School of Business Department of Human Resource Management

RUSANGU UNIVERSITY
School of Business
Department of Human Resource Management
A term paper.
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements of the Course, MGMT 343-Business Law ii
By
Venacious R. Tembo 2017036793
Sharon Shintambo 2017035752
Emmanuel Mvula 20181788
Natasha Banda 2017035765

INTRODUCTION
The coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid 19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-coV-2
virus. This virus Causes respiratory illness similar to common cold and in severe cases leads to
pneumonia, kidney failure and can result in death. Covid 19 was first identified amid an outbreak
of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. It was initially reported to
WHO on December 31,2019. On January 30,2020, WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a
global health emergency. The spread of the covid 19 has significant impact around the globe that
lead to economic recession, lock downs which had several short and long term impacts on human
health, society and the environment. Due to the impact the covid 19 had on our societies,
scientist came up with the covid 19 vaccine. These vaccines are designed to provide immunity
against the coronavirus, according to statistics the number of people vaccinated around the globe
it is estimated to be more than 4.18 billion and more than 563 thousand are fully vaccinated in
Zambia.
VIEWS ON COVID19 VACCINES
A survey was conducted out on ten general workers of Rusangu university, of which five were
males and five were females. The objectives of this survey was to find out the of general workers
views about the covid 19 vaccine whether they are in support of or against it. The following are
some of the questions the general workers had to answer:
 Are you vaccinated? If yes why? / If not why?
 after being vaccinated what where your experiences?
 Do you agree that all citizens should get vaccinated? If yes why? / If not why?
 What advice can you give to the public or citizens about covid 19 vaccines?
 How does covid 19 vaccines protect you from getting sick of covid 19 pandemic?
 Are you aware of the fourth wave of covid 19?
In our survey we discovered that a mass number of the general workers who were interviewed
are familiar with the coming of fourth wave as result as a group we discovered that 70% of the
ten interviewed general workers are in support of the COVID 19 vaccine and 30% are against the
vaccine. The following are the results:

FOR THE VACCINES:
General workers know that covid is real so they want to protect themselves and others against
seriously disease as result these general workers are aware of fourth coming wave hence, they
want to defend themselves and other people in advance. These Covid 19 vaccines helps to create
antibodies to fight against the infectious virus and this is done to boost their immunity. Most
importantly, Due to a seriously massive number of covid 19 death they have seen happened in
the past years as result of these general workers had no option but to get vaccinated for
protection. After being vaccinated with AstraZeneca vaccine, we realized that 3 quarters of the
general workers had to experience several symptoms such as excessive brushing, headache,
fever, fatigue and fatigue this shows that the vaccine works to protect them.
ADVICE ON VACCINES:
Since these people are vaccinated already as results of this they need to continue observing covid
19 guiding rules which are wearing of mask, washing hands frequently with sanitizing and social
distance. Regardless of what there are hearing from these media, all public or citizens should get
vaccinated for protection and lower possibilities of contracting this virus.
AGAINST THE VACCINES:
30% of the general workers are against this vaccine due to the following reasons; According to
our survey some people are against the vaccine due to the side effects it has. These are some side
effects which are fever and dizziness hence they are sacred to be vaccinated. Some believe that
covid 19 vaccines has adverse effects which could results in death Some believes that there is no
differences between those who are vaccinated and not vaccinated because those who are
vaccinated still can get this virus and they are also observing the guiding rules.
ADVICE AGAINST VACCINES:
WHO Should investigate on why patients are experiencing severe dizziness, fever and headache
after receiving these COVID 19 dose. They should work on the vaccine’s adverse effects before
discharging to the public.
SAFER ENVIRONMENTS

A vaccine is simply a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a
particular infectious disease. Here we see that the covid-19 vaccine reduces the chances of
acquiring the corona virus hence providing a safer environment for everyone.
LOWERS RISK OF GETTING THE VIRUS
As explained in the first paragraph a vaccine provides active immunity to a particular disease
hence once someone is vaccinated against the virus the chances of one actually getting the virus
are lowered. This is simply because one’s immune system is boosted.
INTENTION OF THE VACCINE
Vaccines have been around from the beginning of time to protect people against getting certain
diseases i.e polio, BCG etc. Hence the idea of the vaccine is a good one because of the intention.
The intention of the vaccine is not to curb covid-19 but to lower the chances of it being spread
amongst people as we await a cure hence it will keep the corona virus in check not until a cure is
found.
Against the vaccine:
STILL PRONE TO THE VIRUS
The covid-19 vaccine isn’t so much of a good idea because the people who are vaccinated
against the virus can still catch it. This discourages some people from actually getting it as it
seems like a waste of time.
NOT APPROVED
The vaccines that are being distributed to African countries are not approved to be used in the
countries they come from. Hence making people hesitant to actually get the vaccine because they
are suspicious. Why would these big countries send us aid that they, themselves cannot use? For
this reason a good number of people in Africa are against the vaccine.
TIME FRAME FOR INVENTION OF VACCINE TOO SHORT
The time frame in which the vaccine was made is too short. Other vaccines took time to be
analyzed and prepared before declaring them safe for human intake as compared to the covid
vaccine. Hence people don’t have faith in the vaccine simply because of this. More time should

have been taken to come with the vaccine just in case of any mistakes to give people more faith
in the vaccine.
STRONG IMMUNE SYSTEM
The human body was designed to fight and protect itself from all kinds of viruses. It is
paramount to keep our immune system by eating healthy-wholesome foods and the body can
safeguard itself. Vaccines are not all bad, they only help trigger the body to produce antibodies
before one is infected with a virus, hence if we maintain balanced diets there’s no need to get the
vaccine. The statement above shows that most students believe that their immune systems are
strong enough to fight the virus and see no need to actually get the vaccine.
THE COVID VACCINE IS AN EXPERIMENT
To begin with the virus was an experiment that started in China. The creators of the virus do not
have a specific cure for the virus. Hence, they are using the virus to experiment what can be used
in the vaccine. According to a certain research the virus is being used as an ingredient for the
vaccine.
SIDE EFFECTS
According to our survey some people are against the vaccine due to the side effects it has. It has
been seen that after getting the vaccine some people have side effects such as dizzy spells,
migraines, nausea, general body malaise and so on and so forth. This has discouraged people
from getting vaccinated
UNCERTAINITY
Some people are still not too certain about the virus. We aren’t sure if the vaccine is safe or not
due to the misconceptions that have arisen from the vaccine especially from religion. Most
African countries believe that the vaccine is a way to get rid of the black species so that the white
people can take over our land and utilize the beautiful natural resources in Africa. Secondly
there’s a belief that the vaccine is a chip that will be used as the mark of the beast when we come
to the end times. Hence making people stay away from getting the vaccine.
Research based article against COVID-19 vaccine

With unprecedented speed, multiple vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is available almost 2 years
after the COVID-19 pandemic was first identified. As we push to achieve global control through
these new vaccines, old challenges present themselves, including cold-chain storage, the logistics
of mass vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy. Understanding how much hesitancy toward COVID-
19 vaccines occur and what factors may be driving these concerns can improve the ability of
public health workers and communicators to maximize vaccine uptake.
Consider the new statistics from the UK. In a review tracking over 200,000 individuals,
practically each and every member had created antibodies against the virus inside about fourteen
days of their subsequent dose. What's more, notwithstanding initial concerns that the current
vaccine might be less successful against the Delta variation, examinations propose that both the
AstraZeneca and the Pfizer-BioNTech jabs diminish hospitalization rates by 92-96%. As many
healthy professionals have rehashed, the dangers of extreme side effects from vaccine are
minuscule in contrast with the danger of the actual virus.
However a sizeable number of individuals are as yet hesitant to have the jab as indicated by a
new report by the International Monetary fund. The outcome is becoming something of a culture
battle on social media, with numerous internet based analysts guaranteeing that the vaccine
reluctant are just uninformed or self centered. However, psychologists who have practical
experience in medical decision- making contend these choices are frequently the results of many
entangling factors that should be addressed to delicately.
The vast majority of vaccine hesitate individuals do not have a political agenda and are not
dedicated enemies of science: they are basically undecided with regards to their decision to take
the vaccine. Fortunately many individuals who were at first hesitant are altering their
perspective. "However, even a deferral is viewed as a danger to healthy on the grounds that viral
diseases spread rapidly," says Razai. This would have been dangerous in case we were still
managing the more established variations of the virus, however the higher contagiousness of the
new Delta variation has expanded the criticalness of reaching as many individuals as fast as
could reasonably be expected. researchers started studying on vaccine hesitant long before Sars-
Cov-2 was first distinguished in Wuhan and they have investigated different models which
endeavor to catch the distinctions in individuals' health conduct. One of the most promising is
known as the 5Cs model, which thinks about the accompanying psychological elements:

1. Confidence: the person's trust in the vaccines efficacy and safety, the health services
offering them, and the policy makers deciding on their rollout
2. Complacency: whether or not the person considers the disease itself to be a serious risk
to their health
3. Calculation: the individual's engagement in extensive information searching to weigh
up the costs and benefits
4. Constraints (or convenience): how easy it is for the person in question to access the
vaccine
5. Collective responsibility: the willingness to protect others from infection, through one's
own vaccination
Currently unpublished research, Betsch utilized the model to predict individuals' take-up of the
Coronavirus vaccination, and her outcomes so far recommend that the 5Cs model can clarify
most of the variety in individuals' choices. While considering these various variables and the
manners in which they might be affecting individuals' conduct, it is likewise helpful to look at
the different intellectual inclinations that are known to influence our insights.
There are several strategies health care providers can consider to counter the above cognitive
biases and promote the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.
Remember that these psychological propensities are extremely normal. Regardless of whether
you have accepted the vaccine, they have presumably impacted your own decision making in
many areas of life. To disregard them, and to expect that the vaccine hesitant are some ways or
another willfully uninformed, is itself a foolish position.
Given the current climate of uncertainty and public mistrust around newly authorized COVID-19
vaccines, we must reconsider how to factor vaccine side effects signaling vaccine reactogenicity
into communication around the vaccine efficacy/safety balance and how to account for cognitive
biases in promoting vaccine uptake in communities. Negative perceptions and vaccine myths are
particularly intransigent in peoples’ minds, and a vaccine with frequent, COVID-like side effects
may only serve to reinforce these perceptions and myths. Particularly unpleasant side effects
could also foster a rationalization of vaccine refusal, especially amid uncertainty and
overoptimism surrounding COVID-19 outcomes.
Research based article supporting COVID-19 vaccine

Vaccine can prevent infectious diseases. vaccination do prevent measles, polio, hepatitis B,
influenza and numerous others. At the point when a great many people in the community are
protected by vaccination, the capacity of the microbe to spread is restricted. This is called 'herd'
or 'indirect' or 'population' immunity At the point when many individuals have immunity, this
additionally in an indirectly way protects individuals who can not be vaccinated, for example, the
people who have compromised immune system.
vaccination incredibly decrease the danger of infection by preparing the immune system to
perceive and fight microorganisms, for example, virus or bacteria’s. Most research on
Coronavirus vaccines includes creating reactions to all or part of the spike protein that is unique
to the virus that causes Coronavirus. At the point when an individual gets the antibody, it will
trigger an immune reaction. In the event that the individual is infected by the virus later on, the
immune system perceives the infection and, in light of the fact that it is as of now ready to attack
the infection and protect the individual from Coronavirus.
The safety necessities for Coronavirus vaccine (antibodies) are as old as some other vaccines and
are not brought down with regards to the pandemic. Safety preliminaries start in the lab, with
tests and research on cells and animals first, prior to continuing on to human studies. The
guideline is to begin little and possibly move to the following phase of testing on the off chance
that there are no safety concerns. Clinical preliminaries are assessing Coronavirus vaccines in
huge number of study members to create the logical information and other data expected to
decide safety and viability. These clinical preliminaries are being directed by manufacturers as
per rigorous principles. The Coronavirus vaccines are tried in a wide populace of individuals not
only young ones but, physically fit, volunteers, yet in addition older individuals and individuals
with basic medical issue. After the development, the vaccine is keep on being painstakingly
checked for safety and effectiveness.
Observing of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is a fundamental methodology for
guaranteeing the safety of vaccine. An AEFI is any untoward medical occurrence which follows
vaccination. The unfriendly occasion might be any negative or unintended sign, abnormal
research findings, symptoms or disease however, does not really have a causal relationship with
the use of the immunization. A serious AEFI is an occasion that results in death, hospitalization
or prolongation of a current hospitalization, persistent or significant disability or insufficiency,
innate anomaly/birth deformity or is life-threatening. All AEFIs ought to be accounted for

utilizing the standard Coronavirus AEFI detailing structure utilizing the fastest implies
conceivable.
For a emergency use authorization to be given for a vaccine, it must be determined that the
advantages offsets the known and expected dangers of the immunization. An emergency use
authorization considers all safety information accurate from stage 1 and 2 examinations.
Furthermore, a big part of immunization beneficiaries in stage 3 clinical preliminaries ought to
have somewhere around 2 months of follow-up after fulfillment of the full vaccination regimen.
Vaccine manufacturers should effectively follow up on safety, including deaths and serious
unfamiliar occasion, among people who get the immunization under an emergency use
authorization.
CONCLUSION
As a group, our views on the COVID-19 vaccine are divided as well, some are in support of the
COVID-19 vaccine while others are against the vaccine.
Those in favor of the vaccine had these views for supporting it;
As the concern over COVID vaccines continues, the best way to prepare ourselves for our own
experience is with good information about possible side effects. We can expect mild symptoms
like a sore arm, or flu-like symptoms that last up to two days before going away.
In rare cases, a serious reaction or complication may follow COVID vaccination. That's not a
reason to avoid a vaccine because the benefits still outweigh the risks, but it is a good idea to
keep a close eye on how you feel after getting your shot. Call your doctor if you think your
symptoms are serious.
When you are concerned about your symptoms seek advice from a doctor or nurse, make sure
you tell them about your vaccination (show them the vaccination card) so that they can assess
you properly. You can also report suspected side effects of vaccines online through the Yellow
Card scheme.

You cannot catch COVID-19 from the vaccine but it is possible to have caught COVID-19 and
not realize you have the symptoms until after your vaccination appointment. It will help to
reduce the risk of you passing on the virus.
Covid-19 vaccine doesn’t hinder you from going back to daily activities, you can continue with
your daily activities as long as you feel well only for activities like operating machinery and
driving if you still have those symptoms you should wait until get well. If you not vaccinated,
keep taking all precaution until you are fully vaccinated but if you are fully vaccinated you
should wear a mask indoors in public if you are in an area of high risk of COVID-19 to
maximizing spreading it to others and protection for you.
However, those against have the following views;
COVID-19 vaccine is not effective and it is not true vaccine for the virus/disease (covid-19).
There is no real vaccine for covid-19 currently. There is no proper research and testing that was
done on covid-19 vaccine. No accurate data, evidence is provided to prove that the vaccine really
prevent you from getting covid-19 disease. The prevention of vaccine is not yet known because
testing process is still in progress and now people are been cheated to say it covid-19 vaccine. If
it prevents covid-19 disease, why does it have all those side effect on your body? And why are
some vaccinated individuals’ deaths are reported covid related.
To our own understanding and beliefs as a seventh-day member, it is receiving the mark of the
beast without knowing it the one and that Sunday law. The way the mark of the beast is coming
we will not be told to say this is mark of the beast now, it will come in different ways where will
won’t know that it is the one. Many companies are also putting great efforts into developing and
manufacture COVID-19 vaccines and start making money out of instead of help the society.
Those companies planning to manufacture the vaccine will be doing it as business not using the
correct ingredient.

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