Safeguarding in Practice: Impact and Prevention of Disability Abuse in the UK

Student number: Safeguarding in Practice Title
INTRODUCTION
Safeguarding is referred to the protecting a citizen's health, well-being as well as human
rights which are enabling them to live free from harm, neglect and abuse. These are the integral part of
providing the high and best quality of health care. Disability abuse is when a person with a disability is
abused physically, financially, psychologically as well as sexually due to the person having a disability
(Haar and et. al., 2019). Safeguarding disabled young people will develop existing knowledge, build new
skills as well as an aim in supporting to feel confident as well as explore the role of safeguarding. This
poster includes hate crime as well as its prevalence in the UK. This is also considered the literature on the
impact of this type of abuse on disabled people in the UK. These also consider the impact of abuse from the
biopsychosocial perspective. This poster is also considered the evidence-based method for preventing
disabled person from abuse. There are also consider some recommendation that is used by health and social
care professionals in the UK (Richards, Lawthom and Runswick-Cole, 2019).
TASK 1
Definition of the specified type of abuse
There is a person with a disability are face several cases of abuse which are including
financial, physical, sexual as well as psychological. The disability abuse also refers as a hate crime. Hate
crime are the any crime that is targeted at a person because of hostility or prejudice towards that person's
disability, religion, sexual orientation, race or ethnicity as well as transgender identity. There is the person
with disabilities may be more at risk of being abused than another person. The person with disabilities who
have been physically abused report being hit, kicked, punched as well as tripped. The emotional and
psychological abuse can affect both physical as well as mental health. These are faces of anxiety, feeling of
confusion, shame, guilt, frequent crying as well as powerlessness. There are so many people with intellectual
disabilities who are the victims of sexual assault at a rate seven times higher than those without disabilities.
The abuses premised on power as well as control & people with disabilities often face particular barriers to
assessing help that makes them more vulnerable to abuse. The disabled people are significantly more likely
to be treated with violence, physically abused as well as sexually assaulted by intimate partners as well as
other people (Gelfgren, Ineland and Cocq, 2022).
Analysis of the prevalence of this type of abuse, ensuring a focus on its impact on the specified group of
people, in the UK
Presently, there is no any national register is present for the identification of the disabilities in
the UK. The prevalence of this abuse can be determined by the voluntary registered but these are not
considered the complete user information. The data on disability tends to fall into one of the two categories
which include survey data as well as administrative data (Brown and McCann, 2019). The prevalence of the
different types of abuse can be determined by the two global systematic reviews. There are provided
highlights of the higher risk of violence more broadly for disabled a person. There are more than one in three
people with mental illness have experienced domestic abuse in the past some years. There are in in the 20
people with mental illness facing sexual violence in the past year. There are also women with disability who
face depressive disorders and are over two times more likely than women without a mental illness to
experience domestic abuse. The prevalence of disability rises with age in 2020-21 9% of children were
disabled, compared to 21% of working-age adults as well as 42% of adults over State pension age. There are
people which are suffering from mental illness who were almost four times more likely to experience
violence in the past year (Veinot, Mitchell and Ancker, 2018).
The recent estimation of the Family Resource Survey (FRS) is explained that there are 14.6
million people in the UK had a disability in the year 2020-21 financial year. The proportion of disabled
persons increases by 4% over the current year. This is mostly increased in the past decade. There are mostly
disabled people aged 80 and over who reported a disability. The disability prevalence refers to higher among
female respondents 24% than male respondents 20% are found. There are people with intellectual
disabilities were 1.6 times more likely to experience violence in the past year. There are women with
disability are faces anxiety disorder over four times more likely to experience domestic violence as well as
abuse. The male with post-traumatic stress disorder is over seven times more likely to experience domestic
abuse as well as violence (Rothman and Sheeran, 2021).
The prevalence of adults with a disability in the United Kingdom is significantly higher in
rural areas as compared to the large metropolitan area. There are approximately 61 million people, report
living with at least one disability. The percentage of the disability as well as disability types by urbanization
level overall as well as among particular populations. The disability is the most common in these groups
where people with disabilities live and can assist inform public health interventions that are targeted to
decrease the health disparities. These people are classified as having disabilities by individual physical traits
and function. These include visual such as blindness, colour blindness as well as low vision, deafness,
hearing impairment, paralysis, cerebral palsy as well as missing limbs. These are also included learning
disabilities, traumatic brain injury, dyslexia, depression, anxiety and panic attacks.
In Wales, 28% of people reported a disability in 2020-21, six percentage points higher than
the UK national average 22%. There are only Scotland was the only country fell below the national average
with 21% of people reporting a disability. This is the broadly in line with the estimated disability prevalence
in England. The prevalence of disability varies between the ethnic group. The disability prevalence in the
UK is highest in the white people around 26% of people aged and over in this ethnic group (Mezzina and et.
al., 2019).
TASK 2
Demonstrate exploration and analysis of the impact of this type of abuse, on the specified group, focusing on the
UK.
According to Sara Willott and et. al., there are people with intellectual disabilities who are more likely
to be sexually violated and the violation is less likely to be reported. There are several sexual cases of abuse are
almost common today in many organizations, religions, dominations, schools, hospitals as well as generally
everywhere. There is much concern if the act when performed against a people with disabilities. There are people
with disabilities that need a physical contact during care might not understand the between what should and should
not be touched. This alone might make them vulnerable to sexual advances to which they do not consent. This was
highlighted at least 3 decades ago and despite improvements in both security and national reporting processes,
under-reporting remains a problem. This is also explained that the possibilities of prevention as well as under-
reporting using safety alerts raised in the Community Learning Disability team within the UK NHS Trust (People
with an intellectual disability: under-reporting sexual violence, 2020).
As per the view of Anita Franklin and et. al., these are developing the understanding of disability
which is associated with the political, social as well as economic surroundings. These also explain that how
medical perception of disability have directed to both medical and psychological response to abuse in adults with
disabilities. It can be evaluated that medicalization is leading to children with disabilities being considered as too
disabled or not appropriately disabled to be able to meet their requirements. These are also perceived as showing
sign of mental illness, when such sign is more likely to be an understandable appearance of the trauma of abuse.
There are several pieces of evidence are explained that much can be learned from understanding the construction
of disabled adult as well as this also impact currently limited exploration of how society prevents, recognize as
well as responds to disabled people’s abuse as well as associated trauma. There are people with disabilities are the
most likely to be victims of sexual as well as physical violence, bullying as well as neglect. The prevalence of the
disability is challenging to find due to a lack of investment in measurement improvement as well as very narrow &
stigmatized definitions of disability. This is miscalculated given the lack of attention to adult abuse with
disabilities and the fact that adult with disabilities is often invisible, marginalized not listened to. There are several
pieces of evidence are present that adults with disabilities constitute a significant minority of sexual abuse as well
as more recently criminal-related abuse. There are a significantly large number of services across the four countries
of the UK that were contacted in order to facilitate the recruitment of disabled young people to be interviewed
across all studies. There are adults with disabilities who often have to be prescribed a medical label as well as
indeed often require a medical diagnosis of a disability to be able to access appropriate post-abuse services that
meet their requirements. There are presence or absence of a medical or psychiatric diagnosis can have important
consequences for the recognition of their abuse for recovery. There is also a need to look carefully at responses as
well as practices to ensure that groups that are routinely oppressed such as these are not more likely to experience
or need a medical psychiatric label to have their rights to protection as well as support enacted. These are
associated with the lack of recognition of abuse of adult people not being given information as well as support to
empower them to be able to speak out about abuse, not being listened to or their behaviors associated with trauma
being ignored. These also include a framework that respected the rights of disabled people to express their views as
well as work within the social model of disability to ensure that all barriers to participation were eliminated. These
protect the adult with disabilities and support them to recover from abuse and these are needed to move away from
the trick box culture of therapy, classification and psychotherapy. There are also need for a rights-based model of
the people protection with disabilities and challenge the increased barriers to assist faced by an adult with
disabilities (The medicalisation of disabled children and young people in child sexual abuse: Impacts on
prevention, identification, response and recovery in the United Kingdom, 2020).
As per the view of Nadia Butler, Interpersonal violence is a major public health issue, claiming over
each year and the homicide is expected to be among the top 20 causes of death. There is homicide rate for male
populations is approximately four times higher than that for females and females comprise over four fifths of
homicides carried out by intimate partners. The physical and consequences of interpersonal violence impose
substantial burdens and costs on health services. Interpersonal violence has high individual, economic and health
services cost and represents an important public health issue. The mental abuse against people with disabilities is
on the rise and has been for very many years. The mentally abusing a person can harm their dignity and make them
feel worthless, a condition that has led to suicide on many occasions. According to this, disability is referring to
impairments in body function, task performance and social participation. The prevalence of disability is about 16%
in the world with very significant limitation is functioning affecting approximately 100 million adults. Disability
has a significant impact at the level of the patient, family and society. There is an urgent requirement to gain a
better understanding of the aspects that potentially increase the long-term risk of disability ( Cycles of violence in
England and Wales: the contribution of childhood abuse to risk of violence revictimization in adulthood, 2020).
TASK 3
Analyse the evidence base on the best ways to intervene and prevent this type of
abuse of disabled people in the UK.
Prevention of this type of abuse and neglect should occur in the relation
to person-centered support as well as personalization, empowering individuals to
make some choices as well as supporting them in managing risk. Abuse of the people
with disabilities is a substantial challenge because of the particular physical,
emotional as well as a sexual vulnerability that people with disabilities have, in
addition to being vulnerable to abuse associated with their disabilities. The challenges
of abuse for the disabled population is complicated by a lack of knowledge in health
care professionals, lack of awareness of the disabled person as well as limited
resources for addressing these barriers and vulnerability factor which are associated
with the disabilities. This should lead to the services that people want to use, with the
potential to prevent crises from developing. These are including:
Safeguarding and quality in commissioning care homes: These guides
are focused to support NHS and local authority commissioners of care homes to
ensure that safeguarding is central to the commissioning process as well as a primary
concern for residential and nursing care providers.
Commissioning care homes: common safeguarding challenges: This is
aimed to identify the challenges that commonly lead to safeguarding referrals from
care homes. These prevention checklists are provided to assist both commissioners as
well as providers to work towards a reduction in the occurrence of these issues.
Provide reasonable accommodations: there is reasonable
accommodation that entail adjustment to existing policies, practices as well as the
procedure to provide equal services to people with disability (Postmus and et. al.,
2020).
The physical disability can be prevented by physical activities and this
provides a range of physical, mental as well as social advantages. These are reducing
the long-term condition and helping is manage existing conditions. There are also
required to ensure good musculoskeletal health as well as development and maintain
physical as well as mental function and independence.
Recommendations
It is recommended that the people are come together to help disabled
people after immediate needs as well as requirements are being met. These are also
required to work hard for disability prevention. There are also take community
programs to be successful, starting with what the people feel is important and
working from there. There need to understand the cause of the disability. There is a
need to be a fairer distribution of land, resources, information as well as power. The
immediate action of the families, community as well as national levels can assist
prevent some disabilities (Menesini, 2019).
Conclusions of findings
From the above findings, it has been concluded that there are only 4.4% of expected
abuse cases were reported which is lower than the reporting level. The development
of social science understanding is critical in order to challenge the narrow
conceptualization of childhood disabilities. These explain that the disability in young
people is ill-served by the system structure as well as professionals charged with
protecting as well as supporting them (Singh and et. al., 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that safeguarding of individuals who are
vulnerable is not a new consideration for disability services organizations as well as has always been
embedded in practices. The safeguarding is considered the provision of the protective behaviours
information as well as education for people with disabilities. There are various types of abuses are present
with people with disability. These include sexual, physical, emotional, financial as well as emotional abuse.
There are several pathways are present to address the different types of violence which are play a
significant role in implications for intervention efforts targeted at mediating factors.
REFERENCES
Mezzina, R. and et. al., 2019. The practice of freedom: Human rights and the global
mental health agenda. In Advances in psychiatry (pp. 483-515). Springer, Cham.
Brown, M. and McCann, E., 2019. The views and experiences of families and direct
care support workers regarding the expression of sexuality by adults with intellectual
disabilities: A narrative review of the international research evidence. Research in
developmental disabilities, 90, pp.80-91.
Haar, R.J. and et. al., 2019. Documentation of human rights abuses among Rohingya
refugees from Myanmar. Conflict and health, 13(1), pp.1-14.
Richards, M., Lawthom, R. and Runswick-Cole, K., 2019. Community-based arts
research for people with learning disabilities: challenging misconceptions about
learning disabilities. Disability & Society, 34(2), pp.204-227.
Gelfgren, S., Ineland, J. and Cocq, C., 2022. Social media and disability advocacy
organizations: caught between hopes and realities. Disability & Society, 37(7),
pp.1085-1106.
Veinot, T.C., Mitchell, H. and Ancker, J.S., 2018. Good intentions are not enough:
how informatics interventions can worsen inequality. Journal of the American
Medical Informatics Association, 25(8), pp.1080-1088.
Rothman, A.J. and Sheeran, P., 2021. The operating conditions framework:
Integrating mechanisms and moderators in health behavior interventions. Health
Psychology, 40(12), p.845.
Halvorsrud, K. and et. al., 2021. Identifying evidence of effectiveness in the co-
creation of research: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the international
healthcare literature. Journal of public health, 43(1), pp.197-208.
Postmus, J.L. and et. al., 2020. Economic abuse as an invisible form of domestic
violence: A multicountry review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(2), pp.261-283.
Menesini, E., 2019. Translating knowledge into interventions: An ‘individual by
context’approach to bullying. European Journal of Developmental
Psychology, 16(3), pp.245-267.
Singh, N.S. and et. al., 2018. Evaluating the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive
health services during humanitarian crises: a systematic review. PLoS One, 13(7),
p.e0199300.
Online:
People with an intellectual disability: under-reporting sexual violence, 2020 [Online]
<https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JAP-05-2019-0016/full/html
>
The medicalisation of disabled children and young people in child sexual abuse:
Impacts on prevention, identification, response and recovery in the United Kingdom,
2020 [Online] <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2043610619897278 >
Cycles of violence in England and Wales: the contribution of childhood abuse to risk
of violence revictimization in adulthood, 2020 [Online]
< https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-020-01788-3>
Consider the impact of abuse from the biopsychosocial perspective.
There are multiple approaches that can be taken. The three most common are a biological approach,
psychological and social approach. These are three models as well as those who follow them are often at war,
believing their manner is best as well as offering the only true solution. The biopsychosocial model takes an
includes approach to addiction treatment, combining all three aspects of the above-mentioned treatment models
into a workable approach. The biopsychosocial model accepts the fact that every person’s pathway to addiction is
different. This model takes that into consideration and is designed to address each person’s needs to increase the
potential for life long recovery. The biopsychosocial model takes three different approaches to treatment as well
as combined them into one. These are mentioned as:
Biological: Addiction is referred to as a disease of the brain, but these can be treated by giving the
therapy and behaviour modification. This is caused by a certain imbalance and some are more susceptible to it
than others. This approach also can be decrease by addressing their symptoms as well as craving and address all
health problem which are caused by disability.
Psychological: This is aimed on the psychological cause of the disability and the impacts it has.
This can consider past trauma, depression and low self-esteem as well as the impact drug and alcohol abuse has on
mental health and well-being.
Social: this aspect of the biopsychosocial model discusses family and relationships and how they have
both fostered addiction and can be utilized to support recovery (Halvorsrud and et. al., 2021).