Safeguarding Children and Adults

This assignment examines the evolving landscape of safeguarding children and vulnerable adults within UK health and social care. It delves into policy shifts from 'public health' to 'safeguarding,' exploring discursive forms and surveillance techniques employed in contemporary practices. The analysis considers inter-agency protocols, practitioner experiences, and challenges to best practice across diverse settings.

Safeguarding in
HSC

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1A.........................................................................................................................................1
1.1................................................................................................................................................1
1.2................................................................................................................................................2
TASK 1B.........................................................................................................................................3
1.3................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1................................................................................................................................................4
2.2................................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1................................................................................................................................................6
3.2................................................................................................................................................7
3.3................................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Safeguarding the rights of other is the most noble and beautiful end of a human being.
With the increasing modernization, criminal acts have become most common and high in United
Kingdom. It becomes relatively important to safeguard the rights and interest of the people. This
will enable to create a peaceful environment to live and stay freely. The present research report
predicts about the conditions of adults and children's that are more prone to abuse and harm.
Main objective of the study is to create an insight of the main factors of abuse and strategies as
well as working practices to minimise the same. Several acts have been introduced in the report
such as Safeguarding Vulnerability and Care Standard so as to protect the interest of the people.
Likewise, it has been demonstrated that emotional, financial, psychological, neglect, sexual are
the main factors which cause harm or abuse to others (Fleming, 2015).
TASK 1A
1.1
There are certain people in the united kingdom that are prone to the vulnerable abuse by
several other people. It is an act wherein the people are likely to take advantage of those person
that are not in their state to react to the harm or damage made by the others. Some of the major
reasons behind vulnerable abuse to adults have been enlisted underneath: Communication factor: This is the major reason which give rise to the vulnerability of
abuse in adults as well as other groups. Some people have the problem of communicating
with other persons about the harm or abuse being made to them (Webber, McCree and
Angeli, 2013). For instance, there are small toddlers or kids that are being physically
abused by the people but are not in the state to speak or demonstrate their problems to
others. This increases the amount of vulnerability in the country. Social isolation: Some of the people stay away from the society. This means that they are
not in connection with any other persons or relatives. They cannot discuss their problems
with anyone. This give rise to vulnerability abuse by the other persons. For instance, it
can be analysed that elderly age people are more prone to isolation as they cannot move
to other place and interact with the persons who can better understand their problems. Dependency: Another essential factor that give rise to the abuse and neglect by the
people is dependency. In reference to the present case scenario, the old lady is dependent
on his Son for food and money (Gutmann, 2013). This gave rise to the vulnerability to
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abuse by the young son. Moreover, it can be ascertained that the children are sometimes
dependent on their parents or guardians which may even cause abuse and neglect.
Likewise, the elderly age persons are entirely interdependent on their young teens so as to
take care of them and provide them with food and shelter which may further cause abuse
by the youngsters (Brodie and Knight, 2014). Physical conditions: As per the scenario of Mrs. JK, the lady was 71 years old and does
not have the capacity to take his own care and neither have the capability to step out of
the house in search of help. While on the other hand, his son was young and quite strong
which cause vulnerable abuse due to demand for money for drugs (Peckover, 2013).
Likewise, children are more weak and does not have the capability to move out and
demand for help which cause abuse and harm.
 Mental capacity: A person of unsound mind may cause harm to others. These people
comprises of mentally ill, children, unsound mind and depressed. They are more prone to
abuse and harm by others as they are not in the state to make any decisions or act
properly. In addition to the above, Mrs. JK was also not in the state to think and react.
She was depressed and his Son took the advantage of the situation.
However, there are numerous kinds of abuse including physical, neglect, sexual, emotional,
financial, social, etc. Therefore, the person vulnerable to abuse can harm their near and dear ones
as well as to one self. It can be in form of cutting themselves, harming or burning their body,
consume to much of medicines. All these is likely to affect the health of the person. In addition
to this, they may even beat others and mentally destroy the person. Abuse is a violation of an
individual's human and civil rights by any other person or persons. In addition to this, it can be
said that safeguarding is considered as key aspect which allows to deal with harm. Individuals
can also harm themselves in diverse manner such as loosing control, sexual harassment, etc.
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1.2
There are several risk factors that may cause harm to Mrs JK and others. The same has
been described underneath: Age: It plays a significant role in causing harm and risk to others. The elderly people and
children are more prone to vulnerable abuse or harm to other. This is so because they are
more dependent on others (Reid and Burton, 2013). This can be cited from the present
case of Mrs. JK wherein the lady was entirely dependent on his Son which was the major
risk in causing harm and abuse to the lady. In addition to the above, toddlers are also
dependent on their guardians and parents. Therefore, it can be said that the increasing
dependence on other cause risk to oneself. Previous History: There are certain people that have been abused in their past life. This
creates a tendency to harm others to take revenge for the harm or injuries suffered in its
past life. Along with that, other factors that are likely to increase risk includes the
relationships between the two persons. It is essential to develop a kinship between the
child and parent relation which may avoid several risk and abuse. Citing example from
the current case scenario, Mrs JK was physically been abused by the Son due to the
uneven bonds between the two. Therefore, it is the major risk associated with vulnerable
abuse to self and others. Perception of People: Diverse person have distinct perception towards each people. The
major risk associated herein is that the perception of the guardian or the caretaker of the
patient (Pearce, 2014). In addition to the above, Mrs JK was under the caregiver of his
Son which did not gave due consideration to his health and safety. For instance in case of
Dementia patients, the caretaker may get irritated sometimes by handling and managing
the person. This may further give rise to mental and verbal abuse by the caregiver.
 Lack of access to health and social care services: The person under vulnerable condition
or harm may not be in a state to avail the HSC services or does not have access to the
high quality information of the care centres. This is the major risk factor associated with
the patient or person under abuse.
Apart from the above discussed incidence of abuse, certain other factors which may cause harm
to Mrs JK includes, individual with learning disabilities which may harm themselves and cause
wound or injury at times. Moreover, the people with mental disorder may also be vulnerable to
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oneself as they may not intake proper diet which may cause further problem of malnutrition.
All these factors need due consideration while resolving such issues or problems. All these need
complete analysis of the situation and then minimizing the peril associated with it. In addition to
this, it can be said that child sexual exploitation is one of critical aspect which need to be covered
effectively. If key aspects and standards are not employed effectively then risk of child sexual
exploitation may harm overall business. Parties are organised by groups of men to lure young
people. Young people are offered drinks, drugs and car rides often for free. These kinds of risk
may also influence the overall development in diverse manner.
TASK 1B
1.3
Social and cultural factors play a significant role in abusing others. It a a course of act
wherein a person is maltreated or being abused mentally, emotionally or sexually by others
(Jones, 2016). Impact of some of these factors have been highlighted underneath in context with
the present case scenarios as well as others: Financially abuse: As per this kind of abuse, a person is likely to exploit other so as to
gain money to fulfil his own needs. He may even harm other at certain point of time or
can stole things from the house (Peckover, 2014). The social and cultural obligations lies
hereunder which gave rise such acts is that low income, poor conditions of the house, etc.
In addition to the above, reviewing the case of Mrs JK, the son was addicted to drugs for
which he needs money,. This gave rise to abusing her mother for financial needs. On the
other hand, if the lady would have taught his son the cultural aspects of manners and
respects to elderly people in his childhood age then the current circumstances would not
have been aroused. Physically abuse: This may involve harming others in form of beating, poisoning,
drowning, burning or bruising, suffocating, hitting etc. so as to avail their own benefits.
All these acts are likely to be conducted or be seen in the person due to the lack of
education or background of the people which is a social cause (White and et.al., 2015).
Conferring the case of Mrs JK wherein his son abused her by pulling her hairs and
beating in demand for the money to satisfy his needs of drugs. This shows that the child
is illiterate and does not have respect for his own mother which is a major cultural issue
seen in the scenario.
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 Emotionally abuse: A person may be emotionally abused when he or she does not have
any right or freedom of speech. They are controlled, blamed, threatened by the people
which may further take them into stressful situation (Tucci and et.al., 2015). In the
prevailing case, the lady has been emotionally abused by his one and only son. The
uneven care from his child lead her to depression and humiliation. Moreover, she does
not have any support from other relative of care centres which resulted in degrading her
health. This is the major social and cultural cause which is hampering the life of the
abused.
 Sexually abuse: As per this act, there are certain people that are likely to take the
advantage of other persons. They touch and sexually abuse them without the prior
concern of the adult. The sexual need give rise to such circumstances. People those are
spoiled by their parent or from low background are likely to conduct such acts which may
harm other children or adult from abuse.
Since the impact of cultural and social factor has been described above under different kinds of
abuse. The social factor that affects the behaviour under diverse kinds of abuse includes,
housing, education, poverty, health, support networks, etc. Similarly, the cultural impacts can be
in form of discrimination, ethnicity, religion. As Mrs. JK was not allowed to visit other places
and she does not have access to any help centres which may further cause harm to self and others
in diverse situations. In addition to this, it can be said that domestic and mental abuse may also
impact the overall outcome. Threatening behavioural values also creates an legal and domestic
issues which need to be referred effectively. If health measures are not considered then it will
create intellectual issue for individual.
TASK 2
2.1
There are certain kinds of acts inlaid by the government of the UK so as to protect the
children adults from the harm. It has been analysed that criminal cases have roused in the
previous years (Murray and Chandler, 2015). These act safeguard their interest as well as protect
them from all sorts of harm. Some of the cases even specified that the staff members were
abused and physically as well as emotionally harmed and tortured. The shortfalls along with the
capabilities of these laws have been described hereunder:
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Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006: The act was laid in regards to protect the
interest of the vulnerable abused. There are certain people such as children as well as adults
which have been abused mentally or emotionally by other people. In regards to the BBC case
scenario, it has been analysed that the patients which are mentally disabled and have learning
challenges faced psychological and physical abused by the staff members. Therefore, the current
act safeguards the interest of these kinds of people. Some of the strengths and weakness of the
acts have been demonstrated underneath: Strengths: The act safeguards the interest of the innocent by laying a clause which states
that every care home is entitled to use this act. The licence of those HSC shall be
cancelled which have not adopted these policies (Thomas and Humphery, 2014). Weaknesses: The major disadvantage of this act is that many people are unaware about it
due to lack of actions taken by the government to promote it. In addition to it, this act
also possess a major clause which confers that the abused need to prove himself innocent
before the court.
Care Standard act 2000: The act defines a reasonable or adequate care that needs to be
undertaken by the home-care centres,domiciliary services or hospitals (Graham, 2015). This act
can successfully be applied in the Stafford Hospital wherein the lack of care by the hospital staff
gave rise to increased mortality rate. Strengths: Several authorities have been formed to ensure the use of the current
legislation. Along with that government has been provided the right to punish or ban the
license of those co-operatives that have not incorporates the following legislation.
 Weaknesses: The major disadvantage of this act is that the hospitals are not able to use
the high rate technologies due to lack of funds. In addition to the above, there are several
HSC or care homes that have not adopted this act and the government is doing nothing to
promote it (Whitaker and Morgan, 2015).
Apart from the above discussed acts, there are several other laws such as Children Act
2004, Equality Acts 2010, Mental capacity act 2005, which aims to protect the right and interest
of the mentally disabled persons, promote equality at the health and social care in regards to
availing services along with the preserve and protect the interest of Children. These acts are laid
in the best involvement of the vulnerable people, however, it sometimes fails to comply to the
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duties and obligations laid under it. The professionals are not able to provide adequate services
as required by them.
2.2
Safeguarding is the act or protecting the rights and lives of the children or adults who
have been vulnerably abused. There are varied personnels and professionals involved in
safeguarding the interest of these people. Some of these have been enlisted below regarding the
provided scenarios: Social Workers: These can be deemed as those person that work for the benefit and
betterment of society. In regards to the Keanu Williams, Amanda Hutton and Daniel
Pelka case wherein the mothers killed their innocent kinds. Social workers play a
significant role in protecting the lives of small children's. The aim to provide justice by
taking actions against those people that are creating harm to others. These association
reach the needy person through phone calls or other means thereby resolving their
grievance by addressing them deliberately. Care practitioners and doctors: These are the key personnels of an organization and they
are involved in rendering services that best benefits the services users. They are mainly
concerned with treating he patients and bringing them back to the normal conditions.
Different cases come to care home centres as well as hospitals each day (Stevens, 2013).
They are involved in resolving them by providing them with adequate care and concern
needed to recover back to normal. On behalf of the case scenario of Stafford and
Winterbourne Hospital, the medical staff failed to provide due consideration to the
challenged and disabled people which gave rise to the abuse in the premises. Therefore,
the main people that are involved herein are nurses, general practitioners, clinicians and
other personnels that need to provide accurate treatment to the patients so as to resolve
their problems and grievances. Regulatory Bodies: The government also plays a crucial role in protecting the lives of
vulnerable abused. They regulate policies and laws in the interest of these people. As
seen above the legislation has incorporated several laws which need to be adopted by
many of the organization (Boland, Burnage and Scott, 2014). These includes Mental
Capacity, Care Standard, Safeguarding Vulnerable, Child Protect Acts and many more.
These are formed keeping mind the interest and protection of the abused. These
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authoritative also provide assistance to the HSC and care home centres in form of the
finance or funds needed to install essential equipments so as to decrease the mortality
rates in the case of Stafford Hospital. National Society for the prevention of cruelty to children (NSPCC): It is a body which
helps in protection of child health and concerns. For this purpose, is make campaigns and
charity in similar regards so as to promote and create awareness amongst the people
regarding the issues that are prevailing in the society.
 Voluntary and community sector: These are the associations of people that are engaged
in raising the issues which are prevailing in the country and no significant efforts are
made to improve the same by the government and other people in the society.
TASK 3
3.1
Abuse and harm are common at every place and even occurring quite frequently at health
and social care centres (Peckover and Trotter, 2015). It becomes essential to ensure that the
strategies and working practices are laid in the particular manner so as to minimise the same.
Some of the practices and systems that are prevailing in the HSC have been enumerated
underneath:
 Risk assessment is the best measure to safeguard the interest and life of the children.
Measures shall be taken by the authoritative to conduct planning in the similar regards
and identify the potential peril that may be pertaining in the organizational setting (Ash,
2015). This will aid in reducing the number of abuse that is currently been taking place in
the HSC and reduce the same.
 Another working practice which can be adopted to minimise the child abuse from the
hospital can be by the means of appointing personalised care. These are the relative care
takers which are responsible to provide due consideration to the toddlers. They may be
available with the abused or harmed person 24 hours a day along with 7 days a weak.
 The HSC may define different set of operation procedures and systems so as to minimise
the abuse from the organizational setting. For this purpose clearly defined rules and
procedures are laid for the medical staff (Boland, Burnage and Chowhan, 2013). They
will be provided with strict guidelines under which they need to function effectively.
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 Likewise, there are strategies of quality assurance so as to ensure adequate services are
being provided to the Child. These tools and techniques will further aid in removing the
abuse from the health care setting and meet the obligation of safeguarding the life and
health of children.
 It can also appoint committees or agencies who are responsible to provide due
consideration of all the policies are in alignment with laws or not. They can inspect the
HSC as per their requirement and review the systems and practices in procedure.
 The care quality commission is a body that is responsible to regulate the laws and
standards that have been set beforehand (Griffith and et.al., 2015). This will enable the
co-operative use the set standards and systems while treating or managing the children.
This will include handling them with utmost care and concern so as to safeguard them
from all sort of abuse such as emotional, physical, psychological, etc.
 Apart from the above discussed working practices in order to reduce abuse includes the
use of ICT so as to share relevant information on regarding the issues prevailing in the
country. Along with that, anti discriminatory practices can be used so as to create
awareness and minimise the same. The above discussed bodies can identify the children's
that are in need and take relevant actions so as to minimise the same.
 Multi- agency information sharing can also be adopted for improved outcomes and this
can also assist in preventing the tragic deaths of vulnerable adults and children. In this
respect, welfare should be safeguarded and promoted so that proper information can be
communicated. This might generate several barriers; however at the same time it could be
resolved through adopting proper resolutions.
3.2
After the successful implementation of the proposed strategies and working practices, it
becomes relevant for the management of the organization to review these so as to acknowledge
about its effectiveness. This means that the above demonstrated policies and procedures are in
alignment with the laws and legislation shall be reviewed and checked. For this purpose
following steps shall be undertaken:
 The management of the HSC can review the inlaid policies and practices by keeping
track and control of all the operations. They shall install securities and camera so as to
safeguard children from abuse and harm (McKenna, Day and Munro, 2012). This will
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provide an insight of the activities that are conducted by the medical staff and other
practitioners. If any wrong or misleading acts is being pursued in the premises, it can be
caught via the means of installed security system.
 In addition to the above, there are another method through which the HSC can ensure
that the proposed strategies are effective for the organization or not. Feedback is the
most prominent tool through which the practices and policies can be modified. It can be
done via the means of conducting personnel interviews with each child and other clients
of the organization. Any abuse or harm prevailing in the HSC can brought through these
means.
 It can also convey and aware the hospital staff about the new norms and systems that is
been proposed so as to safeguard the children (Principles of Safeguarding and
Protection in Health and Social Care, 2013). Training sessions as well as agenda
meeting can be conducted so as to make the staff members aware about the laws and
legislation laid by the government and the impact of the same on them as well as the co-
operative. This will enable them to understand the significance of such and they will
prohibit pursuing them.
 Likewise, it can create awareness amongst the public about the topic child abuse and the
relative impact of the same. This will enable the HSC to gain attention from media and
also public trust which will further enable to remove the child abuse from the root.
 Through the means of oral and written communication the employees and other
members can be made aware about the practices and other issues so as to provide special
care and attention to the vulnerable people and mentally disabled people in the hospital
setting.
 The above mentioned strategies are effective as that can enhance the practices and
effectiveness of group and team work. Further, this can also enhance the effectiveness of
service delivery aspects through adopting new technological aspects.
3.3
Policies and working systems that are laid by the management need continuous
evaluation and any discrepancies found under it shall be removed by modifying the same. In
regards to the preceding section, the policies and strategies that have been laid needs to be
improved or newly formulated so as to ensure effective functioning of the organization
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(Guidance for providers on meeting the fundamental standards and on CQC's enforcement
powers, 2014). Some of the steps include to make possible alterations have been enumerated
underneath:
 The company can aim to create awareness amongst the people by conducting effective
programs or sessions so as to dispatch relative knowledge or understanding on the child
abuse. This is a vast step taken in order to remove the abuse from the root cause. When
people became literate and aware about these things then it becomes easy to stop the
same (Fleming, 2015).
 Likewise, working practices and strategies shall be formed keeping mind the child abuse
or the cause which give rise to it rather than just focusing on health and social care
setting. This will enable the management to devise right polices and procedures which are
an essential means to remove the child abuse from the co-operative.
 The HSC can develop a strong workforce by creating awareness amongst them and
creating unity to remove the abuse from the healthcare setting. This will create a voice
against those who are engaged in such acts (Webber, McCree and Angeli, 2013). The
workforce will stop those people from conducting these acts.
 The operational activity of the concern can be created in such a manner that aids in
removing child abuse from the medical setting. This can be done by the means of
outreach work which means that workers can contribute to work overnight for the
benefits of the children's or the service users. The result derived from it will be that such
acts can be minimised by staying close to the vulnerable to abuse people.
 Supportive relationship is also another strategy so as to improve the originally laid
processes. The members of the healthcare setting will form a bond that will enable them
to fight against the wrong that is pursuing in the organization.
 Creating child protection committee will help the managers or the professionals to
evaluate the policies and practices that are currently created is followed in the most
appropriate manner. This will also assist in keeping a check over the staff members and
their duties.
 Joint work should be adopted so that information can be adequately shared among the
health care practitioners. Moreover, this is also useful for the purpose of maintaining
confidentiality in organizational practices.
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 Adopting such practices can also enhance degree of communication among the team
players. Along with that, a framework can also be adopted to build up the professional
working of health and social care sector.
CONCLUSION
The above report depicts several aspect of vulnerable abuse to child and adults. It states
that there are several factors which cause harm and maltreatment to the people. Some of the
factors have also been discussed such as emotional, psychological, financial, sexual, neglect, etc.
The study provides a clear demonstration of the measures and steps undertaken by the
government so as to remove the same. For this purpose several acts has been formulated which
includes Care Standard, Safeguarding Vulnerability act, etc. It also highlights that government
has not undertaken relative measures to implement the same (Gutmann, 2013). Therefore, it shall
provide funds to the needed health care organization which will remove the child abuse from the
root cause thereby safeguarding the life and health of people.
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