Safety Management: Hazards, Duties, and Workplace Incidents

This document provides information on safety management, including hazards, duties of employers, workplace incidents, accident investigation, and workplace hazards. It also discusses safety practices and provides examples and evidence related to workplace hazards.

Safety Management

Table of Contents
Multiple Choice...............................................................................................................................1
Short Essay.......................................................................................................................................2
Essay................................................................................................................................................2
Question 1........................................................................................................................................3
Question 2........................................................................................................................................4
Question 3........................................................................................................................................5
Question 4........................................................................................................................................5
Question 5........................................................................................................................................5
Question 6........................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

Multiple Choice
1. A situation with the potential to cause harm or danger are known as ……….
Accidents
Hazards
Risk
Practicable
Answer: b. Hazards
2. Three (3) phases of accident analysis will focus on the following; except:
Injury analysis
Event analysis
Systems analysis
Education analysis
Answer: Education analysis
3. The Safety Management System will cover …….., except:
Inputs- Resources
Technology
Process- Using Resources
Outputs- Conditions, Behaviors, Results
Answer: Technology
4. Who can’t conduct inspections?
Employees
Supervisors
Safety Committee Members
Students
Answer: Students
5. What is the important aspect need to be concern on vehicle safety?
Speed limit
Seat belts/ helmet
Basic and wireless phone
All a, b, c
Answer: All a, b, c
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Short Essay
1. What is safety?
Safety can be described as a particular state in which hazards as well as conditions leading to
physical, psychological or material harm are controlled in terms of preserving the health of an
individual. It includes the criterion of evaluating the risk factors harmful element in order to
eliminate them to secure people (Guo, Yu and Skitmore, 2017). However, it includes several
kinds of harm for which specific practices are to be carried out related to chemical hazards,
biological harm, physical and ergonomic to which effective regulations or strategies are required
to be applied to manage safety factor of individuals.
2. What are four categories of hazards in the workplace?
Hazard can be defined as any kind of source of having potential in order to damage, harm or adverse
health effects on an individual. It includes various objects, chemicals and other substances which
impact negatively to develop health problem, injury and other complication related to body (Li and
Guldenmund, 2018). However, it has been analysed that hazards can be categorised into four major
categories such as microbiological hazards, chemical hazards, physical hazards and allergens. It is
necessary to male more effective as well as efficient strategies in order to eliminate the present
hazards from specific area via evaluating potential hazards for managing safety factor at a place.
Essay
1. Explain the general Duties of Employer and self- Employed Persons under safety
legislation in Malaysia.
In context of general duties of employer an self-employed persons, it has been analysed that
they number of important responsibilities to be completed in appropriate manner. It
includes the duty of providing as well as maintaining plants, services and systems of work
which are secured and without risks of health. However, it consist their duty to make
arrangements to make sure about safety and absence of risk related to health in connection
with utilisation, operation, storage and transport of plant & substances respectively
(Martínez-Aires, Lopez-Alonso and Martinez-Rojas, 2018). Moreover, it is necessary to
provide training and supervision to staff members in terms of managing their safety at work
place.
2. What are the basic steps for conducting an accident investigation?
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The accident investigation is known to be very important process which is required to be
carried out appropriately. It includes the criterion of preserving or documenting the scene,
collect information, determine the root causes and implement corrective action. Initially, the
first step is to gather information to get a brief overview related to particular incident to
understand the basic of what actually happened (Kim and et. al., 2019). Secondly, it consist
the second step of searching for and formulate facts to examine that what happened
including splits of equipment, tire tracks or footprints etc. Thirdly, it involves the way of
establishing essential contributing factors such as environment factors, design factors,
systems factors and so on. However, it is required to find root causes behind the accident
like trip hazard, inadequate lighting, other tasks and many more. Moreover, it consist the
criterion to identify the corrective actions in order to solve the specific case of accident
accurately. Additionally, it consist the final step of implement the correct actions and report
to the desired authority about completion of the investigation with proper document
including important details.
Question 1
Define the following and support with workplace related examples.
a: Accidents
The accident can be explained as an undesirable or unfortunate happening that takes place
unintentionally and usually results in severe harm, injury, damage or loss (Álvarez-Santos and et.
al., 2018). For example: falling objects on head, road accidents, severe cuts etc.
b: Hazards
The hazard refers to a potential source which has ability to harm, damage or injury to an
individual. For example: toxic chemicals, cleaning products, sharp objects in waste like knife,
blade etc., blood on objects in the waste and slippery floor.
c: Unsafe Conditions
The unsafe condition can be considered as hazards which have potential for causing injury or
death to an individual (Khan and et. al., 2016). For example: lack of training, using defective
equipment, operating machine without training or authorisation, workplace congestion, poor
housekeeping and fire hazards.
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d: Ergonomics can be described as an applied science that is linked with design and
arrangement of things for people use which that individual and things interact most
efficiently and safely. For example: heavy lifting, inadequate lighting etc.
Question 2
You have been appointed as a new Safety Officer in your company. The Top Management has
requested you to visit the work area (as shown in Figure 1) and identify SIX (6) types of
hazardous activities performed by the workers. You are also required to state the FOUR
potential health effects of the identified SIX (6) hazards.
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FIGURE 1
Answer: The hazards include slippery floor, risk of fall, risk of injury, open wires, messy area of
work and sharp tools (Zhang, Cao and Zhao, 2017). It involves the potential of causing
several health problems like head injury, cuts in hands, injury in legs and fractures in hands
or legs.
Question 3
Based on your working experience, please give your opinion, why do accidents continue to occur
at workplace in Malaysia?
In context of Malaysia, it has been analysed that there are number of reasons behind continue
occurrence of accidents at work place which are required to be reduce for making workplace
healthy as well as safe for employees. It includes the several causes of construction accidents in
the country are workers negligence, failure of workers to obey work procedures, work at high
elevation, operating equipment without safety devices, poor site management and skill levels of
workers (Yiu, Sze and Chan, 2018).
Question 4
As a safety officer you are request to advice SK Furniture Manufacturing Company on FIVE
steps to control dust and sound pollution related hazards in the company.
In context of SK Furniture Manufacturing Company, it has been evaluated that effective steps
can be followed to control dust and sound pollution related hazards in which some of them are
given below. Initially, it includes the avoid smoking indoors and encourage staff members to quit
smoking is best to control relevant hazards. Secondly, it consist the utilisation craft supplies in
well-ventilated areas (Subramaniam and et. al., 2016). Thirdly, it consist the criterion of making
sure that gas stove is well ventilated and minimise clutter. However, it has been analysed that
remove carpeting if possible and then use the dehumidifier and air conditioner in order to
decrease moisture.
Question 5
List and describe six potential workplace hazards that you had identify in your organization.
Support your answer with evidences and reasons.
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The workplace hazard includes biological hazards that covers viruses, bacteria, animals and
many more. All these are cause negative impact over the workers at working area. Chemical
hazards refers to the substances that put adverse impact over the health and physical including
skin irritation, blindness, corrosion and explosions. Physical hazards are related with
environmental factors that also harm on employees at workplace as it includes noise, radiation,
pressure at working area. Safety factors create unsafe working conditions at working area.
Ergonomic refers to the poor workstation setup in an office, poor posture and manual handling.
Psychosocial factors related with the sexual harassment, stress and workplace violence. It
consist to use of hazardous chemicals to manufacturing of products and slippery floor due to
extra use of substances.
Question 6
Explain 2 major occupational incidents which occurred in Malaysia and its impact to the
stakeholders.
The major occupational incidents includes fire incidents and leakage of harmful gas in an
organisation which impact on stakeholders (Wang and et. al., 2017).
Date Title Case Location Summary Case Focus of investigation
30/05/20 Worker dies
while repairing
lift
Business
Services, Johor
A foreign workers
working as a lift
maintenance died
after being caught
The employer failed to
provide internal investigation
report
28/05/20 Worker dies
from electric
shock
Palm Oil Mill,
Johor
A worker died
after he was
electrocuted when
welding hydro-
cyclone pipes.
The employer failed to keep
maintenance record of
welding set
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References
Books and journals
Guo, H., Yu, Y. and Skitmore, M., 2017. Visualization technology-based construction safety
management: A review. Automation in Construction, 73, pp.135-144.
Li, Y. and Guldenmund, F.W., 2018. Safety management systems: A broad overview of the
literature. Safety Science, 103, pp.94-123.
Martínez-Aires, M.D., Lopez-Alonso, M. and Martinez-Rojas, M., 2018. Building information
modeling and safety management: A systematic review. Safety science, 101, pp.11-18.
Kim, N.K. and et. al., 2019. The role of the safety climate in the successful implementation of
safety management systems. Safety science, 118, pp.48-56.
Álvarez-Santos, J. and et. al., 2018. Safety management system in TQM environments. Safety
science, 101, pp.135-143.
Khan, F. and et. al., 2016. Dynamic risk management: a contemporary approach to process safety
management. Current opinion in chemical engineering, 14, pp.9-17.
Zhang, M., Cao, T. and Zhao, X., 2017. Applying sensor-based technology to improve
construction safety management. Sensors, 17(8), p.1841.
Yiu, N.S., Sze, N.N. and Chan, D.W., 2018. Implementation of safety management systems in
Hong Kong construction industry–A safety practitioner's perspective. Journal of safety
research, 64, pp.1-9.
Wang, B. and et. al., 2017. Evidence-based safety (EBS) management: A new approach to
teaching the practice of safety management (SM). Journal of safety research, 63, pp.21-28.
Subramaniam, C. and et. al., 2016. Safety management practices and safety compliance in small
medium enterprises: Mediating role of safety participation. Asia-Pacific journal of business
administration, 8(3), pp.226-244.
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