Culture, Politics and Power in Organizations: A Study on Sainsbury

This report analyzes the culture, politics and power of Sainsbury, evaluates content and process theories of motivation, explains effective team as opposed to an ineffective team, and discusses concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior.

UNIT 12 ASSESSMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................3
Analysing the culture, politics and power of the organization...........................................................3
Evaluating content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques which enables
effective achievement of goals in organization..................................................................................4
Explaining about effective team as opposed to an ineffective team...................................................6
Concept and philosophies of OB.......................................................................................................7
CONLUSION.......................................................................................................8
REFERENCES...................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The intern analyst is an individual which uses skills and capabilities for improving
performance of company. The main importance is it helps in writing reports, resolving
various problems in a company. Skills and experience of intern analyst helps in working with
efficiently in quick and controlled manner. Sainsbury recognised as the multinational retailer
established as supermarket. mainly selling food and non-food products with great quality at
competitive prices. This report provides details about company’s culture, politics and power
influencing team behaviour and performance. Also evaluating process and content theories
helps in effectively achieving goals of organisation. Further explaining about effective team
as opposed to ineffective team. Lastly, applying concepts and philosophies of OB influences
business situation.
MAIN BODY
Analysing the culture, politics and power of the organization
The culture, politics and power of the organization use to influence the individual and
team behaviour and performance. These factors can be described by using the following
models by which the organization culture, politics and power can be affected.
Culture: Hofstede’s six dimension of culture
In this model it is describe the six dimensions which may affect the culture of the
organization. The six dimensions are as described below:
1. Power Distance Index: In this the degree of the inequality that used to exits is
accepted between the employees without power. Sainsbury must have the low PDI
which makes the supervisors and employees are considered to be equal.
2. Individualism versus Collectivism: This is defined as the strength of the ties
which the people have with others in the community. By having low IDV it will
help the organization to build the skills of the employees.
3. Masculinity versus Femininity: This includes the distribution of the roles between
the men and women. The organization by having the low MAS used to focus on
the quality of life.

4. Uncertainty avoidance Index: The cited organization must have low UAI as it
helps the company to have innovation and make the team and individual to grow.
5. Long versus short term Orientation: The orientation is decided on the basis of
objectives of the company which may influence the individual and teams
(Beugelsdijk and Welzel, 2018).
6. Indulgence versus Restraint: The Company must have the low IVR as it helps
them to enjoy the life and have fun in their working.
Politics: Politics may influence the team and individual in order to play the politics in
the organization. By having the politics it may affect the performance of the workers
in the cited organizations. In this way, the politics have changed the behaviour
towards the business and its employees. In Sainsbury there are various types of
activities that are linked with the organizational goals. In order to have the planning
the company must have the effective strategy in order to influence the team and
individuals. As politics used to exist in the organization which helps the organization
to grow or to defeat in the market.
Power: French and Raven Model
Power used to influence the team and the groups in order to maintain the
operations and functions of the business. This can be described by using the French
and Raven model which will help the organization in order to analyse the
complexities of power (Litvin, 2019). It has five dynamic of power which are referent,
expert, legitimate, reward and coercive. This model used to show the different forms
of power that used to affect the leadership and success.
The politics, power and culture are the factors which used to motivate the team
and individual in order to increase the productivity and profitability in the workplace.
In Sainsbury, the manager used to provide the opportunity to their employees in order
to develop their skills and show their interest in order to attain the goals and
objectives.
Evaluating content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques which
enables effective achievement of goals in organization
Motivation is defined as the positive energy or force which helps in driving and
encouraging employees for performing work in effective way in company. Process theory of

motivation specifies about employee’s behavior while working in company (Sylqa, 2020).
Future, content theory of motivation emphasizes on addressing needs of employees for
motivating employees.
Content theory
Maslow hierarchy needs theory
This motivation theory mainly uses five factors for motivating employees and
working effectively in Sainsbury. The first need is physiological needs, by fulfilling these
basic needs as of providing shelter, apparels and basic necessities to employees. Also
securing and providing safer working environment helps in fulfilling safety needs. as by
ensuring low level of dangers and providing job safety and emotional stability helps in
motivating workforce of company. This further results in increasing organizational
performance. with fulfilling love and belonging needs, Sainsbury manager and higher level of
official are establishing friendly and faithful bonds this helps employees in creating better
trust (A Guide to the 5 Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, 2022). furthermore, company
recognizes all employees and treating fairly as by providing salaries, bonus and compensating
on fair job performance helps in fulfilling esteem needs of employee’s personnel.
Also, by recognizing employee’s extra efforts and apprising employees for
accomplishing task and work on time aid in encouraging workforce also motivating and
supporting employees for working with their fullest potential helps in fulfilling self-
actualization needs and further involving employees for takin various decisions motivates
employees for team working and retaining competent personnel’s (Evans, 2019). This helps
in motivating employees and results in achieving greater business performance by earning
more profits and revenues.
Process theory
Adam equity theory
Adam equity theory is a part of process theory, which motivates employees on the
basis of two ways as inputs and outputs. Inputs are the efforts given by employees towards
the company, whereas outputs are generated by employees with regard of input. Various
inputs given by employees in company are replacing stock with the older from newer ones,
making various reports. taking care of all the shelves in supermarket are displayed properly

by allocating products. Restocking products, cleaning and frizzing various stock in
appropriate temperatures. Also helping various consumers as of choosing right products from
the shelves and solving queries and issues faced by consumers while purchasing various
products from the Sainsbury.
Furthermore, with regard of inputs given by employee’s various outputs are
granted by company, as rewarding employees success, providing various incentives to sales
team in supermarkets, meeting all the health requirements. also providing various e gift cards
for quick order . also providing various schemes benefits as of voluntary benefit schemes as
by offering various discounts to employees this helps in retaining and engaging employees
with attractive output benefits. Also, other pension plans, vacation pays, sick leave pays,
given to all employees working in Sainsbury (Adams’ Equity Theory of Motivation: A Simple
Summary, 2022). Thus, the outputs given are more than inputs helps in retaining and
motivating employees of company as for effectively working for achieving objectives
effectively which results in increasing performance of company.
Explaining about effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Effective teams comprise of these individuals which work together for achieving
common goals with same vision. this individual unites together for achieving desired
objectives within time. ineffective teams comprise of different individual which lack
commitment for working and achieving task. these individuals oppose opinions and ideas of
others also creates lot of issues for taking decisions. Effective team opposes to ineffective
team as effective team individuals aids in achieving goals with proper planning, these
individua’s also encourages teams for choosing best alternative by taking correct decisions in
company.
By using Tuckman team development theory, helps in forming and developing team
with skilled individual for achieving task. It comprises of five stages:
Forming
This is the first stage for developing team, in this all-effective individual are
introduced and assigned with different roles according with the skills by Sainsbury leader.
Teams are forms for performing and completing task by achieving goals on time.
Storming

At this stage employees are appraised with their work and respected by the other team
members. But different employees having different employees will hinders completing tsk on
time.
Norming
Conflicts between various individual will be resolved for combining efforts and
achieving objective with unity. As by uniting all efforts helps in Sainsbury in achieving
desired objectives.
Performing
At this stage all team members perform work as for completing project by
establishing clear commutation and helps in strengthening individual abilities positively as
for achieving positive results.
Adjourning
This is the last stag of team development, where all employees’ efforts are apprised as
fir achieving task on time. Termination of teams is done at the adjourning stage. as teas are
designed for achieving task. this theory helps Sainsbury for achieving objectives in positive
manner as by developing effective teams (Hawkins ,2022). Thus, effective teams oppose to
ineffective teams as it helps in achieving task for company in positive and united way.
Concept and philosophies of OB
The study of the people use to behave within the groups or individually in the
organization is known as organizational behaviour. The organizational behaviour is directly
connected with the prediction, control and prediction of the behaviour of the human in the
cited organization (Coccia, 2018). By having this study it will help the organization to be
more effective in their working. This sued to examine the behaviour of the human in the
workplace and used to determine its impact on the job performance, motivation, leadership
and communication, etc. The concept of OB is described below:
1. Individual difference: In the organization everyone has their own thoughts and
opinion which makes them different from each other. The cited organization must
accept this difference to have smooth flow in the organization.
2. Perception: It differs from person to person on the same object as this is due to the
past experiences which make them to have different perception and thinking. The

employees of the organization work differently by differentiating on the basis of
personalities, needs, demographics, experiences and the social circumstances.
Philosophies of the OB are defined by using the Path goal theory which used to define the
leader behaviour that has impact on the performance of the employees.
1. In achievement oriented it is defined as the leader must focus and encourage by
setting the challenging goals for employees (Bertassini and et.al., 2021). The
employees are motivated in order to do their best by giving the highest level of
performance.
2. In directive leadership, the employees are provided the proper guidelines for the
processes and expectations from the employees. This style of leadership helps the
company to reduce the ambiguity in the working functions.
3. In supportive leadership, the leaders of the organization use to pay attention on the
needs and well- being of the employees. This is useful when the staff has the
personal problems and they are needed motivation.
4. In the participative leadership behaviour the organization involves the
participation of the employees in the decision- making.
Sainsbury use to follow the participative leadership as it is the largest grocery store in
the market of UK. This leadership helps the company to have the good decision-
making by consulting with the employees and make their bets decision. As in any
situation when the leaders are confused in order to make the best decision this
leadership organizational behaviour will help them to have the god decision in the
organization. This makes the employees to feel value in the organization by taking
their opinion as the part of decisions. This sued to encourage the employees in order
to provide the feedback to the cited organization related to their goals and progress so
the changes can be made accordingly.
CONLUSION
From the above study it is concluded about the culture, politics and the power of the
organization that can influence team and individual performance. This report has also
evaluated the content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques that
helps in achievement. At last this report will outline the effective team as opposed to

ineffective team and concepts and philosophies of OB to influence the organizational
behaviour.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Bertassini, A. C. and et.al., 2021. Circular economy and sustainability: The role of
organizational behaviour in the transition journey. Business Strategy and the
Environment. 30(7). pp.3160-3193.
Beugelsdijk, S. and Welzel, C., 2018. Dimensions and dynamics of national culture:
Synthesizing Hofstede with Inglehart. Journal of cross-cultural psychology. 49(10). pp.1469-
1505.
Coccia, M., 2018. Competition between basic and applied research in the organizational
behaviour of public research labs. Journal of Economics Library. 5(2). pp.118-133.
Evans, J. S. B., 2019. Reflections on reflection: the nature and function of type 2 processes in
dual-process theories of reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning. 25(4). pp.383-415.
Hawkins, P. ed., 2022. Leadership Team Coaching in Practice: Case Studies on Creating
Highly Effective Teams. Kogan Page Publishers.
Litvin, S. W., 2019. Hofstede, cultural differences, and TripAdvisor hotel
reviews. International Journal of Tourism Research. 21(5). pp.712-717.
Sylqa, D., 2020. Motivation of people-theoretical models and practices. Бизнес управление.
(2). pp.5-24.
Online
Adams’ Equity Theory of Motivation: A Simple Summary. 2022. [Online] Available through:
< https://worldofwork.io/2019/02/adams-equity-theory-of-motivation/>
A Guide to the 5 Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. 2022. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.masterclass.com/articles/a-guide-to-the-5-levels-of-maslows-hierarchy-of-
needs#what-are-the-5-levels-of-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs>