Sally’s Case Scenario: Pregnancy, Intrapartum and Postpartum

Running head: SALLY’S CASE SCENARIO 1
Sally’s Case Scenario
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

SALLY’S CASE SCENARIO 2
Introduction
Pregnancy is a very important stage in a woman’s life, it is a longed-for moment for any
woman of reproductive age. It is usually the joy of every expectant mother to have a safe
delivery. Sally’s case is one of the unique cases that to most people would consider a miracle
especially now that she has had a miscarriage before. It is at this point that women together with
their husbands would want to be careful so that the journey will be completed successfully. The
paper explores different stages that Sally’s undergoes through before giving birth including
pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum
Pregnancy
Question 1
Pregnancy brings a variety of changes in the body of an individual they would range from
the very common and the unexpected changes like the swelling and fluid retention to small
changes like vision changes. But the most important factor to understand is that there are usually
hormonal changes during such times just like it is evident in Sally’s case. The changes in
hormones and physic that come alongside the preganancy are very unique. In the first trimester,
sally must have experienced dramatic increase in estrogen and progesterone. She also
experienced the changes in hormonal functionality and number of other hormones. The changes
do not just change the mother but also could create pregnancy glow, functionally aid in fetus
development and lastly alter the physical impact of the physical activity and exercise on the body
(Tulchinsky, 2018).
Additionally, estrogen play an important role in Sally’s life particularly at that stage by
helping the fetus to develop and mature. The estrogen must have steadily increased in the first

SALLY’S CASE SCENARIO 3
trimester to its peak levels in the third trimester. During the first trimester, the high levels of
estrogen are responsible for Sally’s feeling for nausea and vomiting. Also, Caanen et al. (2016)
note that an increase in chorionic gonadotropin might not be the necessarily responsible for
nausea but it is because of HCG hormone. Most likely the HCG prompts the maternal ovaries to
secrete estrogen which as a result causes nausea.
Progesterone levels also must have gone high during the first trimester. The increase of
the progesterone thus causing a laxity or a loosening of the body’s ligaments and the joints in the
whole body (Tulchinsky, 2018). Additionally, the high levels of progesterone must have caused
increase in size of the internal structures. Structures like ureters that links the maternal bladder
and kidney increased. Progesterone also, was responsible for transforming the uterus from its
small size to the bigger size that can accommodate a developing fetus (Horie et al., 2016).
Intrapartum
Question 2
A TENS machine is a small, portable device that is run by a battery and won on the body.
The box is normally connected with wires to sticky pads so that it will easily stick onto the skin
(Seifer and Tal, 2016).
The pain theory behind the device is that it delivers small electrical pulses to the boys through
electrodes placed on the skin. According to Lee, Inch and Finegan (2019), they affect the way
the signals are transmitted. For instance, pain signals could be blocked by the tiny electrical
shocks from the TENS machine so that the brain only receives fewer signals from the pain
source (Seifer and Tal, 2016).
Question 3