Sample Assignment on Economic
Added on 2021-02-20
11 Pages3271 Words37 Views
Economics
Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1An overview of issues related to micro-plastic from wear and tear of tyres..........................1TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3Economic theory to analyse the effect of tyre wear and tear on economic efficiency of travelcar consumption......................................................................................................................3TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3a) Critical analysis of an economic policy solution................................................................3b) Critical analysis of reduction in micro-plastic pollution on wear and tear of tyres...........3CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTIONAt present, plastic debris is recognised as the most emerging potential threat for marinelife, natural environment and humans (Aithal and Aithal, 2016). To understand role of economicsto control plastic pollution and bring awareness for renewable energy supplies, an economicalresearch is conducted under present report. It includes an investigation via economical theory onthe presence and concentration of micro and macro plastic in ecosystem, include marine life. Itmainly focuses on wear and tear of tyres with potential economic costs, that borne by bothsociety and individuals. Furthermore, an economic policy solution that reduce the micro-plasticsolution from tyre wear and tear is also being critically analysed. TASK 1An overview of issues related to micro-plastic from wear and tear of tyresAccording to Pieter Jan Kole and et. al. (2017), it has been analysed that wear and tear oftyres considered as a stealthy source of micro-plastic in the ecosystem. Due to growing andwidespread global production of thermoplastic, it is estimated that one truckload of plastic dumpevery minute into marine every minute (Tran, Pilard and Pasetto, 2015). As compared with othersources of micro-plastic like artificial turf (12 to 50%), airplane tyres (2%), brake wear (8%) etc.emission from car tyres (100%) is substantially high (Wear and Tear of Tyres: A Stealthy Sourceof Microplastics in the Environment. 2017). 1Illustration 1: Amount of Tyre wear in Netherlands
As per this data based on Netherlands, it has been analysed that emission of wear and tearof tyres is resulted from contact between tyres and road surface. It depends on composition andstructure of tyre, nature of contact (rolling), driving speed and more (Bada and Oyegbami, 2012).So, pores and hollow space on roads (asphalt concrete) capture some parts of tyres, that furtherdrained into water bodies due to rain. Therefore, near about 5 to 10% of total global amount ofplastics is ended up in ocean bodies due to contribution of tyre wear and tear (Odat, 2015). Onthe ocean beaches like Henderson Island, uninhabited island in Pacific, etc. large amount of tyres(plastic) has been detected as a piece of micro-plastic and macro-plastic. This would cause anemerging threat on aquatic animals, human health and economy as well. Private or travel cartyres via mechanical abrasion release large amount of wear particles (Norouzi and Khademi,2015). Therefore, micro-plastic is considered as major pollutant of environment concern thatcreates both air and water pollution. Through inhalation process and via diet, contributes toglobal health burden for human and both marine and land animals (Rehse, Kloas and Zarfl,2018). Since it has been known that fish, zooplankton and other marine animals are eating moreplastics that includes hazardous chemicals every year. So, eating seafood can endangered the lifeof human as well. As per survey conducted by Dutch Open University, it has been estimated thattyre wear and tear particles are mostly responsible for near about 130k to 300k million deathworldwide (Tyre Wear and Tear one of the most important source of micro-plastic in theenvironment. 2019). From the below figure, it has been analysed that near about all countriesincluding Australia, Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and more, are suffering from water pollutionto the sewage of tyre wear and tyre micro-plastic. 2Illustration 2: The amount of microplastics, including tyre wear and tear
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