Cellular Haematology: Diagnosis of β-Thalassaemia using HPLC and Molecular Tools

CELLULAR HAEMATOLOGY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Βeta-Thalassaemia..................................................................................................................1
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)............................................................1
Molecular Tools for Diagnosis...............................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
The cellular haematology is defined as the branch of medicine which deals in the
different term and cause of prognosis, treatment and prevention of disease related to the blood. In
comprise treating disease affect the production of blood and its components. The elements of
blood are blood cells, haemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, blood vessels, spleen and the
mechanism of coagulation. In the case of this, there are different term of the anaemias. They are
classified sickle cell anaemia or Thalassaemia or Acquired: warm and cold autoimmune or
alloimmune. In medical science there are many method and technique which is used in the
diagnosis of different type of anaemias. Which helps to identified the long term of diagnosis of
haemolytic anaemias. In this, we focus on the diagnosis of β-Thalassaemia within this essay
(Hussein and et. al., 2018).
Βeta-Thalassaemia
Beta-Thalassaemia is haemolytic anaemia which is caused by the decreased synthesis or
no synthesis of beta globin chain. As we go through the physiology, haemoglobin is made up of
beta globin of 2 units and 2 units of alpha globin chain and there is ferrous group also. Which
made to make up the tetrameric molecule that called haemoglobin. Βeta-Thalassaemia associated
with many genetic mutation either it may be enhancer, promoter or the gene complex. Beta-
Thalassaemia is divided in many sub group like Beta-Thalassaemia major , intermedia and one
of them is minor. According to Hoffbrand and Moss the clinical severity of this disease is
dependent on the type of Thalassaemia. Needs and Lynch elaborated that the physiology trait in
beta Thalassaemia is an enhanced synthesis of Hb F and HB A, in this case the anaemia is caused
by the no production of Hb A. They also explains about the causes ineffective Erythropoiesis and
due to this pathophysiology, severe anaemia can occur (Ravandi and et. al., 2016).
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
HPLC is a technique which is used in the separation, identification, and quantification of
present compounds, there are different kind of HPLC method used now day in the different
company. In which such as normal phase HPLC which helps to separate out the compound
which is analysed base on their polarity. They operate based in the on compound size, ion
charges and hydrophilic interaction. The mode of detection is through UV spectroscopy where
the organic analytes will absorb the UV lights of a particular wavelength. HPLC explained by
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