Resolution of Scaffolding Problem Progress Report

This progress report details the research work done to date on the resolution of scaffolding problem in Caledonia. It includes literature review, research methodology, data collection and analysis techniques used.

RESOLUTION OF SCAFFOLDING
PROBLEM.
[Put your full name here]
[student number – i……..]
[date]
[MGT726 Managerial Project]
School of Business
Faculty of Arts and Business
University of the Sunshine Coast

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Executive Summary
The objective of this progress report is to give details of the research work done to date
related to the topic of resolution of Scaffolding problem. The report details about the
literature review about the topic of Scaffolding problem in Caledonia. This project will
detail about the research methodology used that addresses the research objectives and
research questions. The projects describes the management problem ,the research
questions and objectives .The project report give a vivid details of the data collection
method used and the data analysis techniques used for the research. The project report
describes the various data collection technique with proper tables and figures.
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Table of Contents
Executive
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….…i
List of
Figures…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………...iii
List of
Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….…….iv
List of
Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..v
1.
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….1
1.1
Purpose………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..1
1.2 Background and
significance…………………………………………………………………………………
……….1
1.3 Management problem, research question and objectives
…………………………………………..…1
1.4 Research boundaries…………………………………………………...
………………………………………………….1
1.5 Report outline……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………..1
2. Literature Review/Theoretical
Framework…………………………………………….…………………..2
2.1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..2
2.2 Topic
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………….3
2.3 Topic
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………3
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2.4 Topic
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………3
2.5 Implications (research gap and conceptual framework)…………………..…..
………………………3
3.
Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..4
3.1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..4
3.2 Rationale for method and justification……………………………………………….
…………………………4
3.3 Details of specific data collection
techniques………………………………………………………………..4
4. Proposed Analysis of
Results……………………………………………………………..…………………………5
References…………………………………………………………………….…...
……………………………………………………7
Appendices…………………………………………………………………….…...
…………………………………………………..8
Appendix A: Numbered and
labelled…………………………………………………………………..……….8
List of Figures
Figure 1List of licensing related to scaffold work................................................5
Figure 2Birdcage Scaffold.................................................................................... 6
Figure 3Trestle Scaffold........................................................................................ 7
Figure 4Hung Scaffold.......................................................................................... 8
Figure 5Conceptual model.................................................................................... 9
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List of Tables
Table 1Data collection method and techniques..................................................12
Table 2 Gantt Chart............................................................................................ 12
Table 3 Survey for quantative data analysis.......................................................16
List of Abbreviations
BIM –Building Information Modelling
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1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this project report is to give an overview regarding the progress to
date of the management problem regarding the complaints received by Caledonia
scaffolding from residents of the locality and regarding utilisation of resources due to
construction of scaffolding (Kumar et al. 2013). This project will address the progress
done so far about analysing the various research objectives and research problem related
to the issue. The paper will discuss the various secondary sources of data that have been
used so far for this research study that would address the research objectives of the
research proposal. The report will analyse the research methodologies used for the
research to date and will give a brief outline of the data analysis plan that was used for
the research so far.
1.2 Background and significance
Caledonia, which is a scaffolding company have constructed a staff holding
structure .But after few days of work it was observed that the residents of the locality
near the newly constructed scaffolding structure is creating a lot of problems for the
members of the locality. Caledonia also have analysed that that due to these staff
holdings lot of the resources of the company is being utilized due to the construction .It
was also observed that the staff holding structure was taking up lot of space nearby and
also causing lot of littering which caused issue of concern for the members of locality.
This stated issue was a major concern for Caledonia leading to lot of problem of
company. Thus, this particular issue is of concern and importance for the Caledonia
scaffolding company because the scaffoldings are not only occupying too much space of
the construction area but also they are using the vital resources of the company, which
could be used for the purpose of construction in some other sites. This management
problem required immediate action from Caledonia.
Caledonia scaffolding company should address the issue as if the problem is not
mitigated or resolved it will incur loss to the company, which is not desirable. The
company can use the resources of the company for construction in other construction
purposes. Not only that, due to the activities of the scaffolding construction the residents
of the locality were complaining of activities of littering around the area, which was due
to the scaffolding construction. If Caledonia does not resolve the problem of the local
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residents, they may complain about it to the concerned government authorities as a result
Caledonia may land in a legal trouble. Thus, this issue is of prime importance for
Caledonia and it needs to be addressed immediately.
Due to the various issues that were raised related to the construction of scaffolding,
Caledonia decided to remove the scaffoldings to mitigate various issues raised due to the
construction of the scaffoldings. Caledonia removed the scaffoldings to free up the space
that was used due to the construction of the scaffolding and use the company’s resources
for other benefits like making constructive activities in some other sites that would bring
profit to the company.
This issue of scaffolding construction not only raised complaints from the local
residents near the construction site but also occupying lot of space utilizing lot of
resources of the company which could be used for other benefits of the company. As a
result, this issue of Caledonia is deemed as a major management problem that demands
attention.
1.3 Research question and objectives
The research question that was used for the research was that:
 What are the Australian best practices or licensing for scaffolding that minimises
the disruption to others and still meet safety requirements.
The research objectives used in the research that would address the research question
are:
RO1: To find out the loss incurred by the company Caledonia, because of the
construction of these scaffoldings.
RO2: To find out the means through which they can be removed without causing any
significant problem for the construction workers.
RO3: To find out the manner in which the space and the resources consumed by the
construction of the scaffoldings can be used effectively.
1.4 Research boundaries
The industry, that was discussed in the research was Scaffolding market industry,
Scaffolding industry provides work access solutions that includes erecting and
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disassembling scaffolding, renting of scaffolding and providing services, to oil and
petrochemical clients, directly or through general contractors (Reiser and Tabak 2014).
The scaffolding industry has been divided based on types, materials, application, and
regions. Based on the type, the scaffolding market has been divided as Supported
Scaffolding, Suspended Scaffolding, and Rolling Scaffolding.
The Scaffolding Company discussed in the research is Caledonia, which is a
scaffolding company in Australia, which provide wide range of services in Australia
related to Scaffolding like scaffold hire, providing scaffold design and project
management tasks. Caledonia offers services in Australia and New Zealand; however,
the research is related to its services of scaffolding construction work in Australia.
1.5 Report outline
This progress report gives details of the research topic and studies about the research
topic that relates to problems regarding scaffolding, its field of implications and gives a
overview of the practices regarding scaffolding that minimises disruption to local residents
near the site of scaffolding construction. This report will also try to analyse and address the
objectives related to the research topic. The next portion of the progress report will discus and
analyse the research methodologies used for this research so far, that includes the research
approach and data collection techniques used for the research to date. The last section of this
progress reports gives details of the proposed analysis of the results.
2. Literature Review/Theoretical Framework
Scaffolding work includes erection, alteration or disassembling of a temporary
structure that is constructed to support a platform .The scaffolding work is associated
with risks and accidents so a person who is engaged in scaffolding work should have a
high-risk work licence. The person who is undertaking the work of scaffolding should
hold a relevant class of work licence that is approved by the WHS regulations. Many
accidents occur every year related to scaffolding work, which includes injuries as well as
death cases. Scaffolding work demands a proper safety management that would support
prevention and safety mitigation (Hou et al. 2016). There have been research works that
assessed the safety risk factors related to scaffolding construction (Collins et al 2014).In
the article the authors developed a approach to integrate a safety risk factors with BIM
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for safety management using 4 dimensional (4D) BIM which is a tool for safety
management. The scaffolding work, when a construction project is underway, often
leads to problems like waste of managerial material and resources (Chen and Luo
2014) .There was a research that was done, where the authors from premier technical
institutes of USA developed a rule-based system that plans automatically scaffold
system. It would be utilized for various purposes related to scaffolding work (Kim and
Teizer 2014). The paper discussed the leading industry practices regarding scaffolding
system management and planning. The article also highlighted the automated design and
planning system that can be used in communication, billing of materials and scheduled
simulation.
.
2.1 Introduction
There have been some research works done previously that defines scaffolding work
in construction in true terms and also highlighted the risks associated with it .Scaffolding
work should only engage people who are competent and posses a relevant work licence
issued and approved by WHS regulations (Schofield, Reeve and McCallum 2014). There
were also some research works, which highlighted the importance of using automated
scaffold system and stated its implications and usability. However, there are certain topics
that are needed to be addressed related to scaffolding work
2.2 Concept of Scaffolding and its licensing in Australia
Scaffolds are temporary frameworks that are constructed to support working platforms.
Scaffolds are used in the work of construction so that the workers get a safe and fixed
platform when the work is done above ground level or on a constructed floor.
Scaffolding includes use of components such as frames and tubes which when assembled
can form a scaffold. Scaffolding work includes structuring, altering and dismantling of a
temporary structure that are erected to support a particular platform.
Lot of risk is associated with scaffolding work so it is regarded as the high-risk job
(Sousa, Almeida and Dias 2014). In a scaffolding ,work there is a risk of people or
object falling from a height of more than four metres(Zhou Goh and Li 2015) .There
are three classes of high risk work licence that comes under the guidelines of model
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WHS regulation that is followed in Australia. The three classes of licences are –basic,
intermediate and advanced. The details of the scaffolding licensing are mentioned below:
Figure 1List of licensing related to scaffold work
(Source: Schofield, Reeve and McCallum 2014)
2.3 Types of Scaffold and Scaffolding
The most commonly used types of scaffold are:
Birdcage Scaffold – A birdcage scaffold is a scaffold that is not dependent, it has
more than two rows of standards in two directions, which are connected to each other
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with the help of Transoms and ledgers. It is used mostly for carrying out work in a
single level.
Figure 2Birdcage Scaffold
(Source: Chi, Lin and Dewi 2014)
Trestle Scaffold – The trestle scaffold is constructed from already fabricated braces
and other accessories .the Trestle scaffolds are generally used by bricklayers and
painters .These type of scaffolds does not require licensed scaffolder to dismantle or
erect .
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Figure 3Trestle Scaffold
(Source : Zhang Boukamp and Teizer 2015)
Hung scaffold – The hung scaffold is an independent scaffold ,it cannot be elevated
or lowered when it is being used .The hung scaffold generally hangs from another
structure.
Figure 4Hung Scaffold
(Source: Chi, Lin and Dewi 2014)
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2.4 Issues that can damage scaffolds
There are certain issues that can damage the scaffold equipment leaving it vulnerable
(Chi, Lin and Dewi 2014).
Some of issues are:
 Environmental condition- Extremities of weather can attribute to damage of
scaffold. Extreme conditions of rainfall, heat and cold causes rusting of the
scaffold equipments (Fischer and Knutti 2015).
 Improper work protocols – If the workers do not maintain proper working
protocols or guidelines, it leads to damage of scaffold equipments (Hsiao, 2014).
 Overloading – Overloading is a major concern in working of scaffold. If the load
bearing capacity of scaffolds are breached it can lead to severe accidents causing
injuries and deaths (Kazmi, Qasim and Kazmi).
 Absence of qualified personnel- Works related to scaffold requires high
competency so it is essential to engage properly trained and licensed personnel in
this work activity. They can use their knowledge and guidance to make the
scaffolds safer.
2.5 Implications – the research gap
There had been many researches that studied analysed the hazards and risks, related to
scaffolding works (Zhang Boukamp and Teizer 2015). The previous works related to
scaffolding underlines and highlights the issues that lead to damage of scaffolds .It discusses
the vulnerability of scaffolds and problems related to it. However, the researches done on
scaffolding fails to address the issues of combating the safety issues of scaffolding .The also
fails to address what measures should be taken to utilize the resources used by scaffolding
work for other benefits. . Further research should be done that would work on measures to
ensure safe scaffolding system and use of software for scaffolding system.
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Figure 5Conceptual model
(Source: created by author)
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Utilizing
resources of
scaffold works
Developing
guidelines for
safe scaffold
system
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3. Methodology
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is the method that helps a researcher to design their research in
an appropriate manner (Flick, 2015). The research methodology deals with the various
methods that the researcher has adopted to conduct the study (Taylor, Bogdan and
DeVault 2015.). It is important to select proper methodology, as proper selection of the
research methodology will help the researcher to deduce his finding in a suitable way.
3.2 Research approach and justification
Data collection methodologies are the procedure of collection of data, which can be
classified as primary data and secondary data (Rhodes et al.,2014). Data collection
methodologies are done over the targeted variables in a systematic and organized
manner. Primary Data Collection method involves raw data collection like conducting of
questionnaires, interviews or surveys with a small group of individuals. On the other
hand, Secondary Data Collection methods involve use of the previous researches to
collect data from various sources such as reliable articles, reviewed journals and other
sources (Clark 2013). For this research proposal, both primary and secondary data is to
be collected. For the collection of primary data both quantitative and qualitative
methods will be used it will as it make the research much reliable and justifies as in
qualitative method of primary data collection interaction will be much more and
wherever much interaction is not required quantitative method would be used that would
save time. In collection of primary data, 10 managers of Caledonia scaffolding company
and 50 employees of Caledonia would be interviewed and a survey would be done with
the employees of Caledonia with questionnaires (Rowley 2014). These surveys would be
sufficient to gather information and analyse the research question and objectives as they
are direct stake holders of the organization concerned with the research .Thus no other
further primary data collection would be required. Secondary data will be used which
will give a brief idea about the researches done previously on the concerned topic that
addresses the research objectives and the research questions.
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3.3 Details of specific data collection techniques
For the accomplishment of this research proposal for primary and secondary data would
be used. Use of both the primary and secondary data would strengthen the research work
and help to analyse the research question and objectives in much better way. For the
primary data collection, both quantitative and qualitative methods would be used. The
qualitative method is necessary for the research, as in qualitative method 10 managers of
the Caledonia scaffolding company would be interviewed (Miles, Huberman and
Saldana 2013). The interview would be face to face that would provide lot of
interactions .This interaction would be beneficial as the managers are fully aware of the
problems faced by Caledonia and what are the concerning issues. For quantitative
method approach, 50 employees of Caledonia would be surveyed with open-ended
questionnaires. This would address the research question giving us a general opinion
from them in less time. There are secondary sources of data that address the research
questions detailing the practices and licensing of the scaffolding works. The research
works on scaffolding works also states how these scaffolding structures can be
dismantled and removed without disrupting others. The details of the data collection
techniques have been provided in the form of table.
Research
Objective
Data Collection
Methods/Technique
s
(secondary and/or
primary)
Data Analysis Plan
R01: To find out
the loss incurred
by the company
because of the
construction of
these
scaffoldings
Primary
Surveys conducted
with the other
construction
companies
R02: To find out
the means
through they can
be removed
without causing
any significant
problem for the
construction
workers
Primary Interviews with the
members of the
other construction
companies
R03: To find out
the manner in Primary
Interviews will be
conducted with the
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which the space
and the
resources
consumed by the
construction of
the scaffoldings
can be
effectively used.
members of the
concerned company
R04: To find out
a suitable
location near the
construction
area where the
workers can
reside during the
construction of
the building with
the company
having to incur
any significant
amount of
capital.
Primary
Interviews will be
conducted with the
members of the
concerned company
Table 1Data collection method and techniques
(Source: Created by the author)
Resear
ch
Activiti
es
W
ee
k
1
W
ee
k
2
W
ee
k
3
W
ee
k
4
W
ee
k
5
Selecti
on of
Resear
ch
topic
Introd
uction
and
Literat
ure
Review
Data
collect
ion
metho
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d
Data
analysi
s
Metho
d
Expect
ed
Outco
me
Table 2 Gantt Chart
(Source: Created by the author)
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4. Proposed Analysis of Results
Data Analysis method is the process of inspecting and transforming data that will help to
make decision and help in suggesting conclusions. There are two major categories of
Data Analysis methodology; they are Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis
techniques (Miles, Huberman & Saldana, 2013). In this research proposal, the
researcher shall conduct quantitative data analysis where the researcher would conducts
surveys of employees in Caledonia and other scaffolding companies to almost 50
employees. A qualitative analysis was also done which included interviews to 10
managers of Caledonia and other construction companies in Australia. The data collected
in survey will be transformed into numerical bar charts and percentages, in order to
obtain a reliable outcome from the collected data.
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References
Chen, L. and Luo, H., 2014. A BIM-based construction quality management model and
its applications. Automation in construction, 46, pp.64-73.
Chi, C.F., Lin, S.Z. and Dewi, R.S., 2014. Graphical fault tree analysis for fatal falls in
the construction industry. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 72, pp.359-369.
Clark, G., 2013. 5 Secondary data. Methods in Human Geography, p.57.
Collins, R., Zhang, S., Kim, K. and Teizer, J., 2014. Integration of safety risk factors in
BIM for scaffolding construction. In Computing in Civil and Building Engineering
(2014) (pp. 307-314).
Fischer, E.M. and Knutti, R., 2015. Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of
heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes. Nature Climate Change, 5(6),
p.560.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a
research project. Sage.
Hou, L., Zhao, C., Wu, C., Moon, S. and Wang, X., 2016. Discrete firefly algorithm for
scaffolding construction scheduling. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 31(3),
p.04016064.
Hsiao, H., 2014. Fall prevention research and practice: a total worker safety
approach. Industrial health, 52(5), pp.381-392.
Kazmi, Z., Qasim, S. and Kazmi, D., An Assessment of Risk Management Practices in
the Logistics and Construction Industry.
Kim, K. and Teizer, J., 2014. Automatic design and planning of scaffolding systems
using building information modeling. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 28(1), pp.66-
80.
Kumar, C., AbouRizk, S.M., Mohamed, Y., Taghaddos, H. and Hermann, U., 2013.
Estimation and planning tool for industrial construction scaffolding. In ISARC.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in
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Construction (Vol. 30, p. 1). Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Department of
Construction Economics & Property.
Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M. and Saldana, J., 2013. Qualitative data analysis. Sage.
Reiser, B.J. and Tabak, I., 2014. Scaffolding. In The Cambridge Handbook of the
Learning Sciences, Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Rhodes, J.D., Upshaw, C.R., Harris, C.B., Meehan, C.M., Walling, D.A., Navrátil, P.A.,
Beck, A.L., Nagasawa, K., Fares, R.L., Cole, W.J. and Kumar, H., 2014. Experimental
and data collection methods for a large-scale smart grid deployment: Methods and first
results. Energy, 65, pp.462-471.
Rowley, J., 2014. Designing and using research questionnaires. Management Research
Review, 37(3), pp.308-330.
Schofield, T., Reeve, B. and McCallum, R., 2014. Australian workplace health and
safety regulatory approaches to prosecution: Hegemonising compliance. Journal of
Industrial Relations, 56(5), pp.709-729.
Sousa, V., Almeida, N.M. and Dias, L.A., 2014. Risk-based management of
occupational safety and health in the construction industry–Part 1: Background
knowledge. Safety science, 66, pp.75-86.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research
methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Zhang, S., Boukamp, F. and Teizer, J., 2015. Ontology-based semantic modeling of
construction safety knowledge: Towards automated safety planning for job hazard
analysis (JHA). Automation in Construction, 52, pp.29-41.
Zhou, Z., Goh, Y.M. and Li, Q., 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management
studies in the construction industry. Safety science, 72, pp.337-350.
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Appendices
Appendix A: Primary and secondary data sources
Primary Quantitative Data:
Table 3 Survey for quantative data analysis
(Source: Created by the author)
Secondary Data:
Chen, L. and Luo, H., 2014. A BIM-based construction quality management model and
its applications. Automation in construction, 46, pp.64-73.
Collins, R., Zhang, S., Kim, K. and Teizer, J., 2014. Integration of safety risk factors in
BIM for scaffolding construction. In Computing in Civil and Building Engineering
(2014) (pp. 307-314).
Kim, K. and Teizer, J., 2014. Automatic design and planning of scaffolding systems
using building information modeling. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 28(1), pp.66-
80.
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Employees Response % No. Of
respondents
Total
respondents
18-25 years 44 18 50
26-45 years 33 16 50
46-60 years 16 10 50
61 and
above
7 6 50

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Schofield, T., Reeve, B. and McCallum, R., 2014. Australian workplace health and
safety regulatory approaches to prosecution: Hegemonising compliance. Journal of
Industrial Relations, 56(5), pp.709-729.
Sousa, V., Almeida, N.M. and Dias, L.A., 2014. Risk-based management of
occupational safety and health in the construction industry–Part 1: Background
knowledge. Safety science, 66, pp.75-86.
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