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An Assessment Template for a 3500 Word Essay

   

Added on  2020-03-23

13 Pages6054 Words341 Views
OPTION 1: Individual submission(begin with this template and use it to submit your draft)Structured 3,500 word essay maximum excluding the words of these questions and your list of references. Expand the explanation boxes as required. This template contains approximately 1464 words.You must use this worksheet to complete the assessment and submit it through Turnitin. Pair numberName and student numberSecond reviewer, name and student numberDate draft submitted through TurnitIn.Word count (not including the words for the form and the references):Date of exchange individual work and discussion with partnerStudy assessed as described in: Wilson, Dawn K., et al. "Results of the “Active by Choice Today”(ACT) randomized trial for increasing physical activity in low-income and minority adolescents." Health Psychology 30.4 (2011): 463.Remember, you are assessing the study which is described, and not this single publication. You will need to check and identify if additional information about this study is available. If so then you can incorporate the information into the responses. Please be aware that sometimes the information may conflict.QUALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR QUANTITATIVE STUDIES Please complete these the questions presented as structured paragraphs as you would in an essay. Highlight your selection or cross-out the choice not applicable. Demonstrate your knowledge of epidemiological principles within each section andsupport your statements.

Part 1: (Initially undertaken on your own)Show the structured PICO question of the studyPatient- The respondents being targeted by this study are the Adolescents in twenty four middle schools with mean age of 11.3 years.Intervention- Active by choice behaviour intervention programComparison- Two school children intervention program one put on intervention andthe other one control groupOutcome – The main outcome measure was moderate to vigorous physical activity in low income and minority adolescents COMPONENT RATINGS A) SELECTION BIAS (Q1) Are the individuals selected to participate in the study likely to be representative of the target population? 1. Very likely 2. Somewhat likely 3.Not likely 4. Can’t tell Very likelySelecting representative sample in research process is geared towards having strong validity and building relationship to the target population in which the sample is meant to represent. Thus when appropriate approaches are used in cross sectional studies, is geared towards gaining confidence in generalizing findings in the general population. Thus appropriate research methods are essential in ensuring that a representative sample is achieved from the population. The study targeted school going children and those that are physically active, (Mann, 2003). This is due to their growth patterns and it is with this reason that the study choose to select 6th grade children among schools that were randomised selected. 12 intervention schools and 12 comparison schools were selected, with an aim of identifying the individuals to be engaged in the study. When the target population is large, it is important definitely to draw down on the subset population to work with, thus the essence of identifying sample population top form a representative sample size. Thus this will inform how the study findings can be applied to the general population. Hence for a sample such as in this randomised control study, it is of essence to ensure there is consistency through an elaborate understanding of the population case by case. The sample population must also incorporate diversity, hence that is why the study sample representatives are homogenous, representative the school going students from the diverse backgrounds, (Hertzog, 2008). (Q2) What percentage of selected individuals agreed to participate? 1. 80 - 100% agreement 2. 60 – 79% agreement 3. less than 60% agreement 4. Not applicable 5. Can’t tell 60-79% agreementWith the selection of all 6th grade students in the 24 public schools, they were put into participation program, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria was the parental consent and selection through the random assignment.

Hence with these criteria, a total of 71% of the initial sample qualified to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria used was that if the students had medical condition and had developmental issues.RATE THIS SECTIONSTRONGMODERATEWEAKSee dictionary123Strong The above section gives a represenative view of question analysis and gives an overview of the general researchframework. Getting concepts on the response rate gives you an opportunity to gauge the quality of evidence andfindings which support the proposition of the study. B) STUDY DESIGN Indicate the study design 1. Randomized controlled trial 2. Controlled clinical trial 3. Cohort analytic (two group pre + post) 4. Case-control 5. Cohort (one group pre + post (before and after)) 6. Interrupted time series 7.Other, please specify: 8. Can’t tell Was the study described as randomized? If NO, go to Component C. Yes If Yes, was the method of randomization described? (See dictionary) Yes If Yes, was the method appropriate? (See dictionary) Yes The active by choice behaviour change adopted randomised control trial in that cohort design was selected having two treatment groups. This involved the intervention group and comparison group or the control group. Randomised control trials have been structured to give a fair comparison between the new treatment effect and existing treatment. Control trial compares two or more groups which one acts as an experimental group and the other acting one acting as a placebo. Randomised trials allows for random assigning of participants into experimental group and control group. Randomised in essence refers to the volunteering by the respondents through division into groups and being tested through treatment effect, (Raudenbush, 1997). The study is expected to bring the difference between the two groups based on the treatment behaviour being implemented. The advantages of this kind of study design are that, having good randomization will definitely remove any population basis, it allows for easier blinding process, results are analysed with well known statistical tools and that it allows for the study population to be easily identified. The two differential treatments of the groups allows for effects to be observed and to make sure that the groups are not similar from the start, (Gomes et al 2013). Randomised controlled trials are used as gold standards for clinical research process for therapy and prevention and transparency in reporting process design for analysis and plays crucial role in informing evidence based practices which are essential in conduct and design of analysis, (Alexander & Emerson, 2005). This tool is the

most appropriate tools to estimate of effects of medical intervention. Number of issues relating statistical analysis of RCT in relation to possible approaches. Conducting a cluster randomised trials are aimed at selecting few participants and has been increasingly used for complex interventions. These designs have utilise in conducting health interventions. Hence there is need for balance of participants to minimise biases issues among them, (Thomson et al., 2009).In the study the randomization process was followed with the ACT program being at the school based trial efficacy of the motivational behavioural skills. In the study 24 middle level schools were matched on the size with percentages, minorities and urban rural settings being initiated before randomization process tool place. However the exact randomization process was described, as per how the treatment and randomization took place for the children. Amid intervention students were engaged in 4.87 minutes duration time of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day than the control group. Further the students in the intervention group were engaged in 9.11 minutes more per day than those of MVPA, thus indicating a 27 minutes per week increase in physical exercise practice. The method employed was appropriate in the study as it gives an equal treatment opportunity to the sample respondents both in the treatment and control groups. The method used in this study is appropriate in that it allows for randomised controlled trial to each participant receiving treatment at random chance. Thus allows that results are not biased on how participants are selected. RATE THIS SECTIONSTRONGMODERATEWEAKSee dictionary123Strong The methodological process selected is strong and the result which yields an opportunity to ensure that the results are strong and effect treatment can be replicated to bring the desired change to the respondents. C) CONFOUNDERS (Q1) Were there important differences between groups prior to the intervention? 1.Yes 2. No 3. Can’t tell The following are examples of confounders: 1. Race 2. Sex 3. Marital status/family 4. Age 5. SES (income or class) 6. Education 7. Health status 8. Pre-intervention score on outcome measure YesWhen there is an occurrence in the outcome between the exposure groups and the treatment groups, there is need to consider whether the effect is truly because of the associated effect or not. Thus there is need to evaluate the factors that might distort the true associated or the influence the interpretation will have. Thus evaluating the role of biasness in the study is crucial. Considering biasness effect is key to such study. Bias relates to the systematic sources of errors which have to be considered. This is key in analysing the internal validity of the study findings which the biases have been accounted for and initiative measure being undertaken to ensure that they are mitigated appropriately. In study that is rated poorly, bias may be accounted to this effect thus results obtained are statistically significant. Thus bias entails preclude that the finding are true effect and it lead to inaccurate estimate of the true measurements, (Rothman, 2004). Confounding biases are referred to mixing effects where the effects of the exposure under the study on a given

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