School of Computing and Maths charles Sturt University PDF

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND MATHS, CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY
The jobs killer is coming: How driverless trucks could change Australia
Assignment 3: Applying Ethical Theory
Student Number
Word Count: -1250

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................1
Utilitarianism theory..................................................................................................................1
Deontology theory......................................................................................................................2
Virtue theory..............................................................................................................................3
Contract theory...........................................................................................................................3
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................4
References..................................................................................................................................5

Introduction
There are several theories which focus on morality, ethics and genuinely of the cases
which should be taken before taking the judgement in the particular case. In this report, case
study analysis has been made to evaluate the adoption of the advance technologies adopted
by owner of the transport business and reducing the overall cost of its offered services. In this
report, case analysis of driverless trucks and job killer innovative machines has been analysed
by using the different theories. These theories are used to evaluate the judgements made by
the stakeholder of the case in the particular situation.
Utilitarianism theory
The utility of the situation should be analyzed on the basis of motivation of the
pleasure or satisfaction of employees arises from the acts. It is observed that the term pleasure
is defined as feeling attachment, touch and behaviour of one person for the particular
situation. It is analyzed that in transport industry, many people will lose their jobs if company
adopts advance technologies in their systems. The Utilitarianism theory focuses on
motivation for the judgment which arise out of the pleasure and other affected factors (Fried,
2015).
In the given case, artificial robots will replace the work of humans which will
eventually reduce the availability of jobs for humans. As per the Utilitarianism theory, the
main benefit of adoption of these technologies would be related to increased output and
efficiently of the Transport organization is the another aspect of the decision. On the other
side, if the judgments to adopt these technologies are made then it will eventually reduce the
labour employment rate and put negative impact on the society at large (George, 2017). This
Utilitarianism theory showcases that not only drivers will lose their jobs but also other sectors
will negatively impacted by these judgement. The Utilitarianism theory support employees to
raise their concern and federal government also needs to analysis these case on the basis of
pleasure of motivation arise by using the advance technologies in business (Solum, Galleries,
& edu Page, (2017).

Deontology theory
This theory emphasises upon the ethics and morality of the action undertaken. The
deontology theory defined the relation of employee and employer. It defines the ethics and
morality which needs to be undertaken by the employees while discharging his
responsibilities towards the employers and employer’s responsibilities towards the
employee’s welfare. In the given case study, it is observed that employers want to adopt
advance technologies in their work place to make its business driverless and efficient. As per
the deontology theory, these writers have their right to do their work and sustainable
employment. However, the Australian Prime minister Malcolm has stated that these advance
technologies should be adopted but the extent of its acceptance must be limited with the loss
of job in the economy. The deontology theory assists in maintaining the balance in society
and advancement in business and regulates the betterment of society in both paths
(McMahon, (2017).
Virtue theory
The Virtue theory reflects the key intents and benefits which must be undertaken by
the peoel for the betterment of the society at large. It is observed that the theory of virtue
reflects the inner strength of the concern person, their perception, rights, values, belief and
inherent power to handle the articulation section. In this case, there are two parties who need
to be analyzed under the virtue theory such as drivers who would be the victim from use of
advance technologies and employers of the industry who will get benefits out of this
advancement of their work process. The judgement in this case needs to be motivated by the
virtue of these both victims and employers of the industry. The Virtue theory suggests the
inner strength of the concern person, their perception, rights, values, belief and inherent
power to handle the factors and the possible negative and positive outcomes. In context with
the employers of the transport industry, they will get the benefits of increased return on
capital employed arise due to advancement of the technologies and on other side the virtue
factors also emphasis upon the negative implication of these advancement on the job of
employees at large (Mill, 2016). This theory divulges each and every person has their own
factors and values which also need to be considered while making judgments in the particular
situation. Therefore, employers and employee’s concern should be assessed before
implementing the proper judgement for the adoption of the artificial robots in place of human
beings (Resnik, 2018)

Contract theory
It is evaluated that societies and communities need to also be considered by the
organization while formulating the business decisions. Each and every person has their own
right and it must not be violated in the best interest of the society. There are several rules,
regulation and norms which need to be complied by the people and failure to meet these rules
may result to high penalties on them. The contract theory contains several rights which are
issued to maintain the peace in the society (Arthur, 2018). Breaking rules, killing someone,
rendering negative output to society and economy covered under this contract. The contract
theory has been designed to render the best possible benefits to society and economic at large.
It increases the overall outcomes to society and also results to increased value creation at
large. The right of person should be restricted to the right of other person’s loss as per the
contract theory. Therefore, judgement would be taken by evaluating the loss and benefits to
employers and employees of the transport industry (Kimuyu, 2018).
In the given case, Uber has planned to hire all of its employees under the independent
contract and make them as independent contractor. It will eventually result to eliminating of
several benefits such as annual leave, maternity leave, sick leave, minimum pay, and
protections against unfair dismissal. Therefore if these new practice is made then it will not
only result to destruction of the benefits available to them but also reduce the overall benefits
available to employees at large. Eventually, it will highly impact the society in negative
manner. As per the contract theory, judgement to take decisions should be based on the
benefits available to the society and advancement of the economy at large (Zamir, & Medina,
2017).
Conclusion
After evaluating the case, it could be inferred that the judgment practice of the
employers and employees should be assessed by using the different theories. It has four
different theories which need to be assessed to evaluate the circumstance and other benefits
available to society. This report has suggested the different aspects of the victims and accused
and analysis have been made to identify the positive and negative factors on both sides. Now
in the end, it could be inferred that each and every judgement should be analysed on the basis
of different theories and by using the different theories a person could take effective decision.

References
Arthur, J. (2018). Words that bind: judicial review and the grounds of modern constitutional
theory. Routledge.
Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., & Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2014). Ethical theory and business.
Fisher, W. (2011). Theories of intellectual property. Cambridge: Cambridge.
Fried, C. (2015). Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University
Press, USA.
George, R. P. (2017). Recent Criticism of Natural Law Theory. In Aquinas and Modern
Law (pp. 35-86). Routledge.
Kimuyu, P. (2018). Ethics of Physician Assisted Suicide.
McMahon, C. (2017). Authority and democracy: A general theory of government and
management. Princeton University Press.
Mill, J. S. (2016). Utilitarianism. In Seven Masterpieces of Philosophy (pp. 337-383).
Routledge.
Resnik, D. B. (2018). Moral Theory. In The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects (pp. 53-
85). Springer, Cham.
Solum, L. B., Galleries, L. B. S. P. P., & edu Page, M. A. (2017). Legal Theory Blog. Legal
Theory.
Zamir, E., & Medina, B. (2017). Deontological Morality and Economic Analysis of Law.