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SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND MATHS, CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY The jobs killer is coming: How driverless trucks could change Australia Assignment 3: Applying Ethical Theory Student Number Word Count:-1250
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Table of Contents Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................2 Introduction................................................................................................................................3 What is going on?.......................................................................................................................3 What are the facts?.................................................................................................................3 What are the issues?...............................................................................................................3 Who is affected?.....................................................................................................................3 Ethics Analysis...........................................................................................................................4 Utilitarianism theory..............................................................................................................4 Deontology Theory................................................................................................................4 Virtue theory..........................................................................................................................4 Contract theory.......................................................................................................................5 Ethical issue...............................................................................................................................5 Ethical implication.....................................................................................................................5 What can be done about it?........................................................................................................6 What options are there?..............................................................................................................6 Which option is best โ and why?...............................................................................................6 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7 References..................................................................................................................................8
Introduction With the changes in economic condition, there are several acts which have been facing ethical issues throughout out the time. It is observed that various ethical theories are used to evaluate the ethical issues and its empirical implication the society and environment at large. In this report, these ethical theories will assist in evaluating the case and its positive and negative impact on the society at large. These various theories will assist researchers to evaluate whether the judgement practice should be adopted or not. What is going on? This report demonstrates the ethical issue faced by employees and transport busienss owners due to the advancement of technologies and implementation of the self-drive cars. ThereareseveraltheoriessuchasVirtuetheory,deontology,contracttheoryand utilitarianismtheorywhichwillassistinmakingtheeffectivejudgementpractice (McMahon, 2017). What are the facts? The main fact of the ethical issue is related to loss of jobs available to employee due to the self-driving cars and its negative impact on the society and economic. It is observed that if these technologies are adopted then it will render company in negative manner and will also result to negative outcomes to society (Resnik, 2018). The fact of the case shows that if the advance technologies will render the positive results then it transport business owners should adopt these technologies. On the other hand, if the results are negative then the judgement practice will be assessed through the moral and ethical factors. What are the issues? The ethical issue arise due to the use of advance technologies in the transport industry. The Uber entered into the independent contract with its employees in whom it will render fewer benefits to employees and will eventually result to loss to employee. However,
the automation in technologies will decrease the cost of the services and eventually increase the overall output to clients at large (McMahon, 2017). Who is affected? In this case, employees, transport busienss owners and government will be affected in negative manner which will eventually reduce the overall outcomes to the employees. It will also affect the employment rate of the Australia which is negative indicator for the development of the economic. The Australian Federal Government will evaluate the proper judgement practice to use these advance technologies and its impact on the society and economic at large (Solum, et al. 2017). Ethics Analysis Utilitarianism theory The Utilitarianism theory showcases that the utility of the particular work which is motivated by the feeling of pleasure. In this case, transport busienss owners will take their decisions with a view to increase the overall return on capital employed. The theory of utilitarianism has reflected that the judgment practice of transport busienss owners is highly dependent upon the motivation arise from the pleasure of feeling (Ma, & Safra, 2016). Deontology Theory This theory emphasises upon the ethical and moral issue of the particular activities. Each and every person should act in the best interest of the society. The impact of adoption of the advance technologies in the transport industry have been analyzed (McMahon, 2017). The sustainability of the judgement practice implemented should be gauged on the basis of its moral and ethical outcomes towards the society.
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Virtue theory Thereareseveralintentssuchasinherentpower,habits,thinkingabilityand perception and mind-set of others. Each and every person has their own rights and divergent thinking which needs to be assessed on the basis of ethical issue. It has been observed that the Government of Australia needs to analysis the positive and negative impact on the society and environment due to undertaken judgement practice (Menzies, 2014). Contract theory The contract theory shows the applicable rules, regulation and laws which needs be complied by entities and people in the best interest of the society at large. It is observed that each and every person must use their rights for their own benefits but these right would be restricted to the loss arise to others. In this case, the ethical issue is benefits available to transport busienss owners and the negative impacts on the employees. Uber has planned to adopt the Self-driving cars to increase its overall business outcomes and at the same time it will render the negative results to employees. It will deprive employeesfrom the possible benefits and incentive plan in long run (Argenziano, & Gilboa, 2015). Ethical issue The ethical issue is arising due to the positive and negative outcomes to society and environment. Employee will have to face high unemployment rate in near future due the advancement of the technologies. At the same time, it will increase the overall outcomes toe society. Ethical implication The ethical implication will be judged on the basis of undertaken decision. It is observed that Government needs to analysis the work business on the basis of implemented business issues and implemented work program. These theories will gauge the ethical issues related to the case (Beauchamp, et al. 2014). These ethical implication shows the positive and negative impact which society will have if the decision is taken.
What can be done about it? It is observed that before implementing the decision or judgement practice, the possible benefits available to society and economic should be gauged and it needs to be compared with the negative outcomes of the decision. After that by using the different ethical theories, proper judgement practice should be used to analysis the case (Heuft, 2014). What options are there? There are several options are available to the Uber car to mitigate the ethical issues such as it could offer additional benefits program for its employees to overcome the losses arise from the independent contract. It will also use the proper rules and regulation program which will render the positive results for the society and economic at large. In addition to this, different ethical theories could be undertaken to evaluate the judgement practice.There are several options which could be considered by the Uber to increase the overall outcomes to the society. Which option is best โ and why? The best option to evaluate and analysis the judgement practice of Uber and government is to use different ethical theories. These theories will help decision maker to evaluate all negative and positive factors which might arise due to the wrong judgement practice. In this case, transport business owners must evaluate whether the adoption of the advance technologies will render more positive results to society or not as compared to its negative impact on them. It will assist in analysing the all the positive and negative impact on the society and economic of the Australia at large (Kim, & Yang, 2017). Implementing the proper decision making and base for the identified outcomes.
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Conclusion These four ethical theories are used to analysis the ethical issue and development of the action plan to mitigate the ethical and moral issues. It is observed that Uber needs to make effective work program to mitigate the issues arise due to its independents judgement practice. For keeping employees independent employees will render several negative results to employees but at the same time it will positively impact the economic and society. It is evaluated that these theories will assist in making effective judgement practice in the given case. It will assist decision maker to evaluate all the internal and external factors which may hamper the ethical and moral concern of the decision. These rights must be restricted to the extent to which it affects others.
References Argenziano, R., & Gilboa, I. (2015).Weighted utilitarianism, Edgeworth, and the market. Mimeo. Heuft, E. (2014). Alden Bell's" The Reapers are the Angels". Templeโs evilness and ethical behaviour. Kim, G. J., & Yang, M. (2017). A Study on Nurses for the Major Senior Students in Lifes Experience College.International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information,20(3B), 2039-2046. Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., & Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2014). Ethical theory and business. Ma, S., & Safra, Z. (2016). Fairness and utilitarianism without independence.Economic Theory, 1-24. McMahon, C. (2017).Authority and democracy: A general theory of government and management. Princeton University Press. Menzies, K. (2014).Talcott Parsons and the Social Image of Man (RLE Social Theory). Routledge. Resnik, D. B. (2018). Moral Theory. InThe Ethics of Research with Human Subjects(pp. 53-85). Springer, Cham. Solum, L. B., Galleries, L. B. S. P. P., & edu Page, M. A. (2017). Legal Theory Blog.Legal Theory.