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Report on Genetically Engineered Foods

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Added on  2020-05-08

Report on Genetically Engineered Foods

   Added on 2020-05-08

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Running head: SCIENCEGenetically Engineered FoodsName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
Report on Genetically Engineered Foods_1
1SCIENCEThere exists a long lasting and confusing debate over genetically engineered or modifiedfood (GMF). The genetic makeup of organisms has been altered by human being since 30,000years. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, the process of selective breeding wasfirst used to produce breeds of organisms with desired traits. Flavr savr tomato was the firstgenetically modified food developed in the year 1994 by Calgene. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)crops were approved for cultivation in 1995, to produce pesticide resistance (Hiatt & Park,2013). Golden rice was the first step taken to enhance nutrient quality of food. On the other hand,AquAdvantage Salmon was the first genetically modified animal, developed in 2015. A growthhormone regulating gene with a promoter, from Chinook salmon was genetically modified toprepare this GMO that increased its growth speed and benefitted the aquaculture industry.The major steps involved in developing GMF are: isolation of the gene of interest thatcontains the desired trait, insertion of the gene inside plants using the Ti plasmid fromAgrobacterium tumefaciens followed by its integration inside the genome. The transformed cellsare selected by antibiotic resistance and the plant performance is tested and sent for safetyassessment (Prado et al., 2014). The benefits of GMOs include production of crops that areresistant to insect, drought and herbicide. These crops show enhanced resistance to diseases.They have longer shelf life, reduce soil erosion and green house gas emissions and lead to betternutrition. Moreover, genetically modified animals show better health, resistance to diseases andbetter production of eggs, milk and meat.Transformation of agricultural organisms has been the subject of ethical dilemma sincelast century and has triggered controversies. While GMF claims to address malnutrition and foodshortage, consumers are concerned about their long term effects on human health. Some of therisks pertinent to use of GMF include nutritional changes, antibiotic resistance, toxin formation
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