Procurement Methods & Supply Chain Matters
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This report discusses the importance of planning and procurement methods in the construction industry, with a focus on the redevelopment of Millennium Mill as a sustainable building. It explores different procurement methods such as Design & Build, Management Contracting, Joint Venture, General Contracting, and Private Financing Initiative. The report also analyzes the structure of the UK economy in terms of procurement methods and supply chain matters, as well as the economic role played by civil engineering in the construction industry.
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
SECTION 5......................................................................................................................................1
1. Select & justify the best procurement method and the implementation of the innovative
collaborative procurement approach to de-risk the construction...........................................1
2. Analyse the structure of the UK economic in terms of procurement methods & supply chain
matters and the economic role played by the civil engineering in construction industry.....2
3. Quality Assurance System ensures the best practice in managing the construction of the
development and practical measures utilised by contractors to ensure a project is ‘fit for
purpose’ and best value for money’.......................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
Part C - Reflective Log and Summary Report.................................................................................5
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
SECTION 5......................................................................................................................................1
1. Select & justify the best procurement method and the implementation of the innovative
collaborative procurement approach to de-risk the construction...........................................1
2. Analyse the structure of the UK economic in terms of procurement methods & supply chain
matters and the economic role played by the civil engineering in construction industry.....2
3. Quality Assurance System ensures the best practice in managing the construction of the
development and practical measures utilised by contractors to ensure a project is ‘fit for
purpose’ and best value for money’.......................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
Part C - Reflective Log and Summary Report.................................................................................5
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION
Planning is important in nature for formulating plans and completion of work on time.
This includes about decision making in relation to different future related aspect so these can be
completed as per desirable standards. The importance of this concept is understood from the fact
that provides an opportunity in early detection of risk along with building contingencies plan.
The benefit of this aspect is ascertained in future as reduction of uncertainties and earning of
profits. In the filed of construction, planning is most important activity due to its nature. This
will provides an opportunity in formulation of building which will be sustainable and safe in
nature. The role of supply chain is also very important in development of future sustainable
buildings (Supply chain, 2020). The adoption of environment friendly transportation method
provides an opportunity in reduction of pollution and saving of cost in procurement of raw
materials. The current report is based upon the redevelopment of Millennium Mill as Sustainable
building that will ready to face everything till 2050 and provide safe premises to individuals.
This Millennium Mill is situated in southern side of the Royal Victoria Dock. The main objective
of this report is to develop or select the best procurement methods and supply chain cycles that
contributes in completion of construction in sustainable nature.
The aspects which are cover in this report includes determination of best procurement
method that fulfils all contractual obligations, exploration of innovative collaborative
procurement approach to minimise the risks associated with aspect of construction, analysis of
the artefact of UK economic in terms of acquisition methods & supply chain matters and the
economic role played by civil engineering construction industry. Also, cover about Quality
Assurance System that ensures the management of construction development and measures
which are used used by contractors to ensure that project is fit for purpose and delivers best value
for money.
SECTION 5
1. Select & justify the best procurement method and the implementation of the innovative
collaborative procurement approach to de-risk the construction.
The present project is based upon development of a commercial premise whereby the
ground floor would have shops, the first floor would have leisure and cultural space and the
remaining floors would have gym as well as residential area. In relation to any project,
1
Planning is important in nature for formulating plans and completion of work on time.
This includes about decision making in relation to different future related aspect so these can be
completed as per desirable standards. The importance of this concept is understood from the fact
that provides an opportunity in early detection of risk along with building contingencies plan.
The benefit of this aspect is ascertained in future as reduction of uncertainties and earning of
profits. In the filed of construction, planning is most important activity due to its nature. This
will provides an opportunity in formulation of building which will be sustainable and safe in
nature. The role of supply chain is also very important in development of future sustainable
buildings (Supply chain, 2020). The adoption of environment friendly transportation method
provides an opportunity in reduction of pollution and saving of cost in procurement of raw
materials. The current report is based upon the redevelopment of Millennium Mill as Sustainable
building that will ready to face everything till 2050 and provide safe premises to individuals.
This Millennium Mill is situated in southern side of the Royal Victoria Dock. The main objective
of this report is to develop or select the best procurement methods and supply chain cycles that
contributes in completion of construction in sustainable nature.
The aspects which are cover in this report includes determination of best procurement
method that fulfils all contractual obligations, exploration of innovative collaborative
procurement approach to minimise the risks associated with aspect of construction, analysis of
the artefact of UK economic in terms of acquisition methods & supply chain matters and the
economic role played by civil engineering construction industry. Also, cover about Quality
Assurance System that ensures the management of construction development and measures
which are used used by contractors to ensure that project is fit for purpose and delivers best value
for money.
SECTION 5
1. Select & justify the best procurement method and the implementation of the innovative
collaborative procurement approach to de-risk the construction.
The present project is based upon development of a commercial premise whereby the
ground floor would have shops, the first floor would have leisure and cultural space and the
remaining floors would have gym as well as residential area. In relation to any project,
1
procurement is a key stage which is crucial for a project to become successful in the long run.
The different types of methods used for this purpose are acknowledged to be Design & Build,
Management Contracting, Joint Venture, General Contracting and Private Financing Initiative
(Afriyie, 2015). They are illustrated below to understand that which method will be apt for
Millennium Mill to carry out activities associated with construction:
Design & Build: The term that is liable for illustrating procurement route where main
contractor will be appointed who will be responsible for designing as well as constructing work
in comparison to traditional contract. Within this, Millennium Mill can hire consultants who will
design development as well as contractor that will be appointed for carrying out construction
work. Here, contractor will carry out processes associated with designing, formulation of plans,
there control as well as organisation. Furthermore, here employers will give tenderers
requirements of employers and contractors will response via contractor’s proposal that comprises
of prices related with construction project. Basically, it involves two-stage tendering which
involves competitive entities along with preservation of quality (Fewings, 2013). Here, client can
bring in alterations within design as per their requirements within design stage. Within this
method design as well as construction can be carried out simultaneously. Millennium Mill can
have JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal) DB 16, ACA/2 (Association of Consultant Architects),
GC/Works 1(Government Contracts) that can be either single or two stages, and many other
contracts. Design and build gives single point of responsibility and can be utilised for simple
projects only and quality of designs is not taken into account. This implies that it may not be apt
for Millennium Mill.
Management Contracting: The procurement route where work is constructed through
wide range of work contractors who have been contracted by management contractor. In early
design process, management contractor is being hired by client so that overall cost as well as
build-ability of proposals can be enhanced. The agreement that takes place among management
contractor and client is liable for covering both construction and pre-construction activities along
with a peculiar notice among two (Jiang and Wong, 2016). Management contracting can be
crucial for Millennium Mill project as it involves different packages individually and has to be
given to best-suited subcontractor. This implies that there is probability for attaining higher
quality of delivery. This also aids client to retain control of drawing when drawing on expertise
and experience within design process. Basically, management contracting implies form of
2
The different types of methods used for this purpose are acknowledged to be Design & Build,
Management Contracting, Joint Venture, General Contracting and Private Financing Initiative
(Afriyie, 2015). They are illustrated below to understand that which method will be apt for
Millennium Mill to carry out activities associated with construction:
Design & Build: The term that is liable for illustrating procurement route where main
contractor will be appointed who will be responsible for designing as well as constructing work
in comparison to traditional contract. Within this, Millennium Mill can hire consultants who will
design development as well as contractor that will be appointed for carrying out construction
work. Here, contractor will carry out processes associated with designing, formulation of plans,
there control as well as organisation. Furthermore, here employers will give tenderers
requirements of employers and contractors will response via contractor’s proposal that comprises
of prices related with construction project. Basically, it involves two-stage tendering which
involves competitive entities along with preservation of quality (Fewings, 2013). Here, client can
bring in alterations within design as per their requirements within design stage. Within this
method design as well as construction can be carried out simultaneously. Millennium Mill can
have JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal) DB 16, ACA/2 (Association of Consultant Architects),
GC/Works 1(Government Contracts) that can be either single or two stages, and many other
contracts. Design and build gives single point of responsibility and can be utilised for simple
projects only and quality of designs is not taken into account. This implies that it may not be apt
for Millennium Mill.
Management Contracting: The procurement route where work is constructed through
wide range of work contractors who have been contracted by management contractor. In early
design process, management contractor is being hired by client so that overall cost as well as
build-ability of proposals can be enhanced. The agreement that takes place among management
contractor and client is liable for covering both construction and pre-construction activities along
with a peculiar notice among two (Jiang and Wong, 2016). Management contracting can be
crucial for Millennium Mill project as it involves different packages individually and has to be
given to best-suited subcontractor. This implies that there is probability for attaining higher
quality of delivery. This also aids client to retain control of drawing when drawing on expertise
and experience within design process. Basically, management contracting implies form of
2
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construction procurement in which client is can directly employ subcontractors directly for a
project. Main contractor will be having responsibility to manage them for making sure that work
is carried out as per desired standards. Management contractor is employed to make their
contribution within each stage as well as engage themselves with other consultants. They are
liable for furnishing advice along with expertise and a construction angle which will
affirmatively impact design as well as management of construction (Li, Arditi and Wang, 2014).
Joint Venture: It implies a commercial alliance that exists among two or more entities
which allows sharing risks as well as rewards. Here, a new business will be developed where
each entity will make their contribution in terms of resources like intellectual property,
credentials, capital, equipment and skills. It enables small firm to render large projects by
making use of their resources and expertise. Joint venture also aid larger firms within acquisition
of new resources from smaller firms. They are inspired by initiatives like PF2 (private finance
initiative). Its structure entirely depends on extent to which parties integrates there operations.
Joint venture possesses restricted liabilities of company that are liable for creating separate legal
identities from their shareholders. Partnership can be done while furnishing Millennium Mill as
this will enable them to carry out their separately or jointly through which debts of business can
be handled in efficacious way (Lopez and Love, 2012). Contractual agreement will take place
between different entities who will be working on Millennium Mill project so that they are
bound to contract which have taken place among them. It is crucial for structuring joint venture
for properly considering distinct tax issues with respect to project like private partnership (PPP)
in which joint venture will be established by public authorities.
General Contracting: This method comprises of separation of designs as well as
construction processes in which developer will be appointing design team for completion of
designs and then develop a contract with contractor of Millennium Mill for accomplishment of
construction work. The liabilities of design related with development will depend on developer
as well as designers in which contractor is responsible for rendering activities associated with
construction. It is one of the most popular methods as developer can retain control of designs.
The rationale behind taking control designs as well as contract is to make sure quality of contract
(Mason, 2017). Developments designs have to be finalised before any kind of tenders are offered
by contractors for building. This implies that designs can be adapted as per instructions altered
post-tender as it will furnish clear vision related with end products from their initialisation. In
3
project. Main contractor will be having responsibility to manage them for making sure that work
is carried out as per desired standards. Management contractor is employed to make their
contribution within each stage as well as engage themselves with other consultants. They are
liable for furnishing advice along with expertise and a construction angle which will
affirmatively impact design as well as management of construction (Li, Arditi and Wang, 2014).
Joint Venture: It implies a commercial alliance that exists among two or more entities
which allows sharing risks as well as rewards. Here, a new business will be developed where
each entity will make their contribution in terms of resources like intellectual property,
credentials, capital, equipment and skills. It enables small firm to render large projects by
making use of their resources and expertise. Joint venture also aid larger firms within acquisition
of new resources from smaller firms. They are inspired by initiatives like PF2 (private finance
initiative). Its structure entirely depends on extent to which parties integrates there operations.
Joint venture possesses restricted liabilities of company that are liable for creating separate legal
identities from their shareholders. Partnership can be done while furnishing Millennium Mill as
this will enable them to carry out their separately or jointly through which debts of business can
be handled in efficacious way (Lopez and Love, 2012). Contractual agreement will take place
between different entities who will be working on Millennium Mill project so that they are
bound to contract which have taken place among them. It is crucial for structuring joint venture
for properly considering distinct tax issues with respect to project like private partnership (PPP)
in which joint venture will be established by public authorities.
General Contracting: This method comprises of separation of designs as well as
construction processes in which developer will be appointing design team for completion of
designs and then develop a contract with contractor of Millennium Mill for accomplishment of
construction work. The liabilities of design related with development will depend on developer
as well as designers in which contractor is responsible for rendering activities associated with
construction. It is one of the most popular methods as developer can retain control of designs.
The rationale behind taking control designs as well as contract is to make sure quality of contract
(Mason, 2017). Developments designs have to be finalised before any kind of tenders are offered
by contractors for building. This implies that designs can be adapted as per instructions altered
post-tender as it will furnish clear vision related with end products from their initialisation. In
3
this, cost can be preset at the time project is started as it provides certainty for their clients and
will be able to retain control for their designs. But the time associated with this will be more as it
involves designs, tender and building approach. In case if incomplete plans are furnished to
contractors then it will lead to additional costs, delay as well as conflicts if any alterations are
made in plans many times or may be unclear for building designs (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). The
cost associated with project can also be high as there will be flexibility.
Private Financing Initiative: It is way through which public sector projects can be
financed via private sector. They alleviate taxpayers and government from immediate burden in
context of capital associated with these projects. The private firms can handle up-front cost
irrespective of government. Then project can be leased to public as well as government
authorities can carry out annual payments for private firms. These contracts can range to around
30 years or even more than that. They are being used within UK as well as Australia. Private
financing initiative is also referred to public private partnership. They are being utilised for
funding major projects like hospitals, infrastructures, prisons and schools (Pero, Stößlein and
Cigolini, 2015). The consortium is liable for rendering certain services at the time of contract
that is being furnished by public sectors. Organisation makes money via long term repayments
and interests from government. This implies that government need not to invest huge amount on
large projects at once. But termination procedures associated with this are highly critical as most
of the projects do not have secured private financing without having a prior assurance from debt
financing of project. In some termination cases, public sector may need to repay debts as well as
take ownership of projects.
For the implementation of this construction project as per the requirements, General
Contracting method is regarded to be the best method. It is a type of conventional method
whereby the contractor gives the agreement to build a design given by employer. In this contract
that takes place between the parties, the contractor is only held accountable for the purpose of
construction rather than the design. The contract price is regarded to be dependent upon a bill of
quantities given by employer, that tends to depict in numbers every domain of the project work
(Prajogo and Olhager, 2012). This method is considered to be effective and suitable as it
provides the advantage to an employer of having an independent professional in the role of the
contract administrator monitoring the project. As opposed to the other methods of procurement,
this approach is quite easy to be adopted as well as implemented. Further, it is seen that this
4
will be able to retain control for their designs. But the time associated with this will be more as it
involves designs, tender and building approach. In case if incomplete plans are furnished to
contractors then it will lead to additional costs, delay as well as conflicts if any alterations are
made in plans many times or may be unclear for building designs (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). The
cost associated with project can also be high as there will be flexibility.
Private Financing Initiative: It is way through which public sector projects can be
financed via private sector. They alleviate taxpayers and government from immediate burden in
context of capital associated with these projects. The private firms can handle up-front cost
irrespective of government. Then project can be leased to public as well as government
authorities can carry out annual payments for private firms. These contracts can range to around
30 years or even more than that. They are being used within UK as well as Australia. Private
financing initiative is also referred to public private partnership. They are being utilised for
funding major projects like hospitals, infrastructures, prisons and schools (Pero, Stößlein and
Cigolini, 2015). The consortium is liable for rendering certain services at the time of contract
that is being furnished by public sectors. Organisation makes money via long term repayments
and interests from government. This implies that government need not to invest huge amount on
large projects at once. But termination procedures associated with this are highly critical as most
of the projects do not have secured private financing without having a prior assurance from debt
financing of project. In some termination cases, public sector may need to repay debts as well as
take ownership of projects.
For the implementation of this construction project as per the requirements, General
Contracting method is regarded to be the best method. It is a type of conventional method
whereby the contractor gives the agreement to build a design given by employer. In this contract
that takes place between the parties, the contractor is only held accountable for the purpose of
construction rather than the design. The contract price is regarded to be dependent upon a bill of
quantities given by employer, that tends to depict in numbers every domain of the project work
(Prajogo and Olhager, 2012). This method is considered to be effective and suitable as it
provides the advantage to an employer of having an independent professional in the role of the
contract administrator monitoring the project. As opposed to the other methods of procurement,
this approach is quite easy to be adopted as well as implemented. Further, it is seen that this
4
method leads to creation of high quality work as hereby, the client possesses close control of the
concerned project.
2. Analyse the structure of the UK economic in terms of procurement methods & supply chain
matters and the economic role played by the civil engineering in construction industry.
The economy of United Kingdom is developed and thereby facilitates the availability of
several types of procurement and supply chain methods for construction or project management
companies. The evidence of this can also be viewed on the basis of the premise that construction
is regarded to be the biggest corporate sector within the confines of United Kingdom. This
industry has a contribution equivalent to approximately £90 billion towards the economy of the
concerned country. This industry encompasses a wide array of merchandise, services and
innovations (Akan, Dhavale and Sarkis, 2017). Procurement within UK furnishes unique services
in three distinct ways, this involves: it is largest in value which makes enhanced usage of
constrained procedures along with competitive dialogue which have been regulated through two
distinct legal systems. As per the national statistics, United Kingdom procurement system has
spent around EUR 316 billion each year which makes it largest by value. But a small amount of
this is only ESI funds which implies that procurement of EU projects may not be regarded as
representative of entire procurement system in United Kingdom.
The higher usage of constrained procedures makes this outlier as open procedures are not
being utilised within maximum projects. It is even more notable that constrained tenders are
declined in EU. But UK public bodies are in favour of restricted procedures as they are liable for
limiting number of tenderers as per contract which have occurred. This will lead to reduction
within cost by evaluation of bids which have taken place along with bidding cost for distinct
individuals (Ruparathna and Hewage, 2015). But two-stage process may take longer time frame
as compared to open procedures and may be more provisional for probable suppliers to adhere
to. This will lead significant impact on quality of submission of tenders that are required.
Administrative structure of United Kingdom creates an influence on procurement system that
possess distinct legal regimes for Northern Ireland, England and Wales. Execution of
procurement seems more decentralised. The procurement system undergoes wave of reforms.
Goal behind this is to enhance standardisation as well as centralisation of procurement at UK for
enhancement of capacities at all levels (Ruparathna and Hewage, 2015).
5
concerned project.
2. Analyse the structure of the UK economic in terms of procurement methods & supply chain
matters and the economic role played by the civil engineering in construction industry.
The economy of United Kingdom is developed and thereby facilitates the availability of
several types of procurement and supply chain methods for construction or project management
companies. The evidence of this can also be viewed on the basis of the premise that construction
is regarded to be the biggest corporate sector within the confines of United Kingdom. This
industry has a contribution equivalent to approximately £90 billion towards the economy of the
concerned country. This industry encompasses a wide array of merchandise, services and
innovations (Akan, Dhavale and Sarkis, 2017). Procurement within UK furnishes unique services
in three distinct ways, this involves: it is largest in value which makes enhanced usage of
constrained procedures along with competitive dialogue which have been regulated through two
distinct legal systems. As per the national statistics, United Kingdom procurement system has
spent around EUR 316 billion each year which makes it largest by value. But a small amount of
this is only ESI funds which implies that procurement of EU projects may not be regarded as
representative of entire procurement system in United Kingdom.
The higher usage of constrained procedures makes this outlier as open procedures are not
being utilised within maximum projects. It is even more notable that constrained tenders are
declined in EU. But UK public bodies are in favour of restricted procedures as they are liable for
limiting number of tenderers as per contract which have occurred. This will lead to reduction
within cost by evaluation of bids which have taken place along with bidding cost for distinct
individuals (Ruparathna and Hewage, 2015). But two-stage process may take longer time frame
as compared to open procedures and may be more provisional for probable suppliers to adhere
to. This will lead significant impact on quality of submission of tenders that are required.
Administrative structure of United Kingdom creates an influence on procurement system that
possess distinct legal regimes for Northern Ireland, England and Wales. Execution of
procurement seems more decentralised. The procurement system undergoes wave of reforms.
Goal behind this is to enhance standardisation as well as centralisation of procurement at UK for
enhancement of capacities at all levels (Ruparathna and Hewage, 2015).
5
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Supply chain management denotes active management for maximising customer values
as well as attainment of sustainable competitive edge. This illustrates a conscious effort which is
made by supply firms for development and running their operations within impelling as well as
effective manner. In general terms supply chain activities comprises of development of products,
logistics and production. Conventional linear illustration of supply chain involves feeding
wholesalers, retailers and manufacturers (Taggart, Koskela and Rooke, 2014). With respect to
Millennium Mill, supply chain actors can be referred to equipments, materials, trade suppliers
and construction organisation who is liable for deploying material, installation of equipments and
building users. In context of UK, supply chain is dependent on two core ideas. First includes that
each construction reaches their end users with cumulative efforts that is made by firm. Other
involves management of entire chain which involves all the activities. The organisations are
associated with each other via information and physical flows.
The construction industry of UK is largest sector as it has added up around £90 billion
and has provided around 10% employment within country. It also comprises of various factors
which creates an impact on demand. This sector within UK is known for their services such as
development and architecture of enhanced technologies that are utilised within construction like
Building Information Modelling and possess high proportion of patents (Fewings, 2013). For an
instance, in 2011 UK has exported around construction contracting for giving trade surplus of
around £590 million. The major strength of UK is exportation of architecture as well as quantity
surveying services. It involves near about 70% of total value that has been generated by
construction industry of UK. The technological capabilities possessed within construction export
are integrated with different sub-sectors. This sector plays a critical role for well being as well as
generating higher economic profits.
3. Quality Assurance System ensures the best practice in managing the construction of the
development and practical measures utilised by contractors to ensure a project is ‘fit for
purpose’ and best value for money’.
Quality Assurance System can be referred to as the comprehensive system or practice
through which a project manager ensures the implementation of a project as per the expectations
and milestones set prior to the initiation of project. Quality Assurance is considered to be integral
function which is indulged in monitoring and coordination of quality within all the stages of the
project life cycle (Jiang and Wong, 2016). When QA system is implemented, it implies the
6
as well as attainment of sustainable competitive edge. This illustrates a conscious effort which is
made by supply firms for development and running their operations within impelling as well as
effective manner. In general terms supply chain activities comprises of development of products,
logistics and production. Conventional linear illustration of supply chain involves feeding
wholesalers, retailers and manufacturers (Taggart, Koskela and Rooke, 2014). With respect to
Millennium Mill, supply chain actors can be referred to equipments, materials, trade suppliers
and construction organisation who is liable for deploying material, installation of equipments and
building users. In context of UK, supply chain is dependent on two core ideas. First includes that
each construction reaches their end users with cumulative efforts that is made by firm. Other
involves management of entire chain which involves all the activities. The organisations are
associated with each other via information and physical flows.
The construction industry of UK is largest sector as it has added up around £90 billion
and has provided around 10% employment within country. It also comprises of various factors
which creates an impact on demand. This sector within UK is known for their services such as
development and architecture of enhanced technologies that are utilised within construction like
Building Information Modelling and possess high proportion of patents (Fewings, 2013). For an
instance, in 2011 UK has exported around construction contracting for giving trade surplus of
around £590 million. The major strength of UK is exportation of architecture as well as quantity
surveying services. It involves near about 70% of total value that has been generated by
construction industry of UK. The technological capabilities possessed within construction export
are integrated with different sub-sectors. This sector plays a critical role for well being as well as
generating higher economic profits.
3. Quality Assurance System ensures the best practice in managing the construction of the
development and practical measures utilised by contractors to ensure a project is ‘fit for
purpose’ and best value for money’.
Quality Assurance System can be referred to as the comprehensive system or practice
through which a project manager ensures the implementation of a project as per the expectations
and milestones set prior to the initiation of project. Quality Assurance is considered to be integral
function which is indulged in monitoring and coordination of quality within all the stages of the
project life cycle (Jiang and Wong, 2016). When QA system is implemented, it implies the
6
execution of best practice towards the management of concerned construction project of
commercial premises (Brook, 2016).
The best cycle which exists in this regard and have huge contribution towards providence
of high quality assurance is known as PDCA. In full form, this is known as Plan, Do, Check and
Act. All the activities have their own role, functioning and importance. The best benefit of this
model of quality assurance that effective and applicable in all different kind of works. The
current work is related to the redevelopment of Millennium Mill in sustainable building. So,
application of this model in same workings is also effective towards attainment of positive result.
The detailed description is provided below:
Plan: This includes about planning of the different aspect associated with the working of
redevelopment of Mill. The aspects in respect to which plans will be made includes
deconstruction, procurement of raw materials, supply chain options, nature of materials, time
period involved, costing, different teams etc. The main motive is to outline the structure that
guides future functioning.
Do: This includes performance of work in accordance to the outlined structure. The
benefit ascertained as help in better performance due to knowing of roles and duties. For ex.,
start the constructing sustainable building (Brown and Loosemore, 2015).
Check: This is about carrying activities related to re checking of working performance
and results through comparison with planned standards. This step help in determination of
deviations along with solutions. For ex., applying performance appraisal techniques to the issues
faced by employees in construction activities along with identification of best solution.
Act: This is about the application of above determined solutions in removal of deviations.
This will provides an opportunity to gain desired results according to planned standards. For ex.,
implementation of solution to improve the performance of employees related to construction
activities.
There are many measures which are used by contractors in determination of the viability
of buildings. The measures that can be used in relation to ascertain viability of redeveloped
building are mentioned below:
Investigation of soil: This is about knowing the type of soil so the effective base will be
developed which is strong in nature and able to hold the weight of large building for many
subsequent years.
7
commercial premises (Brook, 2016).
The best cycle which exists in this regard and have huge contribution towards providence
of high quality assurance is known as PDCA. In full form, this is known as Plan, Do, Check and
Act. All the activities have their own role, functioning and importance. The best benefit of this
model of quality assurance that effective and applicable in all different kind of works. The
current work is related to the redevelopment of Millennium Mill in sustainable building. So,
application of this model in same workings is also effective towards attainment of positive result.
The detailed description is provided below:
Plan: This includes about planning of the different aspect associated with the working of
redevelopment of Mill. The aspects in respect to which plans will be made includes
deconstruction, procurement of raw materials, supply chain options, nature of materials, time
period involved, costing, different teams etc. The main motive is to outline the structure that
guides future functioning.
Do: This includes performance of work in accordance to the outlined structure. The
benefit ascertained as help in better performance due to knowing of roles and duties. For ex.,
start the constructing sustainable building (Brown and Loosemore, 2015).
Check: This is about carrying activities related to re checking of working performance
and results through comparison with planned standards. This step help in determination of
deviations along with solutions. For ex., applying performance appraisal techniques to the issues
faced by employees in construction activities along with identification of best solution.
Act: This is about the application of above determined solutions in removal of deviations.
This will provides an opportunity to gain desired results according to planned standards. For ex.,
implementation of solution to improve the performance of employees related to construction
activities.
There are many measures which are used by contractors in determination of the viability
of buildings. The measures that can be used in relation to ascertain viability of redeveloped
building are mentioned below:
Investigation of soil: This is about knowing the type of soil so the effective base will be
developed which is strong in nature and able to hold the weight of large building for many
subsequent years.
7
Checking of concrete mix: Here, checking is done regarding the quality of concrete that
able to take the load of building and suits the type of design and structure (Cooke and Williams,
2013).
Inspection of wall thickness: This is importance as help to provide security at the time of
of facing natural crises like flood and earthquake.
Presented safety equipments: This is about the determination of the places where must
needed to place the safety equipments. Also, their actual placing qualitative manner along with
proper testing.
Ensuring the quality of plaster: This will help to ensuing the quality of building that
issues are not going to arise in future related to leakage (Dim and Ezeabasili, 2015).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that all the different activities related to
construction of building has huge contribution towards increasing carbon emission and pollution.
The main reason behind the pollution is involvement of logistics related activities. The impact of
both is negative over environment and human health. There are many problems arose in
environment due to emission of carbon includes environmental degradation, poor human health,
global warming, ozone layer depletion and infertile land. The impacts ascertained by individuals
of society are poor human health, respiratory problems, skin related issues etc. This brings an
obligation over all the different organisations prevail in construction industry that adopt such
construction and logistics methods that will aid in redevelopment of building with less amount of
carbon emission and pollution. The benefits in same direction is also ascertained from using of
best procurement method that able to fulfil all contractual obligations. The importance is
ascertained as elimination of the different points of risk. The UK economic aspect is strong in
nature that supports in positive direction towards selection of best method of procurement and
supply chain. The focus over technology and electrification in this direction proved as best to get
positive results. Application of quality assurance system provides an opportunity to manage
construction related activities appropriately.
Part C - Reflective Log and Summary Report
8
able to take the load of building and suits the type of design and structure (Cooke and Williams,
2013).
Inspection of wall thickness: This is importance as help to provide security at the time of
of facing natural crises like flood and earthquake.
Presented safety equipments: This is about the determination of the places where must
needed to place the safety equipments. Also, their actual placing qualitative manner along with
proper testing.
Ensuring the quality of plaster: This will help to ensuing the quality of building that
issues are not going to arise in future related to leakage (Dim and Ezeabasili, 2015).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that all the different activities related to
construction of building has huge contribution towards increasing carbon emission and pollution.
The main reason behind the pollution is involvement of logistics related activities. The impact of
both is negative over environment and human health. There are many problems arose in
environment due to emission of carbon includes environmental degradation, poor human health,
global warming, ozone layer depletion and infertile land. The impacts ascertained by individuals
of society are poor human health, respiratory problems, skin related issues etc. This brings an
obligation over all the different organisations prevail in construction industry that adopt such
construction and logistics methods that will aid in redevelopment of building with less amount of
carbon emission and pollution. The benefits in same direction is also ascertained from using of
best procurement method that able to fulfil all contractual obligations. The importance is
ascertained as elimination of the different points of risk. The UK economic aspect is strong in
nature that supports in positive direction towards selection of best method of procurement and
supply chain. The focus over technology and electrification in this direction proved as best to get
positive results. Application of quality assurance system provides an opportunity to manage
construction related activities appropriately.
Part C - Reflective Log and Summary Report
8
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Appendix E - Reflective Logbook for Mental Wealth Competencies
Mental Wealth Description Describe the context What went well? What could be
improved? How?
Competen
cies
Digital Proficiency - (DP) The ability to use
ICT effectively; to
understand the
implications of the
proliferation of
technology and
access to
information.
This part cover about the
use of technology in
construction related
activities especially in
performance of the
activities adjoining to
procurement methods and
supply chain matters.
Also, help to understood
that how technology will
help in improvement of
performance along with
gathering of results
which are more accurate
in nature and contributes
to build effective
decisions.
The aspect that went
well with me is about
presence of large
number of
technologies
regarding the
performance of
activities like
procuring of raw
materials and settling
up of supply chain
cycles. Here, I used
the technology of TPS
that provides an
opportunity in
ascertainment of all
information that is
performed at each
stage in functioning
of procurement and
supply chain. The
benefit I gathered was
good futuristic
decision making in
attainment of
desirable result in cost
efficient manner.
The skills which is
developed in me is
related to the
application of
technology in
accordance to the
requirement of
situation. I ascertained
from the use of TPS
that attainment of
information related to
all level is important
in clearing doubts and
minimise risks along
with taking improved
decisions. This creates
the attribute in me
towards collection of
all information before
making any decisions.
Emotional Intelligence The intrapersonal
ability to identify, This cover about The aspect that well The aspect which is
9
Mental Wealth Description Describe the context What went well? What could be
improved? How?
Competen
cies
Digital Proficiency - (DP) The ability to use
ICT effectively; to
understand the
implications of the
proliferation of
technology and
access to
information.
This part cover about the
use of technology in
construction related
activities especially in
performance of the
activities adjoining to
procurement methods and
supply chain matters.
Also, help to understood
that how technology will
help in improvement of
performance along with
gathering of results
which are more accurate
in nature and contributes
to build effective
decisions.
The aspect that went
well with me is about
presence of large
number of
technologies
regarding the
performance of
activities like
procuring of raw
materials and settling
up of supply chain
cycles. Here, I used
the technology of TPS
that provides an
opportunity in
ascertainment of all
information that is
performed at each
stage in functioning
of procurement and
supply chain. The
benefit I gathered was
good futuristic
decision making in
attainment of
desirable result in cost
efficient manner.
The skills which is
developed in me is
related to the
application of
technology in
accordance to the
requirement of
situation. I ascertained
from the use of TPS
that attainment of
information related to
all level is important
in clearing doubts and
minimise risks along
with taking improved
decisions. This creates
the attribute in me
towards collection of
all information before
making any decisions.
Emotional Intelligence The intrapersonal
ability to identify, This cover about The aspect that well The aspect which is
9
Development - (EID) assess, and
regulate one’s
own emotions and
moods and to use
this information to
guide one’s
thinking and
actions,
anticipating the
consequences.
E.g.
• How to deal
with ambiguity
and uncertainty.
• Self-awareness
& self-regulation;
• developing
motivational
attitudes
• Emotional
resilience
• Ethical decision-
making
determining the ability to
assess other and use of
motivational techniques
in improvement of their
workings. This also
includes about taking of
ethical decisions in
selection of supply chain
that did not have negative
impact over environment.
The role of ethical
decision making is also
ascertained regarding the
removal of situation of
ambiguity and
uncertainty in working of
construction related
activities.
went with me is that I
have knowledge
regarding different
motivational methods.
This will provides me
the opportunity that
analyse the need of
different employees
working at different
level and satisfy their
specific needs so they
can perform with full
of their capacities and
able to attain
individual and
organisational targets.
develop in me is
related to making
ethical decisions. I
understood the
importance of valuing
the needs of others in
ascertaining their best
efforts. This builds
ethical decision
making ability
towards gaining best
results.
Social Intelligence
Development - (SID)
The interpersonal
ability to identify
& understand the
underlying
emotions of
individuals and
groups, enhancing
communication
efficacy, empathy
and influence. E.g
This cover about use of
knowledge in
identification of the
emotions and
communication efficacy
of others in performance
of effective functions
related to procurement of
materials and selection of
supply chain in
The aspect that went
well in me is related
to that I have the
attribute regarding
listening of others.
This will provides the
opportunity to
effectively listen my
teammates and then
made decisions which
The skill develop in
me related to
leadership. Listening
to other provides me
an opportunity to lead
them also by
satisfying their needs
and duties that will
aid in increment of
their performance.
10
regulate one’s
own emotions and
moods and to use
this information to
guide one’s
thinking and
actions,
anticipating the
consequences.
E.g.
• How to deal
with ambiguity
and uncertainty.
• Self-awareness
& self-regulation;
• developing
motivational
attitudes
• Emotional
resilience
• Ethical decision-
making
determining the ability to
assess other and use of
motivational techniques
in improvement of their
workings. This also
includes about taking of
ethical decisions in
selection of supply chain
that did not have negative
impact over environment.
The role of ethical
decision making is also
ascertained regarding the
removal of situation of
ambiguity and
uncertainty in working of
construction related
activities.
went with me is that I
have knowledge
regarding different
motivational methods.
This will provides me
the opportunity that
analyse the need of
different employees
working at different
level and satisfy their
specific needs so they
can perform with full
of their capacities and
able to attain
individual and
organisational targets.
develop in me is
related to making
ethical decisions. I
understood the
importance of valuing
the needs of others in
ascertaining their best
efforts. This builds
ethical decision
making ability
towards gaining best
results.
Social Intelligence
Development - (SID)
The interpersonal
ability to identify
& understand the
underlying
emotions of
individuals and
groups, enhancing
communication
efficacy, empathy
and influence. E.g
This cover about use of
knowledge in
identification of the
emotions and
communication efficacy
of others in performance
of effective functions
related to procurement of
materials and selection of
supply chain in
The aspect that went
well in me is related
to that I have the
attribute regarding
listening of others.
This will provides the
opportunity to
effectively listen my
teammates and then
made decisions which
The skill develop in
me related to
leadership. Listening
to other provides me
an opportunity to lead
them also by
satisfying their needs
and duties that will
aid in increment of
their performance.
10
• Managing your
audience
• Coordinating
with others
•
Negotiation
• Creativity
• People
management
• Leadership &
entrepreneurship
• Service
orientation
• Active listening
•Coaching &
mentoring
construction of building.
This also includes about
the aspects related to
managing the
performance of others,
negotiation, use of
creativity, leadership and
active listening of others
in effective completion of
activities.
are optimum of
nature. The different
benefits gathered
through this includes
high creativity, good
coordination,
effective management
of people and positive
leadership in right
direction. These all
aid in completion of
desirable activities on
time along with
attainment of
objectives.
The aspect of
leadership improves
the ability to
coordinate and
allowed to build more
effective connections
that have trust over
each other along with
support.
Physical Intelligence
Development - (PID)
The ability to
perceive and
optimise your
responses to
influence your
emotion, and
effect your
behaviour. E.g.
• Self-discipline &
self-management
• Attention span /
reaction &
response time
• Cognitive &
muscle memory
This covers about the
analysis of own
abilities regarding the
different aspect such as
self discipline, reaction,
stress management,
attention etc. All these
are checked against the
activities performed
related to procurement
of raw materials and
selection of supply
chain matters. The
importance of all will
The aspect that
went well is my
own high level of
attention. This
allowed me to
perform the
different activities
by consideration the
all aspects
associated with
same. It help in
selection of the best
supply chain
method that has
The skills which is
develop in me
during the
performance of
functions is stress
management. I have
attention ability but
same time stressed
due to the
performance of
many determinants.
The ability of mine
handling all in
appropriate manner
11
audience
• Coordinating
with others
•
Negotiation
• Creativity
• People
management
• Leadership &
entrepreneurship
• Service
orientation
• Active listening
•Coaching &
mentoring
construction of building.
This also includes about
the aspects related to
managing the
performance of others,
negotiation, use of
creativity, leadership and
active listening of others
in effective completion of
activities.
are optimum of
nature. The different
benefits gathered
through this includes
high creativity, good
coordination,
effective management
of people and positive
leadership in right
direction. These all
aid in completion of
desirable activities on
time along with
attainment of
objectives.
The aspect of
leadership improves
the ability to
coordinate and
allowed to build more
effective connections
that have trust over
each other along with
support.
Physical Intelligence
Development - (PID)
The ability to
perceive and
optimise your
responses to
influence your
emotion, and
effect your
behaviour. E.g.
• Self-discipline &
self-management
• Attention span /
reaction &
response time
• Cognitive &
muscle memory
This covers about the
analysis of own
abilities regarding the
different aspect such as
self discipline, reaction,
stress management,
attention etc. All these
are checked against the
activities performed
related to procurement
of raw materials and
selection of supply
chain matters. The
importance of all will
The aspect that
went well is my
own high level of
attention. This
allowed me to
perform the
different activities
by consideration the
all aspects
associated with
same. It help in
selection of the best
supply chain
method that has
The skills which is
develop in me
during the
performance of
functions is stress
management. I have
attention ability but
same time stressed
due to the
performance of
many determinants.
The ability of mine
handling all in
appropriate manner
11
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• Managing stress
& physical
resilience
be gathered in the form
of performing
effectively in right
direction.
least impact over
environment along
with cost effective
in nature.
develops the skill of
stress management.
Now, I have
confidence and self
management that
enables in
performance of
functions without
any stress and
expertise assistance.
Cognitive Intelligence (CI) The ability to
acquire, retain and
use knowledge,
recognise, pose
and solve
problems.
Attributes may
include
• Subject
knowledge
• Critical
thinking
• Complex
problem-solving
• Research,
synthesis &
analysis
This aspect cover about
the research regarding
different alternatives
associated with
determination of best
procurement method
and supply chain cycle
that help in
performance function
in sustainable manner
and have least impact
over environment. The
benefit will be
ascertained in the
manner of less carbon
emission and pollution.
The aspects related to
problem solving are
also shown that how
this will aid in creation
of better teams that are
contributing towards
accomplishing all
The aspect that
gone right for me is
having effective
research skills that
provides me an
opportunity in
determination of
best alternative
which has least
impact over
environment. This
will also provide me
flexibility where I
have multiple
choice to apply in
different scenarios.
The skills which is
develop in me due
to performance of
whole workings is
problem solving.
The ability of
researching allowed
me to find
alternative that help
in providence of
effective solution to
all that find
difficulties in
performance of
actions. The benefit
of this skill also
ascertained by me in
the form building
effective leader that
leads the different
teams from front.
12
& physical
resilience
be gathered in the form
of performing
effectively in right
direction.
least impact over
environment along
with cost effective
in nature.
develops the skill of
stress management.
Now, I have
confidence and self
management that
enables in
performance of
functions without
any stress and
expertise assistance.
Cognitive Intelligence (CI) The ability to
acquire, retain and
use knowledge,
recognise, pose
and solve
problems.
Attributes may
include
• Subject
knowledge
• Critical
thinking
• Complex
problem-solving
• Research,
synthesis &
analysis
This aspect cover about
the research regarding
different alternatives
associated with
determination of best
procurement method
and supply chain cycle
that help in
performance function
in sustainable manner
and have least impact
over environment. The
benefit will be
ascertained in the
manner of less carbon
emission and pollution.
The aspects related to
problem solving are
also shown that how
this will aid in creation
of better teams that are
contributing towards
accomplishing all
The aspect that
gone right for me is
having effective
research skills that
provides me an
opportunity in
determination of
best alternative
which has least
impact over
environment. This
will also provide me
flexibility where I
have multiple
choice to apply in
different scenarios.
The skills which is
develop in me due
to performance of
whole workings is
problem solving.
The ability of
researching allowed
me to find
alternative that help
in providence of
effective solution to
all that find
difficulties in
performance of
actions. The benefit
of this skill also
ascertained by me in
the form building
effective leader that
leads the different
teams from front.
12
goals.
Cultural Intelligence
Development - (CID)
The capability to
relate to and work
effectively across
cultures including
intercultural
engagement,
cultural
understanding and
intercultural
communication
Identity
Diversity
This aspect cover about
identification of ability in
relation to working with
people belong from
different cultures in
performance of the
functions related to
procurement and supply
chain. Also, determined
above the aspect of
intercultural
communication and its
constriction in
development of effective
team work in right
direction towards
attainment of desired
targets.
The aspect that goes
well with me in this
situation that I have
ability to made
effective
communication
with each and every
one irrespective to
belongingness. This
provides me an
opportunity to build
good teams and
perform functions
with support of each
other.
The aspect
developed in me is
related to
ascertaining the
importance of
cultural
engagement. I am
able to work with
every different
culture people. The
main reason behind
ascertainment was
communication
ability that builds
the trust of all over
me and my
workings.
Interventio
ns
Industry
Connections -
(IC)
The ability to understand and
effectively meet the expectations of
industry partners, through outputs
and behaviours.
Determining the
importance of adhering
industry standards
The thing went well is
the support of
professional in
selection of best
supply chain practice
The aspect developed in me
is related to knowledge
regarding industry standards
and importance of the
support of experts
Community
Connections -
Engagement with the external
community through employment,
Ascertaining the
importance of
The thing went well is
having knowledge
The aspect developed is
gaining of information
13
Cultural Intelligence
Development - (CID)
The capability to
relate to and work
effectively across
cultures including
intercultural
engagement,
cultural
understanding and
intercultural
communication
Identity
Diversity
This aspect cover about
identification of ability in
relation to working with
people belong from
different cultures in
performance of the
functions related to
procurement and supply
chain. Also, determined
above the aspect of
intercultural
communication and its
constriction in
development of effective
team work in right
direction towards
attainment of desired
targets.
The aspect that goes
well with me in this
situation that I have
ability to made
effective
communication
with each and every
one irrespective to
belongingness. This
provides me an
opportunity to build
good teams and
perform functions
with support of each
other.
The aspect
developed in me is
related to
ascertaining the
importance of
cultural
engagement. I am
able to work with
every different
culture people. The
main reason behind
ascertainment was
communication
ability that builds
the trust of all over
me and my
workings.
Interventio
ns
Industry
Connections -
(IC)
The ability to understand and
effectively meet the expectations of
industry partners, through outputs
and behaviours.
Determining the
importance of adhering
industry standards
The thing went well is
the support of
professional in
selection of best
supply chain practice
The aspect developed in me
is related to knowledge
regarding industry standards
and importance of the
support of experts
Community
Connections -
Engagement with the external
community through employment,
Ascertaining the
importance of
The thing went well is
having knowledge
The aspect developed is
gaining of information
13
(CC) volunteering, or participation in a
external project based activity.
employment in building
relations
abut the terms and
conditions needed to
adhere
about importance of
adhering terms and
conditions
UEL Give-Back
- (UGB)
Engagement with inhouse activities
including mentoring other students,
volunteering, acting as a student rep
or ambassador, providing a service to
another UEL department
This is about providence
of support in inhouse
activities
The thing went well is
having friendly nature
The aspect developed is
ascertainment of
opportunities though
effective participation
14
external project based activity.
employment in building
relations
abut the terms and
conditions needed to
adhere
about importance of
adhering terms and
conditions
UEL Give-Back
- (UGB)
Engagement with inhouse activities
including mentoring other students,
volunteering, acting as a student rep
or ambassador, providing a service to
another UEL department
This is about providence
of support in inhouse
activities
The thing went well is
having friendly nature
The aspect developed is
ascertainment of
opportunities though
effective participation
14
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Afriyie, B.B., 2015. Factors influencing the selection of procurement methods for construction works in Ghana (Doctoral dissertation).
Akan, M.Ö.A., Dhavale, D.G. and Sarkis, J., 2017. Greenhouse gas emissions in the construction industry: An analysis and evaluation of a concrete
supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production. 167. pp.1195-1207.
Brook, M., 2016. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor & Francis.
Brown, J. and Loosemore, M., 2015. Behavioural factors influencing corrupt action in the Australian construction industry. Engineering,
Construction and Architectural Management.
Cooke, B. and Williams, P., 2013. Construction planning, programming and control. John Wiley & Sons.
Dim, N.U. and Ezeabasili, A.C.C., 2015. Strategic supply chain framework as an effective approach to procurement of public construction projects
in Nigeria. International Journal of Management and Sustainability. 4(7). p.163
Fewings, P., 2013. Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge.
Jiang, W. and Wong, J.K., 2016. Key activity areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the construction industry: a study of China. Journal
of cleaner production. 113. pp.850-860.
Li, H., Arditi, D. and Wang, Z., 2014. Transaction costs incurred by construction owners. Engineering, Construction and Architectural
Management.
Lopez, R. and Love, P.E., 2012. Design error costs in construction projects. Journal of construction engineering and management. 138(5). pp.585-
593.
Mason, J., 2017. Intelligent contracts and the construction industry. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and
Construction. 9(3). p.04517012.
Naoum, S.G. and Egbu, C., 2016. Modern selection criteria for procurement methods in construction. International Journal of Managing Projects
in Business.
Pero, M., Stößlein, M. and Cigolini, R., 2015. Linking product modularity to supply chain integration in the construction and shipbuilding
industries. International Journal of Production Economics. 170. pp.602-615.
Prajogo, D. and Olhager, J., 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and
sharing, and logistics integration. International Journal of Production Economics. 135(1). pp.514-522.
Ruparathna, R. and Hewage, K., 2015. Review of contemporary construction procurement practices. Journal of management in engineering. 31(3).
p.04014038.
Ruparathna, R. and Hewage, K., 2015. Sustainable procurement in the Canadian construction industry: challenges and benefits. Canadian Journal
of Civil Engineering. 42(6). pp.417-426.
Taggart, M., Koskela, L. and Rooke, J., 2014. The role of the supply chain in the elimination and reduction of construction rework and defects: an
action research approach. Construction Management and Economics. 32(7-8). pp.829-842.
15
Books and Journals
Afriyie, B.B., 2015. Factors influencing the selection of procurement methods for construction works in Ghana (Doctoral dissertation).
Akan, M.Ö.A., Dhavale, D.G. and Sarkis, J., 2017. Greenhouse gas emissions in the construction industry: An analysis and evaluation of a concrete
supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production. 167. pp.1195-1207.
Brook, M., 2016. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor & Francis.
Brown, J. and Loosemore, M., 2015. Behavioural factors influencing corrupt action in the Australian construction industry. Engineering,
Construction and Architectural Management.
Cooke, B. and Williams, P., 2013. Construction planning, programming and control. John Wiley & Sons.
Dim, N.U. and Ezeabasili, A.C.C., 2015. Strategic supply chain framework as an effective approach to procurement of public construction projects
in Nigeria. International Journal of Management and Sustainability. 4(7). p.163
Fewings, P., 2013. Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge.
Jiang, W. and Wong, J.K., 2016. Key activity areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the construction industry: a study of China. Journal
of cleaner production. 113. pp.850-860.
Li, H., Arditi, D. and Wang, Z., 2014. Transaction costs incurred by construction owners. Engineering, Construction and Architectural
Management.
Lopez, R. and Love, P.E., 2012. Design error costs in construction projects. Journal of construction engineering and management. 138(5). pp.585-
593.
Mason, J., 2017. Intelligent contracts and the construction industry. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and
Construction. 9(3). p.04517012.
Naoum, S.G. and Egbu, C., 2016. Modern selection criteria for procurement methods in construction. International Journal of Managing Projects
in Business.
Pero, M., Stößlein, M. and Cigolini, R., 2015. Linking product modularity to supply chain integration in the construction and shipbuilding
industries. International Journal of Production Economics. 170. pp.602-615.
Prajogo, D. and Olhager, J., 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and
sharing, and logistics integration. International Journal of Production Economics. 135(1). pp.514-522.
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