Security Fundamental

SECURITY FUNDAMENTAL 0
Security Fundamental

SECURITY FUNDAMENTAL 1
Question 1
The term ATM refers to the automatic teller machine which is one of the modern
techniques that involve in the banking sectors. Mainly, such kind of technology requires a
personal identification number of PIN number in order to access the bank account of
consumers. This question will discuss the examples of confidentiality, integrity and
availability of the ATM machine.
Confidentiality
It is observed that for accessing the bank accounts of consumers a credit or debit is
required along with the personal identification number. The PIN number provides a platform
for accessing the debit or credit card through ATM machine and it also increases the level of
security (Asgari, et al., 2017). It is analysed that the banks also need to control and manage
the security of consumer’s accounts whenever an interaction is happening between the ATM
machine and bank network. Therefore, effective encryption technique along with the PIN
number ensures that the high level of confidentiality is controlled and managed properly.
Integrity
In this modern era, it is very important for improving and optimizing the ATM
machines in order to ensure the integrity of systems. By using integrity of system banks can
improve the privacy and security of the systems and they can be maintained the data or
information transferred from bank to consumers (Montefusco, Casar, Koelle, & Stelkens-
Kobsch, 2016). Therefore, it is argued that the authority of consumer’s accounts should be
incorporated for maintaining problems and queries related to the bank accounts of
individuals.
Availability
The frequency of automatic teller machine is completely depended on the demand of
individual and banking sectors should regularly update the accounts of consumers for
reducing the issues faced by the users. The availability of the ATM systems can influence the
use of information and communication technology and it helps banking industries for
reducing risk factors linked with the ATM machine. From a recent study, it has been found
that the unavailability of the automatic teller machine can enhance the numerous kinds of
issues and lead the dissatisfaction or unsatisfied related problems. However, the availability

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of the automatic teller machine with more efficiency and effectiveness in terms of product
and service could interconnect a large number of users at a time.
Question 2
After analysing the give question it has been found that there are a total of ten
numbers of keys present in the automatic teller machine which start from 0 to 9. In which the
consumer is required to enter the PIN numbers for accessing their bank accounts through a
debit card. Moreover, the thief took out from only five number keys so, only five major keys
are left in order to access the bank account. So, here the value of n equals to 5 and r equals to
the 4 as per the given question because PIN number contains only 4 digital numeric numbers.
This problem can be solved with the help of permutation concept in which the numbers of
permutations at a time duration is determined by the below equation
P (n, r) = nPp
Here, the value of n equals to 5 and r is equal to 4 and putting these values in the
above equation consumers can find the value of P.
So, from the above equation, it is analysed the maximum numbers of pins to be
allowed are 624 because 1 of the possible permutation is the correct PIN number of the debit
card. So, the answer to this question is 624 which do not involve the correct PIN number.
Question 3
There are following key aspects for utilizing bio-metric authentication procedure:
Accuracy issue
It is analysed the proper authentication of the consumer’s account is one of the
common problems with the implantation of bio-metric systems. Mainly, bio-metric often
becomes less efficient in terms of analysing the body parts and must be authenticated in a
proper manner (De Luca, Hang, Von Zezschwitz, & Hussmann, 2015).
Cost
The second problems linked with the bio-metric systems are more expansive and
complex for designing and implementing (Hejazi, et al., 2016). Therefore, it has been