Examining Users and Non-Users of Self-Checkout Counters in Singapore

This article discusses a study on the use of self-checkout counters in Singapore, examining the difference between users and non-users and their perception of the system. The study used a survey instrument with three sections, including questions on the perception of the system's benefits. The Cronbach alpha was used to ensure data reliability. Convenience sampling was used to select participants. The study found that self-checkout counters are popular among consumers.

Project 3 Business Research
Methods

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
1...................................................................................................................................................3
2...................................................................................................................................................3
3...................................................................................................................................................4
4...................................................................................................................................................4
5...................................................................................................................................................5
PART 2............................................................................................................................................5
Case study 1................................................................................................................................5
Case study 2................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

PART 1
1
The main aim of the article relating to examination of users and non- users relating to
self- checkout counters is the evaluate the fact that whether the retailers are getting higher rate of
productivity. This project will be outlining the fact that whether the consumer is liking the
concept of self- checkout counters for the consumers or not (Bell, Harley and Bryman, 2022).
The major research question of the study is establishing the difference between the user and non-
user of the self- checkout counters being present in Singapore. Along with this another research
question for the whole study was to analyse that whether there is any difference being present in
the user and non- user of the self- checkout counters for perceiving the various characteristics
relating to the self- checkout counters in better and effective manner.
2
A
The survey instrument being used within the current study was involving three different
sections. Within this three staged section, the first section deals with the measuring of fact that
whether the respondent is a user of the self- checkout system or not. Along with this the second
section of the survey instrument was designed to involve the use of five point Likert scale
question which aimed to measure the perception of the respondent. Moreover, the last section
that is third one dealt with the seven five- point Likert scale which included various questions
relating to the likelihood of the using the self- checkout system by the clients in better and
effective manner.
B
Particularly with the second section of the instrument, it included the questions relating to the
perception of respondent with respect to the use of self- checkout counters and its benefits. This
section is important because it will be outlining the benefit of using this system. This perception
was measured on the basis of the different dimension which includes the following-
Perceived complexity
Reliability
Fun
Relative advantage

C
The Cronbach alpha is very important to be analysed because it outlines the authenticity
of the data that it is reliable and good. In case the Cronbach alpha is more than 75 % then it
implies that the data selected is very reliable and authentic and this will be providing a proper
base to the company for the attainment of the study. It is important to include within the study
because it provides a statement of authenticity for the data and with this it can be stated that the
data selected is reliable and as a result of this the output will be precise and accurate.
3
With respect to the current study, the sample technique chosen by the researcher is the
convenience sampling. This method is particularly selected for the reason that it includes
selection of the sample in accordance to the requirement of the study and the objectives of the
study. the responses selected were random and independent as no participant was forced to
answer the survey questions.
4
A
On the basis of the demographic variables in the use of self- checkout counters the
conclusion is drawn on the basis of the p value which has been discussed in this segment. The p
value is the one with help of which the study can be tested and the result is being tested on that
basis only (Bougie and Sekaran, 2019). In the present case the p value is more than the standard
and because if this the conclusion is drawn that there is not any difference in the use of self-
checkout system.
B
With regards to the variable “Age” reads “𝜒2(4) = 4.06, 𝑝 = 0.40, 𝜙 = 0.07” here 4 means
the number of trial or the number up to which the test is being implemented for the study to be
completed.
C
By analysing the section, “Evaluation of self-checkout counters” the test results were
found statistically significant because of the reason that the p value is less than 0.01 that is p <
0.01. This simply means that there is statistical relation being present within the two variables.

5
In the end it is concluded from the article that the self- checkout counters are wide
spreading and this is providing popularity to the retailers. With the study it can be seen that many
different types of the recent study have been conducted which states that different technology
have been increased with regards to the use of self- checkout counters and this popularise its use
among the consumers.
PART 2
Case study 1
1
The frequency table for the variable Take up outlines that people not comfortable with
mobile technology is 32 whereas people who are comfortable are 55. With this it can be stated
that majority of the respondent are comfortable in using the mobile technology.
2
H0- The proportion of people consider shopping at Amazon Fresh is not greater than 50 %.
H1- The proportion of people consider shopping at Amazon Fresh is greater than 50 %.
With the help of the output it is clear that the alternate hypothesis is being accepted as the
significance value for yes option is 0.009 which is less than the standard of 0.05.
3
H0- There is not any difference being present in people considering shopping at Amazon Fresh
between the people comfortable with mobile technology and those who are not.
H1- There is significant difference being present in people considering shopping at Amazon
Fresh between the people comfortable with mobile technology and those who are not.
With the test for hypothesis it is clear that the alternate hypothesis is being accepted. The
reason for the selection is that the current significance value is 0.024< 0.05 and it implies that the
difference is being present among the people considering mobile technology with those who are
not.
4
Instead of simply comparing the sample statistics it is important for conducting
hypothesis test because it will be providing with a clear test value against which the data need to
be evaluated (Carcary, 2020). This hypothesis test provides for the perfect test value and the

significance value provides the information relating to the fact that whether the objectives have
been tested correctly or not.
Case study 2
1
The descriptive statistics outlines the fact that when person is having knowledge relating
to entrepreneurship module then the intention is low. On the other hand, the people having
knowledge of module are having more entrepreneurship intention and are motivated to pursue it.
2
H0- there is no significant difference being present in average score intention.
H1- There is significant difference being present in the average score intention.
With the analysis of the output it is clear that the significance value is 0.009 which is less than
the standard that is 0.05. Thus, this implies that there is a significant difference being present
within the average score intention relating to entrepreneurship.
3
H0- There is not any significant effect of university department over the average score of the
entrepreneurship intention.
H1- There is a significant effect being created by university department over the average score of
the entrepreneurship intention.
With the analysis of the output it is clear that university department does not create any
effect over the average score of the entrepreneurship intention (Martinsuo, 2020). This is
particularly because of the reason that the significance value is more than the standard of 0.05.
This implies that changes in the university department will not be affecting the working of the
company to a great extent.
4
The p value is the standard against which the hypothesis is being tested that is whether it
is correct or not. This is pertaining to the fact that when the p value will be provided then the
working of the hypothesis will be checked in better manner (Mitchell and Rich, 2020). This
value will also be providing a base for checking the hypothesis in correct manner.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bell, E., Harley, B. and Bryman, A., 2022. Business research methods. Oxford university press.
Bougie, R. and Sekaran, U., 2019. Research methods for business: A skill building approach.
John Wiley & Sons.
Carcary, M., 2020. The research audit trail: Methodological guidance for application in
practice. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. 18(2). pp.pp166-177.
Martinsuo, M., 2020. The management of values in project business: Adjusting beliefs to
transform project practices and outcomes. Project Management Journal. 51(4). pp.389-
399.
Mitchell, A. and Rich, M., 2020. Business School Teaching of Research Methods–A Review of
Literature and Initial Data Collection for Undergraduate Business School
Students. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. 18(2). pp.pp100-114.

APPENDIX
Table 1: Frequency statistics
Table 2: hypothesis test for RQ1
Table 3: Hypothesis test for RQ2

Table 4: Descriptive statistics

Table 5: Independent sample t test
Table 6: Anova test