Semiconductor Theory: Graphics, Computer Graphics, and Systems on Chips

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

Graphics
Graphics refer to any visual images or designs that are placed on some surface meant for the
purposes of information, illustration or entertainment. In contemporary application, it
encompasses pictorial data representation as for the case of computer-aided design and
manufactures, graphic arts as well as in recreational and education software. Computer graphics
are images that have been generated using computers and include such things as diagrams,
photographs numbers, drawings, symbols, geometric designs, typography, graphs and
engineering drawings alongside maps and other drawings. Graphics are often a combination of
color, text as well as illustration (Burns, 2016).
Graphic design may be composed of wishful selection, generation and arrangement of just the
typography as seen in flyer, website, brochure, and poster or in book materials. Clarify or
effective communication may be the main driver of the design for a given graphics and May
sought an association with other elements of culture or could be just out of an imagination of
distinctive creativity (Burns & Dewhurst, 2016). Graphics may serve to be artistic or functional
where the functional ones may be in recorded versions for example photograph or could be in the
form of an interpretation by a scientist aimed at outlining important features or an artist where
the distinction with imaginary graphics may turn blurred. It may also be used for architectural
purposes.
Computer Graphics
There exist two different types of computer graphics: raster graphics and vector graphics. Raster
graphics are graphics in which every pixel is defined separately as in the case of a digital camera
while a vector graphics are those graphics in which mathematical formulae have been adopted in

the drawing of the lines and shapes which are thereafter interpreted at the end of the viewer to
generate the graphic. The use of vectors leads to infinitely sharp graphics and mostly smaller
files (Ervin, 2016).
The initial computer-driven display in 1950 was linked to the Whirlwind I of an MIT computer
to produce simple pictures; which was then followed by a TX-0 and TX-2 of MIT, interactive
computer using that enhanced interest in computer graphics late during the year. The sketchpad
was invented in 1962 which was an innovative program that had an influenced on the alternative
interaction forms with computers (Evans, 2015). Greater research work in computer graphics
started in the middle of 1960 at MIT, Bell Labs, General Motors as well as Lockheed
Corporation. It was during then that an advanced complier language was developed for
programming of graphics. Still, during then, work began on sculptured surfaces.
With time, personal computers gained more power and thus becoming more powerful. These
computers were able to draw both the basic and complex shapes as well as perform design work.
The personal computer was then perceived as a serious tool by artists and graphic designers that
could be used in time-saving and coming up with more accurate drawings as compared to the
other methods (Ferrante et al., 2017). Further developments brought in 3D computer graphics
into the mix using powerful SGU computers which were later used in the creation of some of the
initial fully computer generated short films at Pixar. One of the most popular computer graphic
tools in the design of graphics in studios and in businesses is Macintosh.
The modern computer adopts a graphical user interface, GUI, in the presentation of data and
information using symbols, pictures as well as colors as opposed to text. Graphics forms one of
the five main elements of multimedia technology. 3D graphics gained more popularity in the late

20th century in multimedia, animation, and gaming. One of the first entirely 3D games was
released in 1996, at the same time of the release of the first full-length computer-generated
animation film. Following these developments and thereafter, computer graphics have managed
to gain more accuracy and higher levels of details owing to more advanced computers as well as
better 3D modeling software applications including Studio Max, Maya as well as Cinema 4D
(Ferreira & Pinheiro, 2018).
Screensavers is another application of computer graphics, which was initially intended to inhibit
the layout of the widely used GUIs from exploding into a computer screen. Since then, they have
evolved into actual pieces of art, with their practical purposes becoming obsolete.
Web graphics
With the introduction of web graphics, there was experienced an increase in the speeds of the
internet and the browses of the internet gained more capability of viewing more images that were
released. The websites started using GIF format in the display of small graphics including
banners, navigation buttons as well as advertisements on web pages. The modern web pages are
capable of displaying JPEG, PNG as well as SVG images in an increasing trend besides the GIFs
on the various web pages.
It is possible to make modern web graphics using such software as Adobe Photoshop, Corel
Paint Shop Pro or even GIMP. The users of Microsoft have the option of using MS Paint which
could be found to be missing in some of the characteristics. This is due to the fact that MS Paint
is more of a drawing package as opposed to a graphics package (Hester, 2017).

Uses of Graphics
Business: Graphics are normally utilized in business and financial matters to make money related
graphs and tables. The term Business Graphics was adopted into utilization in the late 1970s
when PCs ended up equipped for drawing diagrams and outlines as opposed to utilizing a
forbidden organization. Business Graphics can be utilized to feature changes over some
undefined time frame (Hu, Sha, Zhang & Chen, 2018).
Advertising: Advertising is a standout amongst the most gainful employment of illustrations;
craftsmen frequently do publicize work or consider publicizing potential while making
workmanship, to expand the odds of offering the fine art. In particular, illustrations give a decent
look to work of art at whatever point it is connected. Illustrations add to the general standpoint of
a composed craftsmanship, this thus draws intrigued individuals from people, in general, to take
a gander at crafted by workmanship or obtaining it (Hutchinson, 2017). Any graphical work
(particularly advertisement) or any masterpiece that is inadequately configuration won't influence
the group of onlookers. Consequently, for a promotion to influence and persuade perusers or
watchers, it must be very much composed with required graphical apparatuses in order to convey
benefit to the architect or publicist.
Film and Animation: PC designs are frequently utilized in the lion's share of new element films,
particularly those with an expansive spending plan
Education: Designs are vigorously utilized in course books, particularly those concerning
subjects, for example, geology, science, and arithmetic, with a specific end goal to represent
hypotheses and ideas, for example, the human life structures. Charts are additionally used to
name photos and pictures (Johnson & Rohrer, 2018).

Instructive activity is a vital rising field of illustrations. Energized illustrations have evident focal
points over static designs while clarifying a topic that progression after some time.
Political: The utilization of illustrations for unmistakably political purposes—kid's shows, spray
painting, publication craftsmanship, signal plan, and so on.— is a centuries-old practice which
flourishes today in all aspects of the world. The Northern Irish wall paintings are one such model
(Kassicieh & Jordan, 2015).
Systems on Chips
A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC) is a coordinated circuit (otherwise called a "chip")
that incorporates all segments of a PC or other electronic framework. These segments regularly
incorporate a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/yield ports and auxiliary stockpiling
– all on a solitary substrate. It might contain advanced, simple, blended flag, and frequently
radio-recurrence flag preparing capacities, contingent upon the application. As they are
coordinated on a solitary electronic substrate, SoCs expend substantially less power and take up
significantly less region than multi-chip plans with proportionate usefulness. Along these lines,
SoCs are extremely basic in the versatile figuring and edge processing markets. Frameworks on
the chip are generally connected in the territories of inserted frameworks and the Internet of
Things (Lipman & Ashlock, 2015).
Frameworks on Chip are as opposed to the normal conventional motherboard-based PC
engineering, which isolates segments in view of capacity and associates them through a focal
interfacing circuit board, so-named a "mother board". While a motherboard houses and
associates separable or replaceable segments, for example, a CPU, designs and memory
interfaces, hard-circle and USB availability, recollections (both irregular access and read just)