Causes and Indicators of Sexual Abuse Against Women: A Comprehensive Study

This presentation discusses the causes and indicators of sexual abuse against women, including alcohol consumption, power motives, and social learning theory. It also covers government initiatives, bills and legislation, and the consequences of sexual abuse, such as psychological and physical damage.

Sexual Abuse Against Women
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GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Supporting integration
 For major proportion of isolated women who have experienced severe sexual
abuse must be able to recognize and converse basic English language for
comprehending the traumatic events as crime and avail services from NGOs
before it attains the crisis point.
 The UK government has announced a new English language of which accounts
to over €20 million over this parliament in order to help at least 45,000 women in
the most inaccessible communities getting trained in necessary English
language proficiency (Chapman and Wu 2014).
 It is a priority to protect bunch of criminals affecting women, the UK government
has been supporting
 Young People's Advocate (YPA) wanted to work with such critical groups.
 Hahm et al. (2014) have stated that the UK Government will maintain to
financially aid YPAs in London, Manchester and the West Midlands by offering
direct support to vulnerable women experiencing traumatic sexual abuse events
that have been victims or have the tendency to be at risk.
 Consequently the UK government has been elevating the level of awareness of
these issues with local partners (Abbey et al. 2014).
BILLS AND LEGISLATION
 The Anti- Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act have been set up in
2014. The Act aims to:
 Criminalize compelling women to marry against their will.
 Criminalize any forms of tempt of an individual to a province of a state for the
reason of forcing them to go into into marriage.
 Identifies it as an offence to use fraudulent activity with the purpose of
causing any abused women leave the U.K for the objective of forcing that
individual to marry (Sweeney et al. 2016)
 Criminalize the violation of a Forced Marriage Protection Order.
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Reinforcing the role of health services
Abused women seek more health care services in comparison to non-abused
women recognize healthcare professionals with whom they express their emotions
and speak regarding encountered traumatic events.
Midwives, mental health treatment as well as alcohol services along with sexual
health employees as a result have been proficiently positioned in order to identify
abuse.
These professionals have the prospect to occur early and guide victims to the
most suitable statutory and non constitutional services.
The new National Health Services (NHS) of United Kingdom has recognized the
decisive role of the NHS in dealing with abusive and sexual violence events (Abbey
et al. 2014).
Thus NHS England has been expected to guarantee proficiency and identify
violence and abuse at the early stage by supporting victims to recover at the
earliest.
Reports of García-Moreno et al. (2015) have revealed that Public Health England
has funded free online guidance to enhance awareness amongst health care
experts on the basis of National Organization For Health And Care Excellence (Nice)
guidance on domestic ill-treatment.
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Social Learning Theory has posited that individuals
study social behavior by studying others' actions in
addition to the costs related to that activities, shaping
thoughts regarding behaviors which are considered as
suitable and continuing those if the consequences are
affirmative (Turner and Maschi 2015).
This assumption does not analyze hostility as expected,
but rather views it as a social behavior which is acquired
and formed by its cost, enduring if it is strengthened.
From such a standpoint, male aggression against
women undergoes in human societies bas it has been
formed both in person families and in the society more
generally and has constructive outcomes (Motz 2016).
It has been conjectured that aggressive men may be
underprovided in the competence essential for precisely
interpreting interactions from women. For example, men's
decisions of videotapes of male-female communications
have been immensely sexualized in comparison to
opinions passed by women.
REFERENCES
• Abbey, A., Wegner, R., Woerner, J., Pegram, S.E. and Pierce, J., 2014. Review of survey and experimental research
that examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and men’s sexual aggression perpetration. Trauma,
Violence, & Abuse, 15(4), pp.265-282.
• Chapman, S.L.C. and Wu, L.T., 2014. Suicide and substance use among female veterans: A need for research. Drug
and alcohol dependence, 136, pp.1-10.
• García-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A.F.L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M. and Feder, G., 2015. The health-
systems response to violence against women. The Lancet, 385(9977), pp.1567-1579.
• Hahm, H.C., Gonyea, J.G., Chiao, C. and Koritsanszky, L.A., 2014. Fractured identity: A framework for understanding
young Asian American women’s self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Race and social problems, 6(1), pp.56-68.
• Heise, L., 2018. Violence against women: the missing agenda. In The health of women (pp. 171-196). Routledge.
• Lewinson, T., Thomas, M.L. and White, S., 2014. Traumatic transitions: Homeless women’s narratives of abuse, loss,
and fear. Affilia, 29(2), pp.192-205.
• Motz, A., 2016. The psychology of female violence: Crimes against the body. Routledge.
• Sweeney, A., Clement, S., Filson, B. and Kennedy, A., 2016. Trauma-informed mental healthcare in the UK: what is it
and how can we further its development?. Mental Health Review Journal, 21(3), pp.174-192.
• Turner, S.G. and Maschi, T.M., 2015. Feminist and empowerment theory and social work practice. Journal of Social
Work Practice, 29(2), pp.151-162.
INDICATORS ASSOCIATED WITH WOMEN SEXUAL ABUSE
Sexual violence and rape have been identified as crimes of violence and civil
regulation which develop from an individual's determination to exercise dominance
over women (Sweeney et al. 2016).
Lewinson, Thomas and White (2014) have noted that neither provocative attire
nor promiscuous behavioral patterns are recognized as potential invitations for
unwanted sexual activity.
Compelling women to engage in non-consensual sexual activity has been
identified as a sexual assault despite of the way a person dresses or acts (García-
Moreno et al. 2015).
Majority of sexual abuses and rapes have been committed by someone known to
the victim.
Reports on sexual victimization by authors have revealed that approximately
90% of victims have been aware of the identities of the offender.
Victims of sexual abuse reveal a spectrum of responses to the violence which
primarily involved panic, rejection, lack of concern, apprehension, nervousness,
calm and shock.
This reaction to the abuse and the length of time required to process to the
experience tend to vary with each individual (Lewinson, Thomas and White 2014).
However suppositions regarding the way a woman would act responsive towards
the abusive event may be detrimental to the victim as each victim has varied ways
of dealing with sexually abusive events.
CAUSES OF WOMEN SEXUAL ABUSE
Alcohol
Every type of aggressive activity constitutes a higher percentage among
individuals who have been indulged in alcohol consumption. Alcohol use is reported
in between 27% to 85% of events of sexual violence against women and up to 75%
of acquaintance rape (Abbey et al. 2014).
Comprehensive study relates alcohol consumption to physical aggression even
though alcohol use patterns have been similarly related to other factors such as
witnessing physical or sexual abuse against women in an individual's home of origin.
Heise (2018) has found a inherited basis for alcohol abuse along with alcoholism
in addition to antisocial personality traits which have typically been observed among
sexual abuse offenders.
Power motives
Sexual abuse against women has been universally assumed to be stimulated by
needs to dominate women.
Such a perspective has pretended the illustration of a powerful man who uses
abusive behaviour in opposition to women as means to sustain dominance.
However research suggests that such relationships tend to comprise high
complexities.
Authority and control over women regularly cause intimate partner sexual abuse.
However the reason of the violence tends to be in reaction to men's approach of
subjection and incompetence to recognize rejection (Lewinson, Thomas and White
2014).
CONSEQUENCES
Psychological damage
Victims of sexual abuse and rape display range of psychological symptoms
comparable to victims of other types of suffering such as hostilities and natural
disaster.
Subsequent trauma or distressed events, several victims of sexual abuse experience
apprehension, denial, disbelief and denial (Chapman and Wu 2014).
Sexually abused women according to Hahm et al. (2014) in due course show
dependence and difficulty in undertaking long-term planning and decision making.
Sexually abused women have been found to be excessively suffering from depression
fear and views of suicide as well as suicide attempts.
Reports of García-Moreno et al. (2015) have disclosed that around 15% of rape victims
have suffered from severe depressive disorder at some point in their lives in
comparison to only 5% of non-victims.
Physical consequences
Sexual abuse and rape have severe health impact which extends beyond the
emergency period.
Reports of Chapman and Wu (2014) have revealed that victims of severe sexual
assault tend to experience higher rate of symptoms of physical and psychological
illness in comparison to non-victimized women.
Sexually abused women victims in comparison to the non victimize women show the
propensity to report both medically explained as well as mentally unexplained
symptoms.
As a result, rape as well as sexually assaulted victims seek out more medical care in
comparison to the non victims.