Data Collection Methods in Research

The assignment discusses various data collection methods such as structured interviews, questionnaires, and naturalistic observations in different research scenarios. The article highlights the benefits of these methods, including their reliability and validity. For instance, structured interviews can provide accurate information about patients' responses in a clinical setting. Questionnaires can efficiently measure people's behavior on helping others, while naturalistic observations can directly measure babies' search behavior for hidden objects. The article also evaluates the reliability and validity of each method, concluding that interview methods are highly reliable and valid due to their ability to collect accurate data directly from patients.

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Question 1
1. In this situation, the structured interview can be beneficial for the clinical. With the help
of structured interview, he can immediately measure the responses of patients. With the
help of their responses clinician able to take immediate actions towards their treatment
(Time, 2012). Conducted structured interview provide accurate information about the
patient in the least time period.
2. Effect of gender on helping behavior in a train carriage can efficiently be judged by
questionnaire analysis. A psychologist can prepare a questionnaire to obtain the response
of people on his topic. In this for collecting the information the psychologist can choose
sample size as per his wish which he thinks suitable for it (Patten, 2016). On the basis of
response, he can easily measure the effect of gender on helping behavior. Data collection
through Questionnaire provide high accuracy of collected data, and efficiency of outcome
drawn from data is completely depends on skills of a psychologist.
3. The number of times the babies would search for an object hidden from view can
efficiently judge with the help of naturalistic observation. With the help of observation
the researcher able to measure the babies behavior directly by his own observation. It is
sure that the researcher is able to receive accurate data with which right outcome can be
drawn.
4. If the researcher wants to record the use of telegraphic speech by children, it can be
efficiently done through structured interview research. With this, the researcher can
directly measure the behavior of children in their homes (Taylor, 2015). Through this, the
researcher can easily draw a conclusion about the use of telegraphic speech by children.

The structured interview gave a brief and required information which can be efficiently
utilized by researchers to measure the outcome of their studies.
Question 2
Evaluate both the reliability and validity of the research method being used. In your answer
make sure that you relate to the piece of research above
Evaluate mean advantages and disadvantages of both the reliability and validity of the research
method being used. In your answer make sure that you relate to the piece of research above
In this research, the psychologists utilize the interview method for collecting the response of
patients. It is a popular and widely used means of collecting required data. With the help of this
method the psychologist able to collect data directly from the patients. Interview method is
highly reliable because it helps the psychologists to obtain a special kind of information and
investigates what is going on in the mind of the patient. It means that the psychologists cannot
observe the respondents thinking and feelings so that interviewing is a key to understanding how
and what patient interpret and perceive about the doctor services. By utilizing interview method
the psychologist able to collect in-depth information on which they can draw accurate outcomes.
With the help of interview the researcher able to measure the perception of patients on the basis
of which they can provide ratings to their own result (Galletta, 2013). The outcome drawn by a
psychologist is highly accurate because data is directly collected from patients. It can be
concluded that the interview method is higher validity because it is designed specifically to
examine the perception of patients. Due to this, the psychologists are able to collect accurate and
reliable data on the basis of which doctor recall can be efficiently measured by psychologists.

References
Time, C. (2012). Data Collection Methods. Review of Sociology, 17, 225-249.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Patten, M. L. (2016). Questionnaire research: A practical guide. Routledge.
Galletta, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: From research design
to analysis and publication. NYU Press.