Country Epidemiological Profile of Sierra Leone

This report discusses the healthcare impact on Sierra Leone and its condition. It provides a country profile regarding healthcare issues, including malaria, which is one of the main healthcare issues for Sierra Leone that needs to be improved and controlled for a better and healthy country.

Country epidemiological profile
of Sierra Leone

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
There is a healthcare facility where individual need to perform better healthcare practices
to take population more healthy. For this, there is need to collect the information about the
country for dynamic profile. This can help you identify the health-related issues within country
that create huge impact on the country health. This can prevent health issues and provide better
health care services to the country. In this, there is discussion about the Sierra Leone where
healthcare system are not dynamic and have different health related issue which are causing
issues in proper development in economy and health. There are different issues like malaria,
diarrheal diseases, stroke, lower respiratory infections and many others that country is
experiencing. There is a country profile that describe about the country health and should
through various data it explains the dynamic effect of healthcare on the country population. In
this report, there is discussion about main health care issues and barriers which describe the
information about the impact of the health care services on country population.
MAIN BODY
Sierra Leone is a Republic of Sierra Leone informally Salone (1). This is the country on
South West Coast of West Africa. It is broad from Guinea of the north east to Liberia to the
southeast. It has a tropical climate with diverse environment having area of 71,740 kilometre per
square. Sierra Leone has total population 64,53,000 and have a gross national income per capital
is 1 (1). It has also the life expectancy at birth male/female is 49/51. This country has the
probability of time between 15 to 60 years male/female of 422/403 per 1000 population. Total
expenditure on Healthcare per capita is 224 which was estimated in 2014 through the World
Health Organisation. According to World Health Organisation total expenditure on health is
about 11.1 % of the total GDP calculated in 2014 (4).

This country has the prevalence rate of P. falciparum, P.ovale, P. malariae within 0-7
year ole children. In current life expectancy at birth male and female in 2019 is 59/61. Sierra
Leone is the country have a health profile that provide an overview of the situation along with
their trends of priority health problems. This also provide information about the health system
profile including institutional framework description. They also provide key issue and challenges
with the trends in National response (5). They promote evidence-based health policy making
through using rigorous and comprehensive analysis of health situation dynamics for their better
health care system (8).
There are various health related issues which includes antimicrobial resistance, Cholera,
Ebola virus disease, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, maternal Health, measles, mental health, Monkeypox,
non-communicable diseases, nutrition, polio, tuberculosis, yellow fever, Zika virus and others. In
this there is one of the main health issue is Malaria which is highly effective in this country and
needs to be minimized to provide better life expectancy to this county (9). In this, there are many
healthcare issues which have a high impact on the country mortality and morbidity (2). There is
high impact of history which plays role in reducing the speed of development for the country
health (4).

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the issue for this country where microorganisms alike
virus, fungi, bacteria and parasite are exposed to antimicrobial drug like antibiotics. They
develop antimicrobial resistance which are also referred to as superbugs. In this a result
medication get ineffective and infection persistent within body due to increase in the risk of
spread to others (7).
Due to not economic developed country, there is low level of a health care system which
is not able to provide effective health care system to their population. This create difficulty to
deliver quality healthcare and improve their country economic and health empathy. Medical care
are not readily accessible (8). There are many villages were not able to access to a hospital or
doctor. There are very few villages how are getting free health care (6). This is a country in
which due to economy, they are not able to pay their medical staff effectively. There is poor pay
and sometimes no pay. There are no formal emergency medical services previously. In present
time, they have made some emergency formal medical services that can help to provide
emergency care to essential health coverage (5). There were also 10,000 community member that
can deliver healthcare services and first aid kit for providing emergency healthcare services to
their population.

Malaria is estimated about 2.2 million are patient where about one million patient are less
than five years old. There are various health related issues to this country where there are many
difficulty to deal with the different other diseases. Healthcare structure are not able to provide
better healthcare services that can help to minimize the negative result of not getting healthcare
services data (9).
Before civil war, there was most health and welfare services operated by the central
government and few hospitals where belong to the mining company, doctors and religious
society which shows the impact of healthcare services accessibility within country. It was needed
to demonstrate the healthcare services more effectively for providing better healthcare services.
There was also acute shortage of medical equipment, medication, supplies and medical
professional who can share their contribution to managing better health for the country. Life
expectancy is lowest in the world where minister of Health and sanitisation handles the
eradication of malaria and another infectious disease (8). There is a low life expectancy due to
quality of healthcare impact. There is also need to ensure about the better health by influencing
higher authorities to take care about the health care services that can provide better benefit to the
population and make the population and country healthy (5).

Malaria is endemic within country which is a problem of entire population that create a
risk of exposure due to unstable malaria endemicity. This country has high Malaria disease
burden where 48% of outpatient morbidity along with 38% of mortality within children, younger
and others. This is a prior healthcare issue where controlling Malaria is the priority within
coutnry. A multi-pronged strategy has been used to control malaria along with using of vector
control and prevention, treatment, diagnosis testing and training manual within community and
creating awareness that can help to reduce the risk of getting Malaria within the large population.
According to World Health Organization, 80% of the population have the appropriate knowledge
about Malaria prevention and management. There are large number of the population who are at
risk and not able to access to healthcare services due to not having proper system of healthcare
within the country (3).

Malaria is one of the main cause of death and illness within Sierra Leone where different
method and innovation has been used to reduce the impact of Malaria cases. There are children
under five are high risk of malaria and susceptible to infection where the mortality rate is about
20% within child. Country has achieved vast declination in the Malaria death which is between
2010 and 2015. Due to adopting range of intervention, help to decrease the cases of malaria and
its impact. Due to adopting diagnosis test, free treatment and mass contribution of insecticides
treatment nets provide a falling in mortality rate (1).
CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it can be concluded that Sierra Leone has not a better healthcare
structure and need to improve their health care system that can have high potential to deliver
quality service and better access to the large population for better health. Malaria is one of the
main issue for this country which have high impact on that and illness within country. In this
report, there is a discussion about the healthcare impact on the country and its condition. There is
also discussion about various mortality and mortality rates that can provide a country profile
regarding healthcare issue. Malaria is one of the main healthcare issue for Sierra Leone that
needs to be improved and control for better and healthy country.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
1. Hutain and et. al., (2019). Engaging communities in collecting and using results from verbal
autopsies for child deaths: an example from urban slums in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Journal
of global health, 9(1).
2. Shibre, (2020). Extent of and trends in inequalities in child stunting in Sierra-Leone from
2005 to 2013: evidence from demographic and health surveys and multiple indicator cluster
surveys. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19, 1-10.
3. Nwosu, (2020). Sociodemographic profile and clinical determinants of prediabetes among
adults at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Family
Practice, 11(2), 27-37.
Online
4. Sierra Leone, (2021) [Online] Available through <https://www.afro.who.int/countries/sierra-
leone>
5. Epidemiological Data Management during an Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease: Key Issues
and Observations from Sierra Leone, (2016) [Online] Available through
<https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00163/full>
6. CDC in Sierra Leone, (2021) [Online] Available through
<https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/sierra-leone/default.htm>
7. Prevalence and socio-demographic associations of diet and physical activity risk-factors for
cardiovascular disease in Bo, Sierra Leone, (2021) [Online] Available through
<https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11422-3>
8. Constitutional framework, (2021) [Online] Available through
<https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone/Government-and-society>
9. A Household-Based Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Awareness and Practice
Regarding Malaria in Western Area Rural District, Sierra Leone, (2021) [Online] Available
through <https://www.afro.who.int/news/tackling-malaria-sierra-leone>