Significance of Blood Groups in the Human System

This presentation explores the significance of blood groups in the human system. It discusses the importance of the Rh factor determination in preventing medical conditions like erythroblastosis foetalis. It also delves into the biochemistry of ABO antigen production and the frequency of blood groups in different communities worldwide. Additionally, it examines the variations in frequency and risks of disease development in ethnic populations. The genetics of the ABO blood grouping system and the procedures involved in ABO grouping are also discussed.

SIGNIFICANCE
OF BLOOD
GROUPS IN THE
HUMAN SYSTEM
NAME OF THE STUDENT:
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY:

INTRODUCTION
Blood group is defined the
classification of blood which is present
on the presence and absence of
antibodies (Zhang et al., 2017).
Blood groups also depends on the
inheritance of the antigenic substances
on the surface of blood cells.
Combinations of antigen-antibody
reactions give rise to various blood
groups.

TYPES OF BLOOD
GROUPING
METHODS
ABO Blood
Grouping
Rh factor
determina
tion
n-antibody reactions for the four blood groups
ood-group-typing-market-research-segmentation-demand-development-forecast-2023, 2019)

IMPORTANCE OF THE RH FACTOR
DETRMINATION
• Erythroblastosis foetalis is a medical condition
resulting between incompatibility of blood types
of women who is pregnant as well as her fetus.
• It happens when women is Rh negative and the
fetus is Rh positive due to which the antibodies
inside the mother kills the Rh positive antigens
of the fetus causing anemia.
• Thus Rh factor recognition is important for the
determination of the Rh type for prevention of
the disease (Wu et al., 2015).

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ABO ANTIGEN
PRODUCTION
Chemica
l
constitu
ents of
Blood
groups
Antigen A- Presence
of N acetyl-
galactosamine
Antigen B Presence
of Galactose
Blood group O-
Modification of H

FREQUENCY OF THE
BLOOD GROUPS IN
VARIOUS
COMMUNITIES
ACROSS THE WORLD
(Blood around the World | FIODS / IFBDO, 201

FREQUENCY VARIATIONS AND
RISKS OF DISEASE
DEVELOPMENT IN ETHNIC
POPULATIONS
Click icon to add picture
• According to Wang et al (2015), results from single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have found that
people with blood group O have reduced risks of
cancer and thromboembolic disease.
• In people with blood group O, people in new
Papua Guinea do not suffer from malaria Because
RIFIN, a protein secreted by parasites binds
weakly to the surface of the blood cells of blood
group O due to absence of any antigen.
(ABO Blood Group Labeled Diagram
Stock
Vector & Diagram, 2019)

GENETICS OF THE ABO BLOOD
GROUPING SYSTEM
Source: (ABO blood group transfusions, 2019)

DISCUSSION OF ABO GROUPING PROCEDURES
• Reverse blood groups are used for
confirming the ABO blood groups which
is based on the absence and presence
of anti-a or anti-b red cells. This method
is not performed on infants below 4
months of age due to the lack of
synthesized immunoglobulin Noiphung
et al (2015).
• ABO testing is a two part process, so
the person’s red cells for the A or B
antigens are used for testing serum or
plasma samples for the ABO antibodies.
• In forward grouping, there is mixing of
the red blood cells with manufacturer

CONCLUSION
• The ABO and the Rh grouping system is based on the
agglutination reactions between the antigens and the
anti-sera. The reaction is shown through the presence of
successful lumping of the blood cells.
• Among the two methods of blood grouping used,
forward and reverse blood grouping methods have been
useful in the detection of the ABO antibodies in the
serum of the patient.
• Thus the ABO grouping system and its prevalence along
with the distribution among populations helps in the

REFERENCES
A lot of old blood types as AB. 2019. MUST READ: A lot of old blood types as AB: Not Exactly.
Retrieved from
https://shroudstory.com/2012/02/16/must-read-all-old-blood-types-as-ab-not-exactly/
ABO Blood Group Labeled Diagram Stock Vector, B., & Diagram, A. 2019. ABO Blood Group
Labeled Diagram
Stock Vector - Illustration of medical, labeled: 41451229. Retrieved from
https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-abo-blood-group-labeled-diagram-
image41451229
ABO blood group transfusions. 2019. ABO blood group transfusions. Retrieved from
https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/ABO_bloodgroup_transfusions.html
Blood around the World | FIODS / IFBDO. 2019. Blood around the World | FIODS / IFBDO.
Retrieved from http://www.fiods-ifbdo.org/blood-around-the-world/
blood-group-typing-market-research-segmentation-demand-development-forecast-2023.
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segmentation-demand-development
-forecast-2023/5bacc8c873a9c90009f45cfe
Wang, H. D., Wu, D., Feng, Z. Q., Jing, Z. A., Li, T., Guo, Q. N., ... & Zhang, H. (2014).
Genetic polymorphisms of 20 short tandem repeat loci from the Han population in Henan,
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Yu, H. C., Wu, J., Zhang, H. X., Zhang, G. L., Sui, J., Tong, W. W., ... & Lv, L. X. (2015).