Assessing the Volume of Import in the UK

This assignment assesses the volume of import in the UK by presenting a detailed analysis of various references related to the topic. The sources provided offer insights into different aspects of international trade, including optimal control of inventory systems, non-neutral federal regulatory policy on competition, and stakeholder management theory meets CSR practice. The references also cover topics such as Soviet taxation, regional economic outlooks, and fiscal and monetary policy rules in an unstable economy. Overall, the assignment aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the volume of import in the UK by exploring various theoretical and practical perspectives.

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Business Environment
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Business Environment
Table of Contents
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Primark and its purpose in the following categories..............................................................3
1.2 Extents to which Primark meets the objectives of its different stakeholders (internal,
external).............................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Responsibilities of Primark as an organisation and the strategies employed to meet them....7
Task 2....................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Types of Economic system operated in the following countries..................................................9
2.2 Impact of Fiscal and Monetary Policy.......................................................................................10
2.3 Impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of Primark....11
Task 3..................................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Explain how pricing and output decisions of businesses is determined in the following market
structures.............................................................................................................................................13
3.2 Illustrate the way in which market forces (demand and supply) shape organisational responses
using a range of examples (diagrams are essential).............................................................................14
3.3 Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected organisation
.............................................................................................................................................................17
Task 4..................................................................................................................................................19
4.1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations................................19
4.2 Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations..............................................20
4.3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations.................21
References...........................................................................................................................................23
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Task 1
1.1 Primark and its purpose in the following categories
There are different kinds of organisations with different structural frameworks and purposes.
They are categorised based on the legal structures and formations; they are as follows:
 Sole Traders: The organisations which are owned by a single owner. They are the sole
proprietor and manager of the business. It is a common trend in the U.K. The main
purpose of the sole traders is either to make money and provide liquidity to the
different service clients. It also aims to make money through the process or the proper
execution in order to save money.
 Limited Company: The companies that are run with as association of shareholders
from the board of directors. These corporations are separated into public and private
companies. Companies of Public limited do not suggest their portion to the
overallcommunity, but isolated limited businesses do so. When it comes to the limited
companies, they have certain object clause that defines the organisation’s aims along
with the purposes. If the organisation is a social enterprise, then it is necessary for
them to relate to the different social and the environmental objectives such as
providing training to those people who are disadvantageous in the labour market.
 Partnership: When a business or a company owns by two or more than two owners is
known as Partnership. Here they share the profits with each other for the sake of
doing business. All the arrangements of the business should be signed by both the
partners. The purpose of the partnerships should be the sales along with the design
and the installation of the new system. Along with that, the partnerships can get
engaged in any other business that depends on time and it can be done by the majority
of the votes that are gathered from the general partners.
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 Franchise: It means when someone has the authority to use a company’s business
model for a particular time span, that known as Franchise. Here an agreement should
be signed between the main company and the authorised person. It is a kind of method
of marketing the different goods. However, franchising is not an industry. It mainly
uses the concept for marketing standards. The main purpose of the franchising
principle to separate each industry that involves the mixture of the different
ingredients in order to produce the proper product.
 Cooperative: Public corporation comes to cooperative business to fulfil the needs of
society. The purpose of the cooperative organisations is to established by their
members. The purpose needs to be decided in terms of the specific results that the
members want their enterprise in order to achieve on their behalf.
Vision, Mission and Aim: Primark is mainly aimed at young people. They have been offering
greaterfashion and quality trends at the worth of their cash. Primark has developed a strong
consumer proposition. Primark’s tagline is “Looking good, wagefew”, thatconnects its value-
oriented service. Primark also offers a goodproduct to their consumers at worth for currency.
The Primark’s mission is to supply value,merchandise and class clothing at the worth
declared. It also focuses on product market quality, target market, good locations, and larger
store fit. Primark has a family of brands with the high way retailer. The aim of Primark is
buying, logistics and supply chain management rather than branding. Primark maintains their
standard ethics by ensuring a comfortable and healthy workplace for its employees and staffs.
Public Sector National Health Services): Primark visions to develop the healthy community.
They provide the sustainable environment in collaboration with other helping partners and
ownerships.
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Charity (British Red Cross): Primark aims to support people in emergency need and to teach
them techniques to overcome fear so that they can act in an emergency situation.
Cooperative (Daily Bread Cooperative): They are the specialised whole food packers and
sellers that hold the responsibility for fair trading.
1.2 Extents to which Primark meets the objectives of its different stakeholders (internal,
external)
Stakeholders directly or indirectly are the interested parties associated with the company.
They act as the most important group of people(Fryzel, 2011). Internal and External
stakeholders for Primark are like owner, employees, shareholders, customers, manufactures,
and suppliers.
Internal Stakeholders: A business should be carried forward by a group of passionate,
enthusiastic, dedicated people, who are dedicated to bringing quality excellence and results
can be seen in all operations within the company(Fryzel, 2011). That’s why internal
stakeholders play a significance role for business. Primark embodied a tagline “Equal
Opportunity Policy”. According to this, everyone gets equivalentfortuitous to produce or
growthfor the organisation.
External Stakeholders: External stakeholders includes customers, suppliers or investors.
They can be influenced by a company, but they are not the members of it. Primark does not
promote their service or products because they have straightannouncement with the
purchasers. Consumers are known as the dependable source of a company’s advertising(Dale,
2016).
Primark put their stocks to get back to their stakeholders, as there is a certain pressure by
campaign and media to adjust the topics like child labour or wages. As per ETI report 2009,
‘Primark supposed to be realisingmaintainabledevelopments in employedcircumstances, and
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admiration for employeeprivileges by appointment withtrade unions,suppliers, customer and
governments. These actions o beyond its supplier assessment programme.’’
Stakeholders Explanation Objectives
Employees
The most important bunch
of stakeholders who
manages all the company
works and ensures
appropriate supply of
products in the market.
The objective of Primark is
provided them job security
and satisfaction by paying
them according to their
performance.
Suppliers
The ones who supplies the
goods and services of the
company in the market.
The company ensures to pay
a fair deal to the suppliers so
that both the parties do not
arise to any grievances and
work smoothly.
Customers
They are the ones for whom
the company works and
thus, fulfilling their
requirement is the most
important agenda of the
company.
Providing quality products
at fair prices to create
demand and satisfaction of
the customers is the
objective of Primark.
Workers
Workers are the key players
who create value for
products, and they deal with
the suppliers and
manufacturers.
CSR policies were
introduced in Primark to
ensure health and safety
works of the workers and
improving the quality of
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living standards.
1.3 Responsibilities of Primark as an organisation and the strategies employed to meet them
Responsibilities of Primark: The main tasks of Primark are as follows:
 Developing the policies that are related to the legislations of work services and
company rules are necessary. Avoiding the illegal activities and application of the
policies so as to avoid such acts is important for the company to exercise. The
company should adopt fair practices and avoid frauds as they are punishable offence
by the judiciary.
 Fulfilling the demands and needs of the stakeholders associated with the company is
one such responsibility of the company. Providing fair pay, job satisfaction in
workplace and return of capital shares to the stakeholders falls under the sole
responsibilities of Primark.
 Social responsibility is one of the most significant responsibilities of Primark, which
continues to the development of the society along with the business it is opening by
adapting CSR activities or protecting the interest of the society and growth of the
market.
CSR Stakeholder and the strategies they meet, ethical consideration:
Many companies fail to maintain a good CSR to a business which effects the company as a
whole. A good CSR can help a company to build a positive impact on environment,
consumers, stakeholders, employees and communities(Wolf, 2011). Social or environmental
goals can be achieved with the help of a good CSR. These types of businesses can be known
as Social Enterprises, where they try to fulfil its financial targets by minimising any negative
impact on society or environment(Ranängen, 2016).
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Primark is a multinational company headquartered in Dublin. Primark had a negative image
due to their irresponsibility of using CSR(Wolf, 2011). According to an investigation, they
were labelled with using child labour. It was compromising with Primark’s ethics. This
reduces the number of customers as well as affected their reputation in the market. Thus the
reputation got affected due to the lack of CSR.
A person interested in the business is called a stakeholder. They have some contributions to
the company's growth and success. Customers, Suppliers, and Employees are the three most
important stakeholder, as they fulfil the need by providing good service to the
customers(Ranängen, 2016). It makes the profit for Primark. It also helps to make a
sturdyassociation between stakeholderand company. Staffs are also known as one of the
keyinvestors of Primark. Because they are accountable for specified task in the company’s
considered plan in a proper way. So the staffs should display a decent level of approach and
attitude towards the consumers, as the status of a company is also deceits on the staffs.
Primark has its ethical consideration. It has set its code of conduct. This applies to the dealers
and engineering for them. They are as follows:
 No child labour
 No discrimination while choosing employee
 Living wages are paid
 No harsh or inhuman treatment
 No extra working hours
Primark’s Strategies:
The value of conduct has different scenarios introduced in the company. Every scenario has
developed individual policies for employees, workers. It ensures equal treatment and fair
payment system to everyone. Primark adopted various CSR Programmes in the past to
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maintain the dignity of the organisation. It was possible after applying the ethical practices in
the workplace. HER project is an important factor that helps to enhance the ethical objectives
of Primark. But the company has to work on it. It is first launched in Bangladesh, which
mainly educates women workers.
Task 2
2.1 Types of Economic system operated in the following countries
There are different types of economic systems that countries have adopted to use their
resources(Holzman, 2013). These provide a great framework for the company in allocating
their required resources. The three economic systems are:
1. Free Economy System:The Free economy of market is divided intodistribution and
production of services and goods happendoneby the device of allowed markets
directed by a permittedvalue system. Demand and Supply are the key factors of which
controls price in the free economy(Alshamrani and El-Gohary, 2011). The Chinese
economy has been using this economy since 1970's, and now it has become one of the
largest economies in the world.
2. Planned Economy System: Planned economy is where an economy system is
planned and managed by the government of a country. This economy plays a role in
controlling production, distribution, and consumption. It is ruthlessly efficient at the
micro level(Toye, 2013). As an example, system of China as world-wide health care
is created on central preparation, which has mainly been swapped by health assurance
programmes.
3. Mixed Economy System: This system is between the free market economy and
planned economy. This types of economy represent an achievement balance between
social goals and individual initiatives. Mixed economy can be owned by both public
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sector and a private sector. Government plays an important role in this type of
economy(Alshamrani and El-Gohary, 2011). Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia and
India uses Mixed Economy System.
Cuba: It has a planned economy system that involves government. Here in this country,
most of the business activities are operated by the government. Decisions related to
production, import and export are taken by the government. Cuba is also dominated by
state organisation in the business sector(Toye, 2013). That's why they adopted this
economy system, and they have 71% of public sector businesses.
U.K.: U.K. has mixed economy system that consists of the almost equal number of public
as well as private sectors. There are certain government policies in U.K., which are
followed by the private sector business organisations to run their operations. Thomas
Cook, TESCO has less interference in the business processes. But NHS has the complete
influence of government.
China: This country follows a free economy system. The requirements of market decide
the allocation of resources that means customer requirement and demand decides the
production of goods and services.
2.2 Impact of Fiscal and Monetary Policy
Fiscal Policy: Sometimes a government adjusts its level of expenditure to influence and
displaya state’s economy. It is called Fiscal Policy of Economy. It refers, how the
administration use the budget to mark economic movement(Holzman, 2013). Fiscal policy is
used in several circumstances. It gives way to a countries economic objective. What is the
amount of money that the government gathers through the taxation and what percentage of
that income that they spend has a direct impact over the economy. The policy of the
government is said to be tough if they spends, less than they takes in. However, if the
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government spends more than they collect through taxes, their fiscal policy is considered to
be expansionary. Along with that, the expansionary policy has a long term impact over the
organisations. If the government spends more that it earns, then they must need to borrow.
Monetary Policy: The source of money in a nationwide economyis called Monetary Policy.
It is maintained by increasing interest rates, changing a number of money banks. These
policies are done by the central bank. Monetary policy is the usage of attention rate and the
level of the money supplied to achieve an economy. These rates of interest are set by the
government or the Chancellor(Regional economic outlook, 2011).
Monetary policies consist of two variants: Relaxations and Contractions (Ryoo and Skott,
2016). It increases the customer's purchasing power by providing some extra benefit to
business like farming and housing. The monetary policy is mainly used to prevent the
economic bubble. This can reduce the rate of inflation and also reduces the spending. As the
banks looses their ability to lend money, therefore the business organisations such as Primark
and the individuals found it tough to get a loan. Based on that, the investments regarding the
business will also reduce.
2.3 Impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of
Primark
Competition is pouring force helping an organisation to perform better in the given
market(Chiang and Hauge, 2013). Policies that created an impact on Primark are as follows:
 De-regulation: It is accepted to decrease monopoly after the marketplace by
regulating merger and acquisitions
 Privatisation: It is adopted to develop the economy supporting ownershiptransfer.
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 Laws on anti-competition behaviour: This policy is adopted and advanced to make
reasonablecontracts in the market. Certain legislations are presented to safeguard
price setting and other unprincipledobserves.
 Import tariff reduction: It assists the business to ingressservices and goods at a
lesser cost so that the product and services can produce in marketplace.
 Market liberalisation: Market liberalisation manages monopoly that industry is
regularly facing.
The Competition Act 1998 mainly provides an updated framework in order to identify
and deal with the restrictive business practices along with the abuse of a dominant market
position. The main purpose of this act is to harmonise the UK with the European Union
competition policy. This enhances the level of business performance of the Primark and it
is also helpful for Primark in order to sustain in the competitive market.
Along with that, the Enterprise Act 2002have five major competition policy objectives.
These are
 To arrange the injured parties of the competition market and enhance the policy
regarding the competition in the UK
 To root out the forms of the anti-competitive behaviour
 To create a proper deterrent effect
This particular aspects enhances the level of competition in the entire UK market and also
helps Primark in order to enhance their level of productivity in the UK market.
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Task 3
3.1 Explain how pricing and output decisions of businesses is determined in the following
market structures
The structure of market is competitively is synchronized with various types of marketing
elements which are interrelated with the behavioural approach of the individual. Besides that,
there are many famous and reputed companies are already ruling the entire market. On the
other hand, each and every business sector such as retail industry includes demand and
supply chain management. In addition, the management of an organisation needs to pay more
attention to the requirements of their customers. In other sense, the demand for the customers'
needs to be meet by the organisation(Chandon, Wansink and Laurent, 2007). With the help of
supply chain management, an organisation like retail industry able to fulfil the demands of
the customers through effective supply chain management. Besides that, there are different
types of market structures are affected by the price estimation and decision-making process
of an organisation. Thus, different types of market structures are discussed below for better
understanding:
Perfect competition: Many reports confirmed that market is comprising sellers offering
comparative products. All associations are similarly suitable, and no scene of strength is
considerable. Apart from that, horticultural firms spectate this opposition since products are
difficult to be separated and opportunities of organisations are free in this market
arrangement(Clements-Croome, 2013).
Monopoly: This market has a single dealer and an extensive number of purchasers. In
addition, beat players confine the passage of different organisations, and they influence the
industry by separating products. On the other side, the cost is separated that that kept lower
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than the normal cost for new sections. Thus, the organisations can beat their rival in
marketing sections by applying these strategies.
Oligopoly: This market comprises of few organisations that rule the industry, however,
comprises of fractional rivalry because of the nearness of a couple of purchases and couple of
merchants of the products. For instance, Tesco, Marks & Spencer, ASDA, Sainsbury gives a
similar sort of services and products in the retail industry.
Duopoly: The market where just two organisations exist to command the industry is termed
as a duopoly. In addition, it depends on either the quality or a number of products, the
opposition between both the organisations are measured that convey comparable products in
the market. Pizza Hut and Dominos is the best case of for duopoly(Drucker and Maciariello,
2008).
3.2 Illustrate the way in which market forces (demand and supply) shape organisational
responses using a range of examples (diagrams are essential)
Demand: the satisfied consumers are retained through completing their demands or
requirements by a successful organisation. With the help of a diagram it can be easily
determined and understood:
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Figure 1: Movement along demand curve
Demand and supply are the most vital elements that assistance to drive the reaction of the
association by basic leadership approaches identified with cost. Thus, the requirement for
clients, seek and the readiness to buy the products by paying the reasonable cost is known as
demand(Fitzgerald, 2012). On the other hand, the demand for item and services rely on the
need of clients and that whatever is accessible on the market. However, these demands could
fluctuate as per the adjustments in the need or acquiring the force of the clients. As indicated
by the law of demand, elements staying consistent the demand of products turns out to be
conversely corresponding to the cost of the products.
There are different variables that influence the demand for products are:
 Taste and inclination of clients
 Change in salary
 Accessibility of substitute products
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 Change in quantity of purchasers
Supply: The idea of basic economics that portray the aggregate accessibility of the services
and products for clients in the market. The capacity of the maker to deliver chooses the
supply and accessibility of products. Accessibility of assets, production cost, the demand for
products in the market, and so forth are the components that are joined to supply of products
and services(Harpaz and Snir, 2009). As per the law of supply, if there is an expansion in the
demand for the item, the supply abatements and the other way around where cost is
straightforwardly corresponding to supply.
The supply bend decays, alongside the decrease in the cost of the item, the amount provided
diminishes as well and the other way around.
Figure 2: Movement along supply curve
The relation between demand and supply
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Figure 3: Supply and demand curve
Figure 3 demonstrates the demand and supply bend where demand is conversely about
supply(Horner, 2007). The demand and supply both are interrelated with each other. Thus,
where demand is high the price will increase, and quality goes down. In the case of low
demand, the quality is very high along with low price.
3.3 Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected
organisation
The environment of business is balanced by business culture and this effects on the inward
environment and in addition to the outside environment. On the other hand, an organisation
like a retailer which does not exist without the support of cultural environment factors and the
business itself(Johnson and Parente, 2013). Besides that, the top business distinguish about
variations in the way of social and life orders in which it composed. Apart from that, some
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major parts of the cultural environment are demographics, changing the preference of
customers, promotional activities and internal environment. As culture change andsociety,
businesses must regulate to continuebefore their competitors and continue in the intelligences
of their customers.
Changing Preferences
An important factor in socio-cultural environment impact businesses and business decisions
is through customer inclinations. In other words, the business decision is made after
analysing the changing preference of the customers. Thus, varied styles need can
weakenextended, productive products and services. For a case, a retail organisation should
always know about changing leanings while making new products or it resolveand reduce the
customer satisfaction rate(Kavoossi, 2008).
Demographics
Variations in demographics are moreoveraenormous factor in theworld of business as well as
retail industry. As populace’s age, gender, sex, occupation, lifestyle and customer purchase
behaviour, the organisation should produce their products which may fulfil the expectations
of the customers. In other words, variations in sexual distinctiveand orientations racial, ethnic
gatheringsand religiouswhich may affect the way an organisation works organically.
Promotional activities
Sponsoring like advertisement is the best way to analyse customer’s mind of professional
which greatestinteraction with socio-cultural variations. On the other hand, the organisation
needs to pay more attention to the advertisement through TV, radio, internet and magazines
and agencies can't overlook about the exhausted of the communal orders and they take share
in the commercial. Changes in morals, designs and values should all be measured while
making externalchallengingpublicising(Oldroyd, 2004).
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Internal Environment
Anyhow, the relationship between an organisation and its clients is influenced by socio-
cultural factors additionally affect an organisation's management systems and decision-
making process. For instance, altering sexual alignment and accentuation on domestic life
have provoked to extentrespect for motherhood. In other words, sexual harassment can
demotivate employees and damage the working culture of an organisation. Besides that,
mentalities toethnicseparation and unsuitable behaviour have alteredcertainlythroughsocio-
cultural change. Thus, the behaviour of employees is improved through proper discipline and
proper legislations of an organisation.
Moreover, each and every part of cultural environment clearly affect the behaviour of an
organisation. In addition, by these factors of cultural factors, the formal structure of an
organisation is measured, and it gets its desired aims and objectives(Raven, Berg and
Johnson, 2006).
Task 4
4.1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations
According to the tradeof international, an organisation can conversation aboutservices and
goods along international borders. Universal exchange benefits the association to the extent
of covering an immense market and TESCO's contribution in the worldwide exchange will
extend its development where sending out the products of TESCO will pull in more clients
from abroad. Moreover, through improved supply chain management, the rate of goods
exchange influences the economy of the world. If an organisation is not feeling able to
provide service to international customers then global trading is impossible(Sorge, 2002).
The expansion in the fare will prompt to increment of production at lessened rates of
production. Thus, competitive pricing and greater competitive advantages are gained through
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international trade. Mass production specifically impacts the benefit. Worldwide exchange
includes sending out as well as bringing in to expand the household market range and
accessibility of services all through. Worldwide affiliations and exchanging help to join the
world and develop a sound link with alternate nations. In addition, with the help of light
competition, the customers are getting products at low price(Cleary, 2012).
4.2 Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations
Political factor: UK political environment helps the business to work easily. Thus, political
supports is required for international trading. It is essential for the organisation to build up the
strategies as per the present market circumstances and demand.
Economic factor: These elements are to be mulled over where it is found the UK is a
blended economy. This economy permits private firms for working their business easily in
the steady state of the economy of the nation. Thus, economic stability is required for
international trading. The steady economy does not influence the cost and business of the
products. This is a positive viewpoint that helps the business to maintain and develop in the
market(Curwen, 2001).
Social factor: Societal elements and amplifying help towards the general public is a
tremendous managing of the organisation that gets to be distinctly important to guarantee that
the business forms does not influence individuals and to backings development of business.
Thus, socio-cultural factor influences individual preference which supports international
trading(Economides and Wilson, 2002).
Technological factor: Application of new technology is a most extreme need in the working
environment that helps the organisation to handle their work likewise. Adjusting new systems
and advancements will help the organisation to enhance item conveyance and services.
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TESCO will be profited with the innovative progressions and will have the capacity to deal
with its demand and supply.
Environmental Factor: Understanding the way of life and taste of individuals are vital for
TESCO to create services and products in like manner and accordingly, they will develop
more in the market. Thus, the environment is significantly getting consideration of the
management for international trading(Takahara and Mesarovic, 2004).
4.3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations
The European Union assumes an imperative part in overseeing universal exchange and
business exercises in the European market. Organisations that are included worldwide
exchanging must know about the components that make an awesome effect on their
association and working(Goverde, 2012). Including 29 nations that are taken into account
exchanging uninhibitedly among each other. Exchanging the worldwide market make open
doors for the organisations to go into the new market and manage new difficulties. The
principles and directions that quandary the associations in exchanging universally make an
extraordinary effect on the movement of the businesses. Expanded accessibility of assets is
another advantage of worldwide exchanging. Environment strategy of Europe Union
guarantees the organisations' security demonstrations and exhibitions towards nature and
defensive environed. Enhancing and advancing the brand picture is the most immediate
advantage of the exchanging framework alongside protectionism, send out import practices,
and improvement of the nation's economy(Goverde, 2012). The free development of work
enactment gives a break even with changes to the general population working in the UK and
nearby governments likewise help them in such exercises. BREXIT is the unit of UK from
the European Soviet Union that is a political issue making the considerable effect on the
business culture and global exchanging of the organisations. Examining every one of the
parts of worldwide exchanging, it is seen that it assesses the volume of import in the UK.
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