Challenges Faced by Skilled Immigrants in Canadian Labor Market

Running head : SOCIOLOGY
Sociology
Name of the student:
Name of the university
Author note:

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Part 1.
Question 1.
According to recent research, literature and several summery of the study suggested that
immigrant employment success is the key research priority in Canada (Martin, 2014). There is
the vast amount of research in Canada identified the factors that involved in the emplacement
success of immigrants that involves the academic research resources and the government
resources (Walsh, 2014). According to Martin (2014), the Canadian immigration selection
system mainly emphasizes the education and the other forms of human capital as criteria for
admission (Hollifield, Martin, & Orrenius, 2014). There few elements that must be considered in
order understanding the immigrant success and to what extent the qualifications of immigrants
recognized in the labor market as being equivalent to the qualifications of the Canadian born
(Simon & Lynch 2017),. The first factor is the selected policy in order to recruit immigrant
employees so that they get the equal priority as the Canadian born (Hollifield, Martin, &
Orrenius, 2014). A study by Martin, (2014), suggested that previously less skilled immigrants
arrived in Canada within the time period of 1950 to 1960 but later in 1970, the immigrants
possess relatively high educational skills as compared to the other immigrants to belong to
southern part of Europe (Razin, 2017). Another study also suggested the qualifications of recent
immigrants are substantially higher as compared to southern Europe and this, in turn, compelled
the governor bodies to introduce the point-based system (Razin, 2017). This point-based system
reflects also reflects that the changes observed in the educational attainment (Reitz, 2007).
Subsequently, the introduction of the point based system causes higher economic success as
compared to the number of people born in Canada (Reitz, 2007). Moreover, Governor Bodies of

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Canada also focuses on the official languages knowledge along with the work experience of each
immigrant as the requirement for residency in Canada (Fong & Shen, 2016). This acts as the
additional advantage for the immigrants for receiving equal recognition as the individual born in
Canada (Fong & Shen, 2016). A census report suggested that in 2001, 43.9% of men and 37.5%
of women had the higher bachelor degree compared to the native-born population where 16.6%
of the men and 21.7% of women had a higher bachelor degree (Reitz, 2007). This report, in turn,
suggested that immigrant men get higher advantages as compared to the native-born male.
Moreover, immigrants have approximately 0.4 years of education as compared to the native-born
population, which suggested that the immigrants are highly educated at a very young age
compared to the native-born Canadian individual (Guo, 2015). This it turns advantageous for the
immigrants, especially in the metropolitan part of Canada such as Toronto and Vancouver where
availability of the jobs (Guo, 2015). Settlement services are also benefitted for the immigrants so
that they get equal recognition in the labor market (Castles, De Haas, & Miller, 2013). These
services help the immigrants to address the issues such as the immediate housing, employment,
and training in the native languages (Castles, De Haas, & Miller, 2013). Thus, to conclude, since
the Canadian selection system focuses on the educations, the immigrants receive an equal
amount of recognition as the native-born population (Fong & Shen, 2016).
As indicated above, the Canadian immigrant's selection system solely focuses on the
education, high skills of the immigrants and other forms of human capital as the selection criteria
for the employment (Abel, & Sander, 2014). The selection criteria also give priorities to the work
experiences, knowledge of native languages presuming it will increase the employment of
immigrants, which in turn give higher economic status (Abel, & Sander, 2014). Literature studies
also supported the selection criteria based on the presumptions in terms of education of education

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(Castles, De Haas, & Miller, 2013). Moreover, other accumulated evidence also suggested that
knowledge of official languages have labor market values in Canada (Ross, 2017). However,
most studies also pointed out that despite the higher educational qualifications, the immigrants
have lower value in the labor market compared to the native-born Canadians (Pendakur &
Pendakur, 2016). Consequently, immigrants have to face obstacles in terms of employment due
to foreign schooling and acquired education. Moreover, newly arrived immigrants face a period
of adjustment due to the diverse cultural background and migrate without any employment
(Abel, & Sander, 2014). Therefore, they faced the barriers when they try to enter the Canadian
labor market. The potential size of the barriers mainly related to the recognition of qualification
in the work field and underutilization of the skills of the immigrants (Abu-Laban, 2018).The
status-based hypothesis suggested that in many organizations, immigrants are recognized as
lower in status, eligibility and are not suitable for the superior activity (Castles, De Haas, &
Miller, 2013). Conflict theory of sociology suggested that, since the resources are limited for
national development, many organizations priorities their native-born individuals over the
immigrants having high qualifications (El-Lahib, 2016). Employment practices may vary in
these cases since the Assessment of qualification also varies (Abu-Laban, 2018). Racial
differences and discrimination act as another barrier and due to the perception of the racial
discrimination, the employment of the immigrants varies in the different work field. A study by
Castles, De Haas, & Miller (2013), suggested that immigrants also voice about the biases arises
in terms of accessing the license. However, the author also argues that attitude towards
immigrants is more favorable in Canada as compared to other countries (El-Lahib, 2016).
Moreover, the immigrants do not get access to the union jobs in Canada. Immigrants, particularly
the racial minority immigrants, considered as the unskilled one for managerial authorities in the