Skills for Social Sciences

This document provides information on the key academic writing styles and their importance in social sciences. It also discusses the search process for research. Additionally, it includes articles on quantitative and qualitative research on cyberbullying and its impact on youth. The document concludes with the effects of cyberbullying on academic performance.

Skills for social sciences

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
Key academic writing style and their importance..................................................................3
Search process........................................................................................................................4
PART 2............................................................................................................................................5
Quantitative articles................................................................................................................5
Qualitative article...................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION
Report shows effectiveness of academic writing. Academic writing is a professional
writing that are easy to understand by their readers. This writing provides description about a

particular topic that their reader wants to read. Different type of academic writing is provided in
this topic and their importance for their readers to understand. Report shows impact of
cyberbullying and how it effects daily and routine life of the victims who are effected by
cyberbullying, report shows cyberbullying on social media and it effects on youngsters and
students and how it effects their academic performance. Effects of cyberbullying on mental
health of their victims.
PART 1
Key academic writing style and their importance
Academic writing style aim to make their readers understand. Academic writing must be
simple so that readers are able to understand it effectively. Writing needs to be focused on a topic
that helps them to develop their effectiveness. Academic writing is planned so that readers are
able to understand its effectiveness(Belcher, 2019.) . Provide knowledge of a subject on which
report is prepared. Writing objective is to inform reader about the subject. Writing needs to be
organised effectively. Academic writing is done after proper research and planning on the basis
of their purpose.
Types of academic writing
Descriptive
This style of academic writing is one of the most simple style of writing a report. Writing
provide proper summary and define each and every topic effectively so that reader is able to
understand it easily. Report aim is to provide important facts and information to their readers.
Analytical
Analytical reports needs to be organized in different categories and parts. Needs to
compare different type of theories to develop one effective theory. Analytical writing needs time
to develop and plan, require to find different ideas and facts. Clear introduction is provided to
reader and report is prepared on paragraph and sections.
Persuasive
Persuasive writing means when a writer puts his own view while writing report with his
creativity and ability. Writer needs to provide their own point of view on this topic needs to
provide proper evidence on each and every thing written on report. This kind of writing style is
essential to show and reflect own view point in most systematic manner.
Critical

Critical writing in which writer compares to two different point of views(AlHassan and
Wood, 2015.). Needs to analyse all parts of their report needs to provide their own opinion about
their work. Proper referencing on the topic is required. Writing a critical report needs effective
skills in a writer. Critical writing style is very important as it supports in understanding each area
properly so that justified answers can be generated.
Importance of academic writing
 Academic writing style is important to communicate effectively. Academic
writing is very essential fort the growth of student as it enhance their skills and
develop opportunities for them . By this way they become able to interact with
others in efficient manner.
 Helps readers to understand each and every part in a report.
 It helps to build creativity in an writer. Writing helps to clarify thoughts of an
individual.
 Helps to compare and evaluate each and every part of their report.
Search process
Researcher have searched the online articles , books, journals of other authors on the same
topic. This has helped in developing understanding about the subject area. Scholar has first taken
initiative where aim and objective of study was decided and then selection of appropriate articles
was done. Clarify related to subject areas enhanced and sentences are formed according to
searched articles. Collection of data is one and presentation of all the relevant details is done and
at last assessment of information is done.
Figure 1information search process
(Source: The Information Search Process, 2019)

PART 2
Quantitative articles
Article 1 :Is Cyberbullying a Stand Alone Construct? Using Quantitative Analysis to Evaluate a
21st Century Social Question
Randa, R., Nobles, M.R. and Reyns, B.W., 2015. Is cyberbullying a stand alone construct? Using
quantitative analysis to evaluate a 21st century social question. Societies. 5(1). pp.171-186.
Cyberbullying means fraud or harassment to someone by using electronic means then it
effects overall welfare of society. Study will evaluate various articles and will show the methods
and results of these articles.
Introduction
Social media is one of the most important platform that effects overall development of
each and every person. Cyberbullying over social platforms effects overall development of
young kids and teens. As large number of people are using social media bullying over there is
also rises it effects overall development of teenagers. Girls are the main victims as compare to
boys over social media(Whittaker and Kowalski, 2015.) . Embarrassing videos and photos posted
on social media effects mental health of teenagers. Cyberbullying is a growing problem in
youngsters. Internet and digital platforms are used in a harmful way and become one major
threats over society. Social media is a platform where people engaged with each other and post
their pictures and videos and chances of theft of personal information is also rises. Cyberbullying
means insulting someone or effect someone image that effects their overall development (Randa,
Nobles and Reyns, 2015).
Methods used
To prevent cyberbullying needs to prepare an electronic system to identify risk and take
required actions to prevent those risk. Device helps to identify those who are part of
cyberbullying take required actions against them. 1232 samples were experienced or involved in
this study. Cross tabulation method was used initially to generate results. Item reliability
analyses was done. Principle component analyses is also applied. Exploratory method was used
to explore the research area. Online gaming environment has affected lives of youth. In the 21st
century such cyber bullying is affecting the live of youth badly. Researcher has used statistical
tools that supported scholar in getting authentic answers.
Results

Social media is a platform where gathering information about someone and effects their
image become easy for an individual. Social media becomes a platform where cyberbullying
become easy. Use of electronic system helps to prevent those problems.
Conclusion
Cyberbullying effects overall development of an individual on an social media. And
different system securities are used to prevent problem and develop effectiveness.
Article 2 Automatic Detection of Cyberbullying in Social Media Text
Van Hee, C., Jacobs, G., Emmery, C., Desmet, B., Lefever, E., Verhoeven, B., De Pauw, G.,
Daelemans, W. and Hoste, V., 2018. Automatic detection of cyberbullying in social media
text. PloS one. 13(10).
Cyberbullying plays a negative impact on each and every individual who becomes victim
of those bullying's. But students between age of 12-18 have a large impact due to those bullies.
Because they are not able to manage those problems and insults due to lack of information about
the uses of cyberbullying (Van Hee and et.al., 2018).
Methods used
Schools and teachers needs to guide those teenagers about use of cyberbullying and it
effects on their daily life routine and how they are able to cope up with those changes. Parents
needs to take a part in students life and try to solve problems of their in their routine life. GNU
Wget software was used for data crawling. Cohen’s Kappa method of analyses is used in this
research and reliability test was done. Binary classification experiments used to support results.
Cross validation and holdout score was calculated. This kind of experiments and framing of
hypotheses helped scholar in generating valid and effective results.
Results
If proper information about pros and cons of use of social media is given to kids then
they are able to solve their problems on their own(Holfeld and Mishna, 2018.). And take
necessary actions against those problems. Schools needs to analyse problems of each and every
student try to provide necessary solutions to solve their problems.
Conclusions
Overall article shows the effects of cyberbullying on students and how they overcome
those problems with proper guidelines from their teachers and parents.
Article 3 Cyberbullying impact on today's youth

Noll, H., 2016. Cyberbullying: Impacting Today’s Youth.
Due to increase in smart phones and engagement of large number of people with social
media effects daily life and routines of youngsters. Use of social media and posting pictures and
videos effects their personal life and chances of frauds and lose of their information is also
increases due electronic devices. Cyberbullying impact life and mental health of the students at a
large scale.
Methods use
Government needs to provide proper information about negative impacts of access use of
social media on their daily lives. Youth need to take proper care while they are using social
media as platform to provide their personal information(Noll, 2016.) . Social media platforms
need to take proper care about security of their users. Parents of students needs to promote
positive mental health and helps them to overcome cyberbullying. Quantitative approach is used,
it is retrospective in nature. 20 participants were involved in this research. Survey method was
used to gather the information. Mean , mode was used to generate results. Researcher has used
purposive sampling method and also used statistical tool that has supported in getting more
accurate results and answering research questions in effective manner.
Results
Proper care an information is provided to students that helps to protect them from
harmful bullies. And necessary steps taken by social media platforms helps them to develop
necessary security measures.
Conclusion
Article shows impact of social media and cyberbullying on daily life of youth and how
they are able to overcome those problems. And effect of those bullies on their mental health.
Parents and social media platforms help them to overcome those problems effectively.
Qualitative article
Article 1 Cyberbullying from students perspective
Kakai, G., 2016. Cyberbullying from students’ perspectives: a qualitative study.
Cyberbullying is increased due to access use of resources like mobile phones, tablets and
internet. Cyberbullying plays worse impact on life of students, and large number of students are
become a part of cyberbullying.
Methods used

Strategies are used to prevent cyberbullying because it impacts overall life of students at
a large scale(Marczak and Coyne, 2016.) . After analysing views of students they want their
teachers to get information about cyberbullying and teach consequences of those bullying to their
students. Students want their schools and faculty take a part in preventing cyberbullying. Schools
need to ban use of mobile phones and electronic devices in student to prevent cyberbullying.
Data is collected by using interview method. Qualitative approach was used to develop in-depth
understanding about topic (Kakai, 2016). Theories and model were used to answer research
questions. In this scholar has used descriptive design that has helped in involving theories only to
find out actual answers of research questions.
Results
Bullying effects students in many ways like mental health and suicides and students are
getting demotivated to attend school. Teachers and schools needs to develop proper planning and
policies to prevent cyberbullying effects in their students. Due to cyberbullying large number of
young generation is going into stress and it effects their daily life.
Conclusion
Instagram and all other social media platforms which large number of youngsters are
using are rising chances of fraud and bullying in an individual. Schools need to be informed
when an unethical activities or cyberbullying done on internet in school premises.
Article 2 cyberbullying and academic performance.
Faryadi, Q., 2011. Cyber bullying and academic performance. Online Submission. 1(1). pp.23-
30.
Introduction
Article aim is to understand mental state and conditions of victims of cyberbullying and
provide them necessary actions to prevent their problems. Cyberbullying puts an emotional and
psychological stress on victims. Large number of individuals are suffered emotionally due to
cyberbullying. Due to cyberbullying students are not able to concentrate on their studies and it
effects their overall performance in an organization. Large number of students are become a part
of cyberbullying and less concentration on their studies and effects performance of all other
effective students of schools to develop their negative image in minds of others.
Methods used

Schools also prevent bullying to improve performance of their students by guiding them
about bullying and prepare strict rules and policies against students who are part of
cyberbullying. If students who are become part of bullying other then teachers needs to
necessary steps like punishment to solve this problems. Researcher has used random sampling
method and 365 students were selected randomly. Questionnaire was used to collect the data
from participants (Faryadi, 2011)..questions was simple method and human interaction was done
to generate answers hence this theoretical approach is helpful in finding the best results.
Results
Cyberbullying expose personal data of each and every person. Students who are victims
of cyberbullying faces problems like stomach pain, headaches and problems while sleeping and
all this factors effect their academic performance as they don't want to attend school(Alwagait,
Shahzad and Alim, 2015.). It reduces interest of students in studies, their self confidence also
declines and students goes into depression.
Conclusion
Cyberbullying effects overall performance of an individual that effects their mental
stability. Schools and parents needs to take necessary steps to prevent those problems of students
and help them to develop academic performance.
Article 3 Emotional and social effects of cyberbullying
Perry, M., 2015. Emotional and social effects of cyberbullying on adolescents (Doctoral
dissertation, City University of Seattle).
Cyberbullying effects mental stability of each and every person who are victim of this
bullying. Cyberbullying changes their overall normal life routine and effects their growth and
success at a large scale. Due to increase participation and interaction over social media personal
information of people due to theft and fault representation of their images will make fun of their
social media that effects their confidence and self esteem and victims goes into a mental stress
large number of people take a step to suicide because their not able to handle those problems and
emotions and hurt themselves.
Methods used
Students need to get information about both positive and negative impacts of using
electronic devices on their daily lives(Perry, 2015.) . Large number of students are unaware

about privacy over social media. Any wrong step and image on social media and misused by
large number of people to make an negative image. General aggression model was used and by
using theories understanding about subject areas developed by scholar. Researcher has focused
on using theories and using secondary data that helped in finding most accurate results.
Results
Victims goes into anxiety, depression, anger eating disorders. People needs to get proper
education and information about use of mobile phones and electronic devices. Young students
are not able to adapt those bullying's and insults on social media and digital platforms and take a
steps like suicides.
CONCLUSION
Academic writing is structured and planned writing that provide information about a
particular subject. Importance of academic writing means that helps to provide proper
information about a topic. Cyberbullying effects overall development and lives of an individual
because their personal information are on internet and that de motivates them and reduces their
moral. Large number of students and teenagers are affected by bullying on social media which
increase anxiety, reduces self esteem and confidence. Cyberbullying have a huge impact on
overall development of their individual and youth sector of society. . It is known as online
bullying when an unwanted activity or fraud is done on internet then it effects overall
development of that person using social media sites. Digital devices are used to play fraud and
harassment activities. Harmful content or false information is provided on internet, negative or
false information is given to an individual. Sharing someone personal information online effects
their life and they feel embarrass. Cyberbullying plays an negative impact on all over the society.
It effects teens by posting embarrassing photos and videos on social media effects overall
development of an individual. Kids and child are become main targets of cyberbullying.
Cyberbullying can reach anywhere to their victims and affects their overall development.
Hacking someone's account or sending threatening messages effects their overall development.
Gossip and rumours over social media effects their overall development. Cyberbullying spread
quickly all over the world and able to reach any individual. Cyberbullying has ability to change
someone else's mental health. Kids are going in depression due to cyberbullying and it effects
their overall existence. Victims of cyberbullying always feels unsafe.

All the research articles have given the same results that cyberbullying affect the life of
people, as society members are spending most of their time of these social sites that affect their
future badly. Bullying using online sites enhances depression among people and now it has
become the major problem in young people. Quantitative studies have used the exploratory
researches whereas qualitative articles were made by using theories and model.
No article has focused on particular social site such as Facebook or twitter and none of
the article has described why young people are getting attracted towards it and how it will affect
their future. Government data of high use of social media, suicide case due to cyberbullying are
not shown in any study. The main factor that encourage the young people to use social sites and
how it turns into bullying is not described in any article which is the gap in this investigation.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
AlHassan, L. and Wood, D., 2015. The effectiveness of focused instruction of formulaic
sequences in augmenting L2 learners' academic writing skills: A quantitative research
study. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 17. pp.51-62.
Alwagait, E., Shahzad, B. and Alim, S., 2015. Impact of social media usage on students
academic performance in Saudi Arabia. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, pp.1092-
1097.
Belcher, W.L., 2019. Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic
publishing success. University of Chicago Press.
Faryadi, Q., 2011. Cyber bullying and academic performance. Online Submission. 1(1). pp.23-
30.
Holfeld, B. and Mishna, F., 2018. Longitudinal associations in youth involvement as victimized,
bullying, or witnessing cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking. 21(4). pp.234-239.
Kakai, G., 2016. Cyberbullying from students’ perspectives: a qualitative study.
Marczak, M. and Coyne, I., 2016. Polish teachers and cyberbullying-a qualitative exploration of
the stakeholders’ perceptions and experience of the phenomenon.
Noll, H., 2016. Cyberbullying: Impacting Today’s Youth.
Olweus, D. and Limber, S.P., 2018. Some problems with cyberbullying research. Current
opinion in psychology, 19, pp.139-143.
Perry, M., 2015. Emotional and Social Effects of Cyberbullying on Adolescents (Doctoral
dissertation, City University of Seattle).
Randa, R., Nobles, M.R. and Reyns, B.W., 2015. Is cyberbullying a stand alone construct? Using
quantitative analysis to evaluate a 21st century social question. Societies. 5(1). pp.171-
186.
Van Hee, C. and et.al., 2018. Automatic detection of cyberbullying in social media text. PloS
one. 13(10).
Whittaker, E. and Kowalski, R.M., 2015. Cyberbullying via social media. Journal of School
Violence. 14(1). pp.11-29.
Online

The Information Search Process. 2019. [Online]. Available through <
https://www.library.illinois.edu/staff/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/Information-
Search-Process.pdf>