Skills for the Social Sciences

This document discusses key academic writing styles and their importance in the social sciences. It also includes interpretative and quantitative articles on policing and criminal investigation.

Skills for the Social
Sciences
(Marketing across Cultures Project - CW1)

Table of Contents
Part 1 – Section 1.............................................................................................................................1
Key academic writing styles and their importance.................................................................1
Part 2 – Section 2.............................................................................................................................2
Interpretative (Qualitative) Articles.................................................................................................2
Article one:.............................................................................................................................2
Article two :............................................................................................................................2
Article three:...........................................................................................................................2
Quantitative Articles .......................................................................................................................3
Article one..............................................................................................................................3
Article two: ............................................................................................................................3
Article three:...........................................................................................................................3
Section 3 – Discussion – The contribution of research to topic i.e. “The importance of policing
and criminal investigation”..............................................................................................................4
Section 4 – Conclusion....................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

Part 1 – Section 1
Key academic writing styles and their importance
Academic writing can be defined as written material that is focussed, clear, structured,
backed up, concise and consists with evidences. I have analysed that, academic writing consists
with a particular purpose, which is to make readers understood with information that a sender is
willing to communicate. Including this, it can be said by me is that academic writing consists
with a proper style including a proper formal tone, but the words that are using stays simple in
nature (Belcher, 2019).
Mainly, there are four types of academic writing styles that are present and these are
given underneath:
Descriptive: In my own knowledge, this is being considered as one of the simplest form
of academic writing, which stays descriptive in nature. Here, for understating this I can
particularly take a good example, where summary of an article is to report the overall results of a
particular experiment. Including this, it is said that for a purely descriptive assignment, which is
going to be enclosed with records, identify, summary, report, and define.
Analytical: If it is talked about analytical writing, then it mainly stays enclosed with
descriptive writing. Along with this, I have also analysed that this is said to be a crucial writing,
where both information and facts are effectively re-organised. This also stays enclosed with
different range of parts, categories, types or relationships, groups and so on.
Persuasive: This is a type of academic writing, which analysed that it is one step above
than the analytical writing, which means this type of writing stays enclosed with number of
features that an analytical writing carries.
Critical: This sort of writing style is mostly done within the postgraduate courses,
research, and for considering the advanced writing (Wagener, 2018). I have found that, critical
writing stays enclosed with most of persuasive writing's features.
Importance of academic writing:
In my knowledge, significance of academic writing, is to communicate the information
(sender to receiver) in a formal way. For understanding this, I have taken a good example of a
student where it is the responsibility of him to learn how best to write in a way which will
convince the marker.
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Part 2 – Section 2
Interpretative (Qualitative) Articles
Article one:
The article consist of qualitative research and is based on the perception of police
officers on sexual offenders registrations. Certified sex offender is a person who convicted or
committed sex crime and require them to register pertinent information. In this case primary
method of research is used that is interview of the police officers (Widana and et. al., 2018). The
results are that the population of sexual offenders increase day to day. The police officers
advises that there is a need to educate, aware and train people in order to reduce the fear of
sexual offenders which impacts the society in a positive way.
Article two :
The second article is about how police officers respond to the organizational inequality
and injustice. The main purpose is to analyse how officers felt when they see the things are going
unfair, unequal and discriminated in the department. To get the results, open ended questions
was asked from 25 officers as a semi structured interview. The result of the study is, police
officers feel unappreciated and angry. They feel that their values and efforts is not considered
and cared by the department. It is important for police officers to promote and execute internal
procedural principles and organizational justice (Peyrefitte and Lazar, 2018).
Article three:
The third case study is discuss about the negative and worst handling of victims by police
officers that enables to not share the data and information with the officers. In-depth interview is
taken by 34 victims who did violent crime or property crime. The outcome of the study is both
the victims valued a treatment according to the justice. At the end, police officers took step
against the crime as well as against the offender. By doing this, officers create equality and
impartiality among the property and violent crime victims (Research on the Impact of
Technology on Policing Strategy in the 21st Century, Final Report, 2017).
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Quantitative Articles
Article one
The first article is based on qualitative research to know what are the factors that affect
the performance of police in metropolitan police agency. The good performance is the
fundamental key in order to be successful in the organization. In this case study quantitative
research methods is used such as cluster sampling method and simple random sampling method
that includes 400 police officers (Kraft, 2019). The result of the case is that police officers feel
satisfied and motivated when they are treated by rewards, achievement, promotion, recognition
and so on. In order to give promotions to the metropolitan officers there should be some criteria
set through which officers effectiveness is analysed.
Article two:
The case study examines whether the analysis of crime has is the heart of policing
activity and practice. The police face a lot of challenges in the way of cyber crime, terrorism etc.
Quantitative research was conducted and semi structured interviews had taken that suggest police
officers lacks understanding in analysis of crime. The outcome is that analysis of crime is
important to carry out the police operations. A proper structure of crime analysis is to be
followed by police officers that guides police practice (Factors affecting the effectiveness of
police performance in Metropolitan Police Bureau, 2016).
Article three:
This article, has kept it's focus on the Impact of Technology on Policing Strategy in the
21st Century. The ever changing sector i.e. technology carries it's own type of impact over
strategies that are being built by policing agencies. Basically, they have implemented an array of
technological advancements to improve operational efficiency and outcomes, especially in times
of diminished resources and enhanced public attention on and scrutiny of law enforcement
activity. Along with this, quantitative research has been taken into consideration, where the
research method that has been taken i.e. survey, which will help investigator in pulling out data
relevant data in regards to the chosen topic. If it is talked about both results and conclusion, then
the overall article has showed various steps that will be required by policing community to take.
With the help of this, creation of an environment would take place where more successful
technology acquisition will be taken into consideration.
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Section 3 – Discussion – The contribution of research to topic i.e. “The
importance of policing and criminal investigation”.
Every single research that has been conducted by the researcher carries it's own type of
impact over a particular topic. Basically, it contributes over different aspects like knowledge
level in regards to the chosen topic. In present context, where researcher has considered the topic
i.e. “The importance of policing and criminal investigation”, there are number of investigators in
the past that has taken into consideration and conducted both qualitative and quantitative
research. All the six, articles that are being taken into consideration has their own type of context
over different aspects (Drew, 2018).
Away with this, there are ample number of reasons or the purposes that came in front
while conducting the investigation is that, investigator got the chance to focus on his or her own
interest, which consists with ample number of factors including the elements that were directly
linked to effectiveness that police officers along with the responsibilities within the Thai
Metropolitan Police Bureau carries. With the help of this, it can also be said that reaching to new
heights in a specified time frame where keeping appropriate living standards so that Thai people
could feel free and live a happy and secured life, which do not has any sort of criminal activities
and so on. Along with this, investigator also got the knowledge in regards to what brought fear
among people's mind, just when they received the negative treatment done by police officers
may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might
explain why particularly repeat victims are less likely to cooperate with the police.
Including this, it is also said that considering the various perspectives of researchers,
within different articles, it has become vital for focusing upon different range of plans and the
procedures as well in regards to different range of elements as well. Here, it can be said that
police officers that are performing different range services in all over the world needs to stay
satisfied as, then only they would effectively perform all the elements that are linked with
security related concerns of public. Here, are some of approaches that can be used for them, so
that they could stay motivated and these are rewards, achievement, promotion, recognition and
so on. Including this, it is also said that for the people that are looking forward to improve the
knowledge, it has become vital for them as well to improve the sustainability in specified time
frame. Through this, it is also can be discussed that, public that has dealt with various situations
or have been through different issues like harassment, assault or become a victim of sexual
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assault then against to this, many of the offenders are increasing every single day (Hoskova-
Mayerova and Maturo, 2018).
On the other hand, based on various type articles, it can be said that ample number of
police officers has been advised to enhance the needs in much effective and in appropriate
manner as well, as this would directly lead them to enhance the awareness, train staff members
and, it will also aid them to improve the chances of reducing the fear related factors among
people (sexual offenders). This would directly aid society in improvising the societal standards in
much more positive and negative ways as well (Hutchings, 2019).
Section 4 – Conclusion
With the help of above mentioned report, it is being concluded that every single social
issue, can effectively be resolved with the help of both primary or secondary methods. Basically,
the primal most method that can be utilised is secondary approach as this is an easy way to
collect the data in regards to the chosen topic. On the other hand, it also become effortless for an
investigator, to brought the discussions much more detailed and relevant on the topic that has
been taken into consideration. Away with this, it is also summarised that it has become vital for
performing the critically evaluation of a particular article that has been taken into consideration
as this would directly aid researcher to enhance his or her own knowledge and of readers a well,
that are looking forward to go through the social issue that has been taken into consideration.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Widana, I. W. and et. al., 2018. Higher order thinking skills assessment towards critical thinking
on mathematics lesson. International journal of social sciences and humanities. 2(1).
pp.24-32.
Peyrefitte, M. and Lazar, G., 2018. Student-centered pedagogy and real-world research: using
documents as sources of data in teaching social science skills and methods. Teaching
Sociology. 46(1). pp.62-74.
Kraft, M. A., 2019. Teacher effects on complex cognitive skills and social-emotional
competencies. Journal of Human Resources. 54(1). pp.1-36.
Drew, S., 2018. The student skills: guide. Routledge.
Hoskova-Mayerova, S. and Maturo, A., 2018. Algebraic hyperstructures and social
relations. Ital. J. Pure Appl. Math. 39. pp.701-709.
Hutchings, S., 2019. The social skills handbook: practical activities for social communication.
Routledge.
Immergluck, D., 2018. Neighborhood jobs, race, and skills: Urban employment and commuting.
Routledge.
Belcher, W. L., 2019. Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic
publishing success. University of Chicago Press.
Wagener, B., 2018. The importance of affects, self-regulation and relationships in the writing of
a master's thesis. Teaching in Higher Education. 23(2). pp.227-242.
Online
Research on the Impact of Technology on Policing Strategy in the 21st Century, Final Report.
2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251140.pdf>.
Factors affecting the effectiveness of police performance in Metropolitan Police Bureau. 2016.
[Online]. Available through:
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452315116301370>.
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