SLOVIC PAPER1
PART 1
Q2. Heuristics are the strategies that help in the formation of different rules, policies, and other
laws for decision making process based on relevant aspects of complex problems. It is often
thought that heuristics can be useful and may also be wrong compared to logic, probability, or
rational choice theory, but this assertion misses the crucial distinction between risk and
uncertainty (Batta & Stephens, 2019). Risk refers to situations where all possible actions, their
outcomes and probabilities are known. In cases of danger, heuristics face an accuracy-effort
trade-off where their simplified decision process leads to reduced accuracy. In contrast,
situations of uncertainty allow for less is more effects, were systematically ignoring information
leads to more accurate inferences (Barby & Krieger, 2015). According to the Good-Bad rule
which is also called as the affect heuristic states that if an object has a high perception of risk
then, it will provide less benefit; however, the reverse of this statement can also be true. For
example, swimming on a beach is risky, yet swimming in a swimming pool is safe. However, in
reality, there are several things which can be harmless but pointless or beneficial. Also, the
reverse is possible.
Q3. Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a notion within the political viewpoint that highlights
an equal opportunity for all people (Knight & Albertsen, 2018). Egalitarian doctrines are
generally characterized by the idea that all human persons are equal in fundamental worth or
moral status. In the modern English, egalitarianism has two different definitions; one is referred
through the political doctrine which states that all people should be treated as equals and have the
same political, economic, social, and civil rights, or as a social philosophy advocating the
removal of economic inequalities among the people (Knight & Albertsen, 2018). However,

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