This literature review explores the use of smart card-based user authentication in securing medical health records. It examines various techniques and algorithms, including certificateless aggregate signature schemes, privacy-preserving data integrity verification models, verifiable keyword search schemes, and robust two-factor authentication schemes. The review analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each approach, highlighting their potential for enhancing data integrity and privacy in healthcare settings. The review also discusses the role of distributed ledger technologies, fog computing, and the Internet of Things in securing medical data.