Smart Cities: Concept, Challenges, and Importance of IoT and Wireless Technology

Smart Cities

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Executive summary
A smart city is an advanced city that uses different types of information and
communication technologies to enhance the operational efficiency and users can share
their data from any location. The rate of the smart city is growing very fast and most of
the consumers use modern technologies to reduce efforts and time. Smart building is
also the best example of a smart city and with the help of ICT and wireless networks
users can communicate with their friends in a building. In this essay researcher will
describe the concept of smart city and challenges faced by the IoT in smart cities.

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Smart cities
A smart city is defined as an urban area which uses various kinds of electronic devices
and sensors to supply data that is also used to maintain the resources. It also involves
different types of data collections process from citizen, gadgets which are used to
analyse and control the traffic and transportation systems (Anagnostopoulos, et al.,
2017). The concept of the smart city was developed by the information and
communication technologies and many other technologies are connected to the
networks like IoT and wireless systems. The main objective of this essay is to describe
the fundamental concept of smart cities and the issues faced by the technologies used in
smart cities. IoT is an advanced technology which is used by many organizations and it
played a significant role in the area of smart cities. This technique provides a
communication path between two or more users and to transfer signals from
transmitter to receiver this process is used. It is observed that the main challenge or
issue faced by the wireless and IoT in smart cities is the security due to which users can
lose their personal data or information. The smart city innovation provides a platform
to interact with city infrastructure and community and it has the ability to control the
communication problems in urban areas. This essay is explaining the concept of smart
cities and the importance of information technology like IoT and wireless in smart cities
with their issues.
A smart city is also called as a municipality which uses the information and
communication techniques to control and monitor the operational efficiency and
maintain the quality of the public services and citizen welfare (Centenaro, et al., 2016).
There are main three technologies used during the development of a smart city, for
example, automation, internet of thing, and machine learning. The smart parking meter
is one of the best examples of the smart city which uses software to find the available
space in parking (Chakrabarty, and Engels, 2016). The smart meter also provides the
digital payment facility that avoids the problem of coins and cash. Smart energy focuses
on the energy conservation and efficiency of communication systems and using the
smart sensors and devices smart streetlights dim when there is no car on the road. This
type of technology also used to enhance the performance and efficiency of the
operational process. Ride-sharing and bike sharing both are very common examples of

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smart cities and most individuals move from one location to another by using this kind
of services(Ejaz, et al., 2016). Sustainability is another key factor of smart city and this
innovation also helps to increase the sustainable growth of cities and expend the
effectiveness of citizen welfare in coming next years. The advanced communication
technologies will change the cities and use of wireless networks are growing very fast
due to which there few security threats are also increased, for example, data breach,
malware attack, and ad-hoc problem. The Australian research council developed
various types of smart city policies in Australia and they identified that lack of security
is a very serious problem in the world (Fan, et al., 2014). The big data, digital analysis
processes and hi-tech interfaces can be used in the smart cities to re-image exist urban
environments. In the last few years, there are many mobile and computer networks
developed by information technology such as Li-Fi, 5G, Lora, IoT, and long-term
evaluation. With the help of all these technologies people can share their data or
information from one location to another and in smart cities, all these techniques are
used because IoT can be used for the long distance communication purpose. But the
main issue is that these are very limited by which all users cannot take profit of these
networks and IoT is very complex technology to design and implement (Gubbi, et al.,
2013). The network slicing is defined as a process where the mobile operators will be
categorised into small slice according to the requirement of the users and smart cities
use this technology to control and monitor the straight lights on roads (Guo, Liu, and
Chai, 2014).
The advanced digital technologies will change the cities and there is a profusion of IoT,
digital platforms, and sensors crossways all domains of urban areas. National, local and
state governments are designing and implementing different types of policies and
strategies for smart cities. The Lab requires a multi-disciplinary model for smart
urbanism, planning to the visions, bringing the perspectives of design, and practices of
smart technologies in Australia and other countries. It is observed that most the people
are living in the cities rather than rural localities and between 2010 and 2050 the
population of Australia is predicted to double of the current population. The Campus of
Sydney approached the city of Canada to be a best partner and participants along with
Logan city. Due to which a large amount of power has been lost and many IT companies
developed modern wireless networks that use very low power. In smart cities, the two