Department of Engineering and Computing - Smart Home
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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING
Department of Engineering and Computing
SMART HOME
Student’s first and last name
Student Number
A report submitted in part fulfilment of the degree of
BSc (Hons) in Your Programme
Supervisor: Supervisor Name
CN6103
31 August 2024
Department of Engineering and Computing
SMART HOME
Student’s first and last name
Student Number
A report submitted in part fulfilment of the degree of
BSc (Hons) in Your Programme
Supervisor: Supervisor Name
CN6103
31 August 2024
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Declaration
I, hereby declare that the work presented is original and has never been submitted for an award to
any university or institution of higher learning. I can confirm that where I have done consultations
either from published material or the works of others, it has been attributed in this report.
I, hereby declare that the work presented is original and has never been submitted for an award to
any university or institution of higher learning. I can confirm that where I have done consultations
either from published material or the works of others, it has been attributed in this report.
Approval
This project report titled Smart Home Application has been submitted for examination with my
approval as the supervisor
Signature: ................................................... Date: ............................
Supervisor.
This project report titled Smart Home Application has been submitted for examination with my
approval as the supervisor
Signature: ................................................... Date: ............................
Supervisor.
Acknowledgements
To the Almighty God, we thank Him for the love, affection and mercy He had for us throughout the
implementation of our final year project up to the time of producing this report.
My heartfelt gratitude goes to my supervisors; ---------------- who have been very instrumental in
this project by selflessly providing their time, expert advice and guidance that has enabled me
complete this project.
The support of family and friends during the period when carrying out this project cannot be left
unsaid. Our parents most especially have been so amazing during this period. To all other family
members and friends, words cannot fully express my gratitude to you but we sincerely appreciate
you for what you have been to us throughout the whole period of my career development.
I also sincerely grateful to our project team members for their dedication, hard work and
cooperation throughout the entire academic year to see this project to completion.
To the Almighty God, we thank Him for the love, affection and mercy He had for us throughout the
implementation of our final year project up to the time of producing this report.
My heartfelt gratitude goes to my supervisors; ---------------- who have been very instrumental in
this project by selflessly providing their time, expert advice and guidance that has enabled me
complete this project.
The support of family and friends during the period when carrying out this project cannot be left
unsaid. Our parents most especially have been so amazing during this period. To all other family
members and friends, words cannot fully express my gratitude to you but we sincerely appreciate
you for what you have been to us throughout the whole period of my career development.
I also sincerely grateful to our project team members for their dedication, hard work and
cooperation throughout the entire academic year to see this project to completion.
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Smart Home Application Student’s first and last name
Contents
Declaration....................................................................................................................... 2
Approval........................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................4
Abbreviations/Acronyms.....................................................................................................8
Abstract............................................................................................................................ 9
Chapter 1: Introduction...............................................................................................10
1.1 Problem Statement....................................................................................................10
1.2 Main Objective........................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Objectives.................................................................................................................. 11
1.4 Scope (where applicable)..........................................................................................11
1.5 Significance............................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2: Literature Review......................................................................................13
2.1 Smart Home............................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Features of the Smart Home System.........................................................................13
2.3 Challenges for the smart Home system.....................................................................14
2.4 The existing smart home systems.............................................................................14
2.5 Conclusions............................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3: Project Plan..............................................................................................17
3.1 Projected Budget....................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Project Schedule........................................................................................................ 20
3.2.2 Work Break down Structure.......................................................................................21
3.3 Project Roles and Responsibilities.............................................................................22
3.4 Milestone................................................................................................................... 23
3.5 APPROVALS............................................................................................................. 24
5
Contents
Declaration....................................................................................................................... 2
Approval........................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................4
Abbreviations/Acronyms.....................................................................................................8
Abstract............................................................................................................................ 9
Chapter 1: Introduction...............................................................................................10
1.1 Problem Statement....................................................................................................10
1.2 Main Objective........................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Objectives.................................................................................................................. 11
1.4 Scope (where applicable)..........................................................................................11
1.5 Significance............................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2: Literature Review......................................................................................13
2.1 Smart Home............................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Features of the Smart Home System.........................................................................13
2.3 Challenges for the smart Home system.....................................................................14
2.4 The existing smart home systems.............................................................................14
2.5 Conclusions............................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3: Project Plan..............................................................................................17
3.1 Projected Budget....................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Project Schedule........................................................................................................ 20
3.2.2 Work Break down Structure.......................................................................................21
3.3 Project Roles and Responsibilities.............................................................................22
3.4 Milestone................................................................................................................... 23
3.5 APPROVALS............................................................................................................. 24
5
Smart Home Application Student’s first and last name
Chapter 4: Proposed Solution....................................................................................25
4.1 The proposed smart Home system............................................................................25
Chapter 5: Ethical, Legal and Social Issues...............................................................27
5.1 Ethical issues............................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Legal issues............................................................................................................... 27
5.3 Social issues.............................................................................................................. 27
Chapter 6: Methodology.............................................................................................28
6.1 System Study and Analysis.......................................................................................28
6.2 Requirement Determination.......................................................................................28
6.3 System Design........................................................................................................... 29
6.4 System Implementation.............................................................................................30
6.5 System Testing and Validation.......................................................................................31
Chapter 7: SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION...........................................32
7.1 System Design............................................................................................................. 32
7.1.1 System Architecture..................................................................................................... 32
7.2 System Implementation.............................................................................................41
Chapter 8: PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS...............................45
8.1 Discussion of results:.................................................................................................45
Chapter 9: CONCLUSION..........................................................................................48
Chapter 10: RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................49
Chapter 11: FUTURE WORKS.................................................................................50
References.....................................................................................................................51
Appendix A - Final Project Proposal to be attached.......................................................54
Methods for data collection (determining the Requirements)................................................60
System Implementation............................................................................................................ 61
Appendix B - Application for ethical approval to be attached (if needed)........................62
Appendix C – Client Consent Form to be attached........................................................63
Additional Appendices (Interview questions)..................................................................64
6
Chapter 4: Proposed Solution....................................................................................25
4.1 The proposed smart Home system............................................................................25
Chapter 5: Ethical, Legal and Social Issues...............................................................27
5.1 Ethical issues............................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Legal issues............................................................................................................... 27
5.3 Social issues.............................................................................................................. 27
Chapter 6: Methodology.............................................................................................28
6.1 System Study and Analysis.......................................................................................28
6.2 Requirement Determination.......................................................................................28
6.3 System Design........................................................................................................... 29
6.4 System Implementation.............................................................................................30
6.5 System Testing and Validation.......................................................................................31
Chapter 7: SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION...........................................32
7.1 System Design............................................................................................................. 32
7.1.1 System Architecture..................................................................................................... 32
7.2 System Implementation.............................................................................................41
Chapter 8: PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS...............................45
8.1 Discussion of results:.................................................................................................45
Chapter 9: CONCLUSION..........................................................................................48
Chapter 10: RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................49
Chapter 11: FUTURE WORKS.................................................................................50
References.....................................................................................................................51
Appendix A - Final Project Proposal to be attached.......................................................54
Methods for data collection (determining the Requirements)................................................60
System Implementation............................................................................................................ 61
Appendix B - Application for ethical approval to be attached (if needed)........................62
Appendix C – Client Consent Form to be attached........................................................63
Additional Appendices (Interview questions)..................................................................64
6
Smart Home Application Student’s first and last name
Abbreviations/Acronyms
WHO World Health Organization
LED Light Emitting Diodes
ICT Information and Communication Technology
API Application Programming Interface
GPIO General Purpose Input – Output
USB Universal Serial Bus
HDMI High Definition Medium Interface
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
ECG Electrocardiograph
IRD Infra-Red Device
LAN Local Area Network
7
Abbreviations/Acronyms
WHO World Health Organization
LED Light Emitting Diodes
ICT Information and Communication Technology
API Application Programming Interface
GPIO General Purpose Input – Output
USB Universal Serial Bus
HDMI High Definition Medium Interface
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
ECG Electrocardiograph
IRD Infra-Red Device
LAN Local Area Network
7
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Smart Home Application Student’s first and last name
Abstract
Smart Home system has become famous because of the benefits of the automation of home
process. The home automation has several benefits and easy home operation. The Smart
home system refers to controlling of home devices through use of the local network or
remote controlling. The project discusses the smart home system, modern technology used
at home and different features of the smart home system. The project focus on monitoring
and controlling of home operation by use of electronic devices installed at Home. The
following devices are reviewed in details; Arduino or Raspberry pi, mobile application
based on android platform and internet of things.
.
8
Abstract
Smart Home system has become famous because of the benefits of the automation of home
process. The home automation has several benefits and easy home operation. The Smart
home system refers to controlling of home devices through use of the local network or
remote controlling. The project discusses the smart home system, modern technology used
at home and different features of the smart home system. The project focus on monitoring
and controlling of home operation by use of electronic devices installed at Home. The
following devices are reviewed in details; Arduino or Raspberry pi, mobile application
based on android platform and internet of things.
.
8
Chapter 1: Introduction
The modern home has lighting, Alarm, security and electrical equipment. This home equipment
needs to be controlled at a distance using Smart phone or through internet. The owner of the
Smart home can control electrical locks to access home, house, Home security and video
surveillance system, lighting in main house and outside and air conditioning. There is need to
have smart home system which can help the home owner to control their home automatically by
getting information from the sensors. The micro-controller obtain value for the physical
condition using the sensors. The temperature values are read using the temperature sensor. The
smoke and gases are detected using the gas sensor to prevent smoke at home or in the house. The
light controlling is done by use of Light Dependent Resistor that detects the day light intensity.
The object motions are detected using motion detector by use of Passive infrared sensor that
detects any movement at home and turns on security system. The switch relay is used to control
switching on and off of the electrical devices. The smart Home system is developed with the one
factor authentication system using username and password to access system feature. The smart
home mobile application is used as the input device in controlling home devices and also as the
output device to read values from the sensors.
1.1 Problem Statement.
Most home owner uses manually methods /techniques to control or operate home such as
switching on and off of light, switching on and off for electronic devices and opening and
closing of door are done manually. For bigger house or home this process is tiresome and time
consuming to go to every room to switch on light. The manual process is time consuming and
costly. Sometimes home owner could be away from their homes for one or two days so it
become difficult to operate their homes while away. There is need to integrate all the home
activities for switching on and off of the home devices into one home smart application that can
automatically control lights, electrical locks and electronical devices such as Television. The
smart home application is efficient and effective to use. The home owner do not need to be
around home to operate the home. The home owner can switch on light at a distance.
9
The modern home has lighting, Alarm, security and electrical equipment. This home equipment
needs to be controlled at a distance using Smart phone or through internet. The owner of the
Smart home can control electrical locks to access home, house, Home security and video
surveillance system, lighting in main house and outside and air conditioning. There is need to
have smart home system which can help the home owner to control their home automatically by
getting information from the sensors. The micro-controller obtain value for the physical
condition using the sensors. The temperature values are read using the temperature sensor. The
smoke and gases are detected using the gas sensor to prevent smoke at home or in the house. The
light controlling is done by use of Light Dependent Resistor that detects the day light intensity.
The object motions are detected using motion detector by use of Passive infrared sensor that
detects any movement at home and turns on security system. The switch relay is used to control
switching on and off of the electrical devices. The smart Home system is developed with the one
factor authentication system using username and password to access system feature. The smart
home mobile application is used as the input device in controlling home devices and also as the
output device to read values from the sensors.
1.1 Problem Statement.
Most home owner uses manually methods /techniques to control or operate home such as
switching on and off of light, switching on and off for electronic devices and opening and
closing of door are done manually. For bigger house or home this process is tiresome and time
consuming to go to every room to switch on light. The manual process is time consuming and
costly. Sometimes home owner could be away from their homes for one or two days so it
become difficult to operate their homes while away. There is need to integrate all the home
activities for switching on and off of the home devices into one home smart application that can
automatically control lights, electrical locks and electronical devices such as Television. The
smart home application is efficient and effective to use. The home owner do not need to be
around home to operate the home. The home owner can switch on light at a distance.
9
1.2 Main Objective.
To develop smart home application that will assist the home owner to operate their home
automatically.
1.3 Objectives.
(i) To determine the requirements of the automated smart home system.
(ii) To design the model of the system that helps the home owners to operate their home
automatically.
(iii) To implement the Smart Home system.
(iv) To test the implemented Smart Home system.
(v) To fully deploy and demonstrate the system that enables the own owner to operate
their home automatically.
1.4 Scope (where applicable).
The SMARTHOME is a system composed of a mobile application that runs on Android platform
which enables home owner to operate their homes based on the information provided by the
embedded system (ultra-sonic sensors).
It has three main components namely:
i. A client-side application which will run on Android phones. It will enable the Smart Home
owners to operate their home using the smart phone.
ii. A server-side application stores and responds to home owner request for example opening doors
basing on the information provided by the third component (embedded system) that uses
ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence or absence of the objects.
There is intention to sample one smart home in Sydney city of Australia to carry out research and
collect detailed data from the home.
10
To develop smart home application that will assist the home owner to operate their home
automatically.
1.3 Objectives.
(i) To determine the requirements of the automated smart home system.
(ii) To design the model of the system that helps the home owners to operate their home
automatically.
(iii) To implement the Smart Home system.
(iv) To test the implemented Smart Home system.
(v) To fully deploy and demonstrate the system that enables the own owner to operate
their home automatically.
1.4 Scope (where applicable).
The SMARTHOME is a system composed of a mobile application that runs on Android platform
which enables home owner to operate their homes based on the information provided by the
embedded system (ultra-sonic sensors).
It has three main components namely:
i. A client-side application which will run on Android phones. It will enable the Smart Home
owners to operate their home using the smart phone.
ii. A server-side application stores and responds to home owner request for example opening doors
basing on the information provided by the third component (embedded system) that uses
ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence or absence of the objects.
There is intention to sample one smart home in Sydney city of Australia to carry out research and
collect detailed data from the home.
10
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1.5 Significance.
So much research has been put into the area of organized smart Home most especially in
developed countries. As a result, various related projects have been done some of which we shall
discuss in the next section. Much as solutions to the Home problem have been proposed, our
research is still important because we aim to automate home and make life for home owner
easier
The system that we propose presents the following benefits:
(i) The smart home system is to be developed to help Home owner have prior
information on the home operations, device and device status. This does not only
make home safe but also;
(ii) Saves the home owner the amount of time and they would waste on operating home
such as going to every room of the house to switch on and off light.
(iii) It attracts more home owners to uses the service of the smart home system since most
people love convenient and organized services. The home owner will enjoy to stay in
their home because most operation are flexible and easy to operate.
Because our project has a small scope, our biggest aim is to first succeed with a small sample
space by putting theory into practice. Through this, we can assess how quickly and/or easily the
environment adapts to the system before trying to make the system more large scale.
11
So much research has been put into the area of organized smart Home most especially in
developed countries. As a result, various related projects have been done some of which we shall
discuss in the next section. Much as solutions to the Home problem have been proposed, our
research is still important because we aim to automate home and make life for home owner
easier
The system that we propose presents the following benefits:
(i) The smart home system is to be developed to help Home owner have prior
information on the home operations, device and device status. This does not only
make home safe but also;
(ii) Saves the home owner the amount of time and they would waste on operating home
such as going to every room of the house to switch on and off light.
(iii) It attracts more home owners to uses the service of the smart home system since most
people love convenient and organized services. The home owner will enjoy to stay in
their home because most operation are flexible and easy to operate.
Because our project has a small scope, our biggest aim is to first succeed with a small sample
space by putting theory into practice. Through this, we can assess how quickly and/or easily the
environment adapts to the system before trying to make the system more large scale.
11
Chapter 2: Literature Review.
This section, discusses the Smart Home System features, technologies, benefits, challenges and
the existing system.
2.1 Smart Home.
The Smart home is also known as Home automation because there is use of modern technology
to make home operations secure, economical, convenient and comfortable [12]. The system
automates most of home operation. The operation is done remotely. The system integrates all
operations of the home one application.
2.2 Features of the Smart Home System.
The features of the smart home system are as follows:
User interface: The user interfaces are computer, monitor or android phone that capture data and
control the system.
Transmission mode: use of wired connections for example Ethernet or Wireless (radio waves,
infrared, Bluetooth, GSM).
Central Controller: The hardware interface that interfaces with the user interface to control the
Home.
Electronic devices: The electronic devices are devices that are used at homes for example radio
system, television, the AC, the heater what are compatible with the mode of transmission and are
connected to the system control unit.
12
This section, discusses the Smart Home System features, technologies, benefits, challenges and
the existing system.
2.1 Smart Home.
The Smart home is also known as Home automation because there is use of modern technology
to make home operations secure, economical, convenient and comfortable [12]. The system
automates most of home operation. The operation is done remotely. The system integrates all
operations of the home one application.
2.2 Features of the Smart Home System.
The features of the smart home system are as follows:
User interface: The user interfaces are computer, monitor or android phone that capture data and
control the system.
Transmission mode: use of wired connections for example Ethernet or Wireless (radio waves,
infrared, Bluetooth, GSM).
Central Controller: The hardware interface that interfaces with the user interface to control the
Home.
Electronic devices: The electronic devices are devices that are used at homes for example radio
system, television, the AC, the heater what are compatible with the mode of transmission and are
connected to the system control unit.
12
2.3 Challenges for the smart Home system.
John J. Greichen [12] stated that the problems faced by the smart home system are as follows;
high costs of manufacturing, high costs for development, high cost of installation, high support
cost, lack of smart home standards, client not familiar with technology, user interface which are
complex and rapid advancement of technology. These factors have led to popular use of
electronic devices at home.
2.4 The existing systems.
The Smart Home system is the system that is based on using Wi-Fi technology.
In few years ago, the smart homes system based on the wireless uses the Remote Control to
operate homes [1]. The smart home system uses the wireless technologies to provide several
merits that were not provided by the wired network [1].
The System is made of three main components: The web server, that presents the system core
control, monitor home ,control hardware interface module, Wi-Fi shield PCB, three input
alarms PCB, and three output actuators PCB, that provide the suitable interfaces for sensors and
actuator for the smart home system. The smart Home System based on wireless technology is
good for scalable and flexible view point than the commercial available smart Home
system[12]. The home owner can login to the web based smart home system when the server is
connected to be internet and remotely access the system via the internet using the web browsers
such as Mozilla Firefox.
The following are merits of the wireless system.
Reducing Installation costs.
The wireless system does not support use of the cabling this reduces cost of installation.
The connectivity of Internet.
The devices are controlled in any part of the global by use on the mobile phone to operates the
smart Home.
Security.
it is easy to smart home security system that ensure the security of the home.
13
John J. Greichen [12] stated that the problems faced by the smart home system are as follows;
high costs of manufacturing, high costs for development, high cost of installation, high support
cost, lack of smart home standards, client not familiar with technology, user interface which are
complex and rapid advancement of technology. These factors have led to popular use of
electronic devices at home.
2.4 The existing systems.
The Smart Home system is the system that is based on using Wi-Fi technology.
In few years ago, the smart homes system based on the wireless uses the Remote Control to
operate homes [1]. The smart home system uses the wireless technologies to provide several
merits that were not provided by the wired network [1].
The System is made of three main components: The web server, that presents the system core
control, monitor home ,control hardware interface module, Wi-Fi shield PCB, three input
alarms PCB, and three output actuators PCB, that provide the suitable interfaces for sensors and
actuator for the smart home system. The smart Home System based on wireless technology is
good for scalable and flexible view point than the commercial available smart Home
system[12]. The home owner can login to the web based smart home system when the server is
connected to be internet and remotely access the system via the internet using the web browsers
such as Mozilla Firefox.
The following are merits of the wireless system.
Reducing Installation costs.
The wireless system does not support use of the cabling this reduces cost of installation.
The connectivity of Internet.
The devices are controlled in any part of the global by use on the mobile phone to operates the
smart Home.
Security.
it is easy to smart home security system that ensure the security of the home.
13
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The smart Home system developed basing on the android platform.
The interface card is implemented to ensure the interaction between the home owner, raspberry
pi card, home devices and server [2]. The Smart Home system developed basing on android
application is installed on the smart phone running android plafrom.The web server stores the
parameters and the raspberry pi card are used to control closing and opening of doors and
windows. The smart Home android application provides commands to the raspberry pi card.
The interface card updates the signals between the actuator sensors and the raspberry pi card.
Cloud-Based Smart Home system.
The system collects the metadata of the home devices and sends them to the cloud-based data
server which stores the Hadoop Distributed File System and processes the data using the
MapReduce and provides monitoring function to the home owner [3].
Smart Home system implemented using the Raspberry Pi.
The smart home system is developed using the Raspberry Pi by reading the E-mail of the
subject and algorithms. The Raspberry Pi is a powerful, economical and efficient platform for
developing the smart home system [4]. The smart home system developed using the Raspberry
pi is better than other methods of developing the smart home system[10]. For example, the
home developed using the dual tone multi-frequency [11], the call tariff is a big challenge, that
cannot be proposed as the right method. The system developed basing on the Web server
technologies requires the use of the already existing web server such as google servers.
Smart Home system developed basing on the ZigBee wireless network.
The ZigBee Wireless network is used to connect sensors and actuators [1]. The simple smart
socket is developed that remote controls ZigBee [6]. The personal computer is used as a host
that collects data and detects motions [7]. The data is then transferred to the VM in the cloud.
The monitoring and controlling are done using the personal computer or android phone by
internet to the power -saving home.
14
The interface card is implemented to ensure the interaction between the home owner, raspberry
pi card, home devices and server [2]. The Smart Home system developed basing on android
application is installed on the smart phone running android plafrom.The web server stores the
parameters and the raspberry pi card are used to control closing and opening of doors and
windows. The smart Home android application provides commands to the raspberry pi card.
The interface card updates the signals between the actuator sensors and the raspberry pi card.
Cloud-Based Smart Home system.
The system collects the metadata of the home devices and sends them to the cloud-based data
server which stores the Hadoop Distributed File System and processes the data using the
MapReduce and provides monitoring function to the home owner [3].
Smart Home system implemented using the Raspberry Pi.
The smart home system is developed using the Raspberry Pi by reading the E-mail of the
subject and algorithms. The Raspberry Pi is a powerful, economical and efficient platform for
developing the smart home system [4]. The smart home system developed using the Raspberry
pi is better than other methods of developing the smart home system[10]. For example, the
home developed using the dual tone multi-frequency [11], the call tariff is a big challenge, that
cannot be proposed as the right method. The system developed basing on the Web server
technologies requires the use of the already existing web server such as google servers.
Smart Home system developed basing on the ZigBee wireless network.
The ZigBee Wireless network is used to connect sensors and actuators [1]. The simple smart
socket is developed that remote controls ZigBee [6]. The personal computer is used as a host
that collects data and detects motions [7]. The data is then transferred to the VM in the cloud.
The monitoring and controlling are done using the personal computer or android phone by
internet to the power -saving home.
14
Smart home system developed using Arduino microcontroller.
The Arduino microcontroller receives commands from home user that are executed through
Ethernet shield. The home network is used together with wireless ZigBee and Wired X10
technologies [6]. The mobile phone is wired on the central controller or by use of the USB cable
that communicate with the system wirelessly, around the home[1]. The system developed using
Arduino is composed of the web server application that communicate via the HTTP protocol
with Web-based Android application. The system is flexible, scalable and expandable.
2.5 Conclusions
The traditional method for monitoring and controlling home operations are usually carried out
using manual method. This method requires dedicated manpower and sometimes it is difficult for
home owner to go in every room of each house to switch of light of big house.
Smart Home system is therefore a tool that provides monitoring and controlling home operations.
Ideally, these systems should be capable of carefully, conveniently and robustly monitoring and
controlling homes remotely without interfering significantly with their comfort.
15
The Arduino microcontroller receives commands from home user that are executed through
Ethernet shield. The home network is used together with wireless ZigBee and Wired X10
technologies [6]. The mobile phone is wired on the central controller or by use of the USB cable
that communicate with the system wirelessly, around the home[1]. The system developed using
Arduino is composed of the web server application that communicate via the HTTP protocol
with Web-based Android application. The system is flexible, scalable and expandable.
2.5 Conclusions
The traditional method for monitoring and controlling home operations are usually carried out
using manual method. This method requires dedicated manpower and sometimes it is difficult for
home owner to go in every room of each house to switch of light of big house.
Smart Home system is therefore a tool that provides monitoring and controlling home operations.
Ideally, these systems should be capable of carefully, conveniently and robustly monitoring and
controlling homes remotely without interfering significantly with their comfort.
15
Chapter 3: Project Plan.
Purpose of Plan
The project plan is to provide the definition for the project. The plan is to act as the tool of
agreement between the project stakeholders. The follow are the project’s goals and objectives.
The Project Plan defines the following:
Project purpose
Business and project goals and objectives
Scope and expectations
Roles and responsibilities
Assumptions and constraints
Project management approach
Ground rules for the project
Project budget
Project timeline
The conceptual design of new technology
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
Business Goals and Objectives
The business goals and objectives for this project focuses on the development of the smart home
application that:
Controls home activities such as opening the gate.
Automate home activities.
Ensure home is safe.
Provides home remote operation that is you do not need to be at home to open and
close the gate.
16
Purpose of Plan
The project plan is to provide the definition for the project. The plan is to act as the tool of
agreement between the project stakeholders. The follow are the project’s goals and objectives.
The Project Plan defines the following:
Project purpose
Business and project goals and objectives
Scope and expectations
Roles and responsibilities
Assumptions and constraints
Project management approach
Ground rules for the project
Project budget
Project timeline
The conceptual design of new technology
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
Business Goals and Objectives
The business goals and objectives for this project focuses on the development of the smart home
application that:
Controls home activities such as opening the gate.
Automate home activities.
Ensure home is safe.
Provides home remote operation that is you do not need to be at home to open and
close the gate.
16
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Project Goals and Objectives
The smart Home goals and objectives.
Ensures the application is completed in time.
Ensures the application is completed within the budget.
Ensure the application meet the all requirements of the home.
SCOPE.
Scope Definition.
The Project will introduce new smart home application; including the following:
Raspberry Pi.
Arduino Mega 2560.
Sensor.
Android application
Including the following interfaces:
* Smart Home application.
Desired Enhancements
* Ethernet
* Wireless
* bluetooth
17
The smart Home goals and objectives.
Ensures the application is completed in time.
Ensures the application is completed within the budget.
Ensure the application meet the all requirements of the home.
SCOPE.
Scope Definition.
The Project will introduce new smart home application; including the following:
Raspberry Pi.
Arduino Mega 2560.
Sensor.
Android application
Including the following interfaces:
* Smart Home application.
Desired Enhancements
* Ethernet
* Wireless
* bluetooth
17
3.1 Projected Budget
3.1.1 Table 1 bellow shows the Projected Budget for the smart Home system
project.
Item Quantit
y
Unit
Price(dollar)
Amount(dollar)
Arduino kit(Arduino UNO ,
breadboard ,basic sensors, LEDs
and 30 jumpires)
1 200 200
HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. 4 150 600
Internet packages 50
Raspberry Pi. 1 200 200
Implementation of android
application
1 1000 1000
TOTAL 2050
18
3.1.1 Table 1 bellow shows the Projected Budget for the smart Home system
project.
Item Quantit
y
Unit
Price(dollar)
Amount(dollar)
Arduino kit(Arduino UNO ,
breadboard ,basic sensors, LEDs
and 30 jumpires)
1 200 200
HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. 4 150 600
Internet packages 50
Raspberry Pi. 1 200 200
Implementation of android
application
1 1000 1000
TOTAL 2050
18
3.2 Project Schedule.
3.2.1.1 Table 2 Below show the workplan for the smart home
PROJECT SCHEDULE
SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2
Months Dec
Week
2
Dec
Week
3
Jan
Week
1
Jan
Week
2
Jan
Week
3
Jan
Week
4
Feb
Week
1
Feb
Week
2
Data collection
Data Analysis
System Design
Implementation
White box Testing
Black box Testing
System Validation
Deployment
19
3.2.1.1 Table 2 Below show the workplan for the smart home
PROJECT SCHEDULE
SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2
Months Dec
Week
2
Dec
Week
3
Jan
Week
1
Jan
Week
2
Jan
Week
3
Jan
Week
4
Feb
Week
1
Feb
Week
2
Data collection
Data Analysis
System Design
Implementation
White box Testing
Black box Testing
System Validation
Deployment
19
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3.2.2 Work Break down Structure.
3.2.2.1 Figure 1 below shows the work breakdown structure for the
smart Home project.
3.2.3 Gantt Chart.
3.2.3.1 Figure 2 below shows the Gantt chart diagram for the smart
Home Project.
20
3.2.2.1 Figure 1 below shows the work breakdown structure for the
smart Home project.
3.2.3 Gantt Chart.
3.2.3.1 Figure 2 below shows the Gantt chart diagram for the smart
Home Project.
20
3.3 Project Roles and Responsibilities.
3.3.1 Table 3 below shows the project roles and responsibilities for the smart home
system.
Role Responsibilities Participant(s)
Home owner System requiremtent for the home Insert Name
Project
manager
Design ,implement and test program
Ensure the project satisfies customer
requiremt.
Ensure project is complete in time
Manages project
Run the project according to the plan
of the project.
Serves as liaison to the Steering
Committee
Receive guidance from Steering
Committee
Provide overall project direction
Direct/lead team members toward
project objectives
Handle problem resolution
Manages the project budget
Insert Names
Programmer Code the final system and test it.
Project
Participants
Understand the user needs and business
processes of their area
Act as consumer advocate in
representing their area
Communicate project goals, status and
progress throughout the project to
personnel in their area
Review and approve project deliverables
To be identified by Steering
Committee
21
3.3.1 Table 3 below shows the project roles and responsibilities for the smart home
system.
Role Responsibilities Participant(s)
Home owner System requiremtent for the home Insert Name
Project
manager
Design ,implement and test program
Ensure the project satisfies customer
requiremt.
Ensure project is complete in time
Manages project
Run the project according to the plan
of the project.
Serves as liaison to the Steering
Committee
Receive guidance from Steering
Committee
Provide overall project direction
Direct/lead team members toward
project objectives
Handle problem resolution
Manages the project budget
Insert Names
Programmer Code the final system and test it.
Project
Participants
Understand the user needs and business
processes of their area
Act as consumer advocate in
representing their area
Communicate project goals, status and
progress throughout the project to
personnel in their area
Review and approve project deliverables
To be identified by Steering
Committee
21
Role Responsibilities Participant(s)
Coordinates participation of work
groups, individuals and stakeholders
Provide knowledge and
recommendations
Helps identify and remove project
barriers
Assure quality of products that will meet
the project goals and objectives
Identify risks and issues and help in
resolutions
3.4 Milestone.
The following represent key project milestones, with estimated completion dates:
Milestone Estimated Completion Date
Initial 12/20/2019
Design and Implementation 1/10/2020
Execution 1/15//2020
control 1/20/2020
close out 1/21/2020
22
Coordinates participation of work
groups, individuals and stakeholders
Provide knowledge and
recommendations
Helps identify and remove project
barriers
Assure quality of products that will meet
the project goals and objectives
Identify risks and issues and help in
resolutions
3.4 Milestone.
The following represent key project milestones, with estimated completion dates:
Milestone Estimated Completion Date
Initial 12/20/2019
Design and Implementation 1/10/2020
Execution 1/15//2020
control 1/20/2020
close out 1/21/2020
22
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3.5 APPROVALS.
Sign-off Sheet
I have read the above Project Plan and will abide by its terms and conditions
and pledge my full commitment and support for the Project Plan.
Project Sponsor:
Date
Project Manager:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
23
Sign-off Sheet
I have read the above Project Plan and will abide by its terms and conditions
and pledge my full commitment and support for the Project Plan.
Project Sponsor:
Date
Project Manager:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
Steering Committee:
Date
23
Chapter 4: Proposed Solution
4.1 The proposed smart Home system.
The smart home shall have sensor, central controller ,user interface ,devices and controlling
system.
4.1.1 Figure 3 above shows the basic block diagram for the smart Home application.
There many applications which exist which has automated most home process.But there
are very few system which all home operations are intergrated on one application.This
smart home application shall intergrate all home operation on one application.The
operations asuch as lighting ,opeing gate and doors,security alarm operation are
intergrated on one application.
The smart home android application shall act as user interface. The Raspberry Pi stores the
information about sensors at home and communicates to the smart home android
application via ethernet, Bluetooth, GSM or wi-fi.
The Raspberry Pi controller uses the interface card as the communication interfaces to send
commands to the smart home android application to control closing and opening of home
windows.
24
4.1 The proposed smart Home system.
The smart home shall have sensor, central controller ,user interface ,devices and controlling
system.
4.1.1 Figure 3 above shows the basic block diagram for the smart Home application.
There many applications which exist which has automated most home process.But there
are very few system which all home operations are intergrated on one application.This
smart home application shall intergrate all home operation on one application.The
operations asuch as lighting ,opeing gate and doors,security alarm operation are
intergrated on one application.
The smart home android application shall act as user interface. The Raspberry Pi stores the
information about sensors at home and communicates to the smart home android
application via ethernet, Bluetooth, GSM or wi-fi.
The Raspberry Pi controller uses the interface card as the communication interfaces to send
commands to the smart home android application to control closing and opening of home
windows.
24
The sensor has to detect the conditions at home, movement, fire and sends commands to
the raspberry Pi which then transmits this information to the Smart Hone application and
user can control lighting by switching on and off. Open the gate or door on his or her.
All electronical home devices are connected on the application the user is able to switch
on the television on his /her application.
The Arduino Mega 2560 also acts as the controller. It uses micro web service as a
communication interface and store sensor details and transmit them to the smart home
application.
25
the raspberry Pi which then transmits this information to the Smart Hone application and
user can control lighting by switching on and off. Open the gate or door on his or her.
All electronical home devices are connected on the application the user is able to switch
on the television on his /her application.
The Arduino Mega 2560 also acts as the controller. It uses micro web service as a
communication interface and store sensor details and transmit them to the smart home
application.
25
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Chapter 5: Ethical, Legal and Social Issues
5.1 Ethical issues.
Approval for the study will be sought from the Faculty. Written informed consent of
participants will be obtained (Appendix I). Confidentiality of participants will be
maintained at all times. To further maintain confidentiality, no form of identifiers will be in
the questionnaires. Participation will be voluntary, and participants will be informed that
they could withdraw from the study at any stage of the interview if they so desired, without
any penalty.
5.2 Legal issues.
The project is the legal document and has the copy right of the university there shall be no
organisation, company or group shall claim to be owner of this project. This project has
ensured all legal measures are put into consideration.
5.3 Social issues.
The Smart Home system enable home owners to learn how to operate homes .This project
is educative to home owner and enable home owners to interact with the system.
26
5.1 Ethical issues.
Approval for the study will be sought from the Faculty. Written informed consent of
participants will be obtained (Appendix I). Confidentiality of participants will be
maintained at all times. To further maintain confidentiality, no form of identifiers will be in
the questionnaires. Participation will be voluntary, and participants will be informed that
they could withdraw from the study at any stage of the interview if they so desired, without
any penalty.
5.2 Legal issues.
The project is the legal document and has the copy right of the university there shall be no
organisation, company or group shall claim to be owner of this project. This project has
ensured all legal measures are put into consideration.
5.3 Social issues.
The Smart Home system enable home owners to learn how to operate homes .This project
is educative to home owner and enable home owners to interact with the system.
26
Chapter 6: Methodology.
This section entails the various methods, tools and techniques that are employed so as to
fulfil the specific objectives which in turn fulfil the main objective which is the
development of a smart Home system. This study will involve mainly qualitative
methods. This is because the research requires people’s views and opinions, and analysis
of documents.
6.1 System Study and Analysis.
This section will look at the in-depth study of current existing system, identifying its
limitations and problems and then identifying user requirements of the proposed system.
6.2 Requirement Determination.
A ‘Requirement’ defines a feature to be included in a system. Requirement determination
involves looking at current business situation, collecting and analysing data and
information about who is involved plus also what data and information is used, and how
the current system can be improved [9]. The requirements are either functional or non-
functional:
i. Functional requirements are the specifications of what the system is exactly
supposed to do and their main output is the actual product of the system. In short,
they are the basic functions that the system will be able to perform [9].
ii. Non-functional requirements are the specifications that characterize the behavior
of the system and their output is the effect the system has on the users.
6.2.1 Methods for data collection
The data collection process will involve using interviews, literature reviews observation.
i. Interviews; these are well structured questions that will be conducted to the
stakeholders on a one to one-person basis to gain a deeper understanding of the
needs of the system. They can contain questions that are close ended to choose a
particular path of action or open ended to gather a deeper insight into the subject.
During interviews with home owner they replied that they uses manual operation to
operate their home such as witching on and off of lighting and complained of the
27
This section entails the various methods, tools and techniques that are employed so as to
fulfil the specific objectives which in turn fulfil the main objective which is the
development of a smart Home system. This study will involve mainly qualitative
methods. This is because the research requires people’s views and opinions, and analysis
of documents.
6.1 System Study and Analysis.
This section will look at the in-depth study of current existing system, identifying its
limitations and problems and then identifying user requirements of the proposed system.
6.2 Requirement Determination.
A ‘Requirement’ defines a feature to be included in a system. Requirement determination
involves looking at current business situation, collecting and analysing data and
information about who is involved plus also what data and information is used, and how
the current system can be improved [9]. The requirements are either functional or non-
functional:
i. Functional requirements are the specifications of what the system is exactly
supposed to do and their main output is the actual product of the system. In short,
they are the basic functions that the system will be able to perform [9].
ii. Non-functional requirements are the specifications that characterize the behavior
of the system and their output is the effect the system has on the users.
6.2.1 Methods for data collection
The data collection process will involve using interviews, literature reviews observation.
i. Interviews; these are well structured questions that will be conducted to the
stakeholders on a one to one-person basis to gain a deeper understanding of the
needs of the system. They can contain questions that are close ended to choose a
particular path of action or open ended to gather a deeper insight into the subject.
During interviews with home owner they replied that they uses manual operation to
operate their home such as witching on and off of lighting and complained of the
27
wasting time going to every room to switch off and on light. Sometimes home
owner could be away from their homes for one or two days so it become difficult to
operate their homes while away.
ii. Observation; this is a process which involves watching an activity as it takes place
so as to collect information on that activity [9]. There was observation at the
home the home owner has to wait for the security guard to open for them the
gate.
iii. Literature review; this will help us identify the indicators which other researchers
have used before in similar research projects and then see how these can be applied
in the system being developed. This literature review will involve the use of
journals, books and other research projects that were conducted to solve the same
problem.
6.3 System Design.
This stage is about translating requirements into design specifications. System design
involves: Conceptual design, Prototyping, and a detailed design. This involves specifying
distinguishing characteristics, abstracting functions it will perform and how they occur.
The design involves three stages:
i. Architectural design. This will involve a database engine to store data, a web
server, User interface and communication channel for exchanging data.
ii. Database design: This will involve Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). ERDs
illustrate logical structures of databases. They show entities in a database and the
relationships between tables within that database.
iii. Process design; involves the use of Data Flow Diagrams (DFD). DFDs are charts
which show the movement of data through a system.
28
owner could be away from their homes for one or two days so it become difficult to
operate their homes while away.
ii. Observation; this is a process which involves watching an activity as it takes place
so as to collect information on that activity [9]. There was observation at the
home the home owner has to wait for the security guard to open for them the
gate.
iii. Literature review; this will help us identify the indicators which other researchers
have used before in similar research projects and then see how these can be applied
in the system being developed. This literature review will involve the use of
journals, books and other research projects that were conducted to solve the same
problem.
6.3 System Design.
This stage is about translating requirements into design specifications. System design
involves: Conceptual design, Prototyping, and a detailed design. This involves specifying
distinguishing characteristics, abstracting functions it will perform and how they occur.
The design involves three stages:
i. Architectural design. This will involve a database engine to store data, a web
server, User interface and communication channel for exchanging data.
ii. Database design: This will involve Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). ERDs
illustrate logical structures of databases. They show entities in a database and the
relationships between tables within that database.
iii. Process design; involves the use of Data Flow Diagrams (DFD). DFDs are charts
which show the movement of data through a system.
28
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6.4 System Implementation.
A prototype is the working model of an automated system. It will be used to clarify
requirements to be built in the proposed system and to evaluate system features. The
prototype will be an integrated system with 3 main components that will solve the parking
management.
It will be composed of an embedded system that will detect the presence and absence of
objects using the ultrasonic sensors that are connected to the arduino board whose
programming logic will be written in the C language.
In this phase, the different design components form independent modules which were then
programmed to bring the functionality to life. The objective was to come up with an
executable system that enables consistent monitoring and control of home operations. The
system comprises of hard ware and software components. The hardware components
include the raspberry pi, sensor, LED lights, LCD, and a smart phone running on android
platform The reasons why we chose to use raspberry pi include:
Simplicity and clearness of the programming environment - The IDE used by
the programmers who are beginners easily and very flexible for experiences
programmers.
Open source software .
The remarkable ability of Raspberry Pi to multitask implies that several tasks
can be run from background which is of great advantage for scalability.
Raspberry has a faster processing speed as compared to most of the
microprocessors/Microcontrollers making it the ideal choice for this project.
Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the boards are published
under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make
their own version of the module, extending it and improving it.
Ethernet capability:
29
A prototype is the working model of an automated system. It will be used to clarify
requirements to be built in the proposed system and to evaluate system features. The
prototype will be an integrated system with 3 main components that will solve the parking
management.
It will be composed of an embedded system that will detect the presence and absence of
objects using the ultrasonic sensors that are connected to the arduino board whose
programming logic will be written in the C language.
In this phase, the different design components form independent modules which were then
programmed to bring the functionality to life. The objective was to come up with an
executable system that enables consistent monitoring and control of home operations. The
system comprises of hard ware and software components. The hardware components
include the raspberry pi, sensor, LED lights, LCD, and a smart phone running on android
platform The reasons why we chose to use raspberry pi include:
Simplicity and clearness of the programming environment - The IDE used by
the programmers who are beginners easily and very flexible for experiences
programmers.
Open source software .
The remarkable ability of Raspberry Pi to multitask implies that several tasks
can be run from background which is of great advantage for scalability.
Raspberry has a faster processing speed as compared to most of the
microprocessors/Microcontrollers making it the ideal choice for this project.
Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the boards are published
under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make
their own version of the module, extending it and improving it.
Ethernet capability:
29
6.5 System Testing and Validation.
After implementation, the system has to be tested to make sure it satisfies the
requirements. There are different methods of testing which are described below:
Black box testing: A software testing method in which the internal
structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is not known to the
tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually
functional.
White box testing: A software testing method in which the internal
structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is known to the
tester.
The techniques that will be used hand in hand with these testing methods include:
Unit testing: The act of testing software at the most basic (object) level.
Generally performed by developers.
Acceptance testing: These tests are the basic verification tests i.e.
rudimentary tests which prove whether or not a given build is worth deeper
testing.
Functional testing: Functional testing takes a user story or a product
feature and tests all of the functionality contained within that feature.
System testing: Testing the project as a collective system. This can either
be white box testing or black box testing or both.
After thorough testing and proving that the system fulfils its requirements, it is
deployed for use. However, the training of the system users on how the system works
for effective benefits from the system.
30
After implementation, the system has to be tested to make sure it satisfies the
requirements. There are different methods of testing which are described below:
Black box testing: A software testing method in which the internal
structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is not known to the
tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually
functional.
White box testing: A software testing method in which the internal
structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is known to the
tester.
The techniques that will be used hand in hand with these testing methods include:
Unit testing: The act of testing software at the most basic (object) level.
Generally performed by developers.
Acceptance testing: These tests are the basic verification tests i.e.
rudimentary tests which prove whether or not a given build is worth deeper
testing.
Functional testing: Functional testing takes a user story or a product
feature and tests all of the functionality contained within that feature.
System testing: Testing the project as a collective system. This can either
be white box testing or black box testing or both.
After thorough testing and proving that the system fulfils its requirements, it is
deployed for use. However, the training of the system users on how the system works
for effective benefits from the system.
30
Chapter 7: SYSTEM DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 System Design
This is a detailed description of the systems design.
Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. This chapter should
have the following sections.
7.1.1 System Architecture.
The system runs on the client-server architecture, and the components include the android
mobile application, Raspberry Pi which is the Minicomputer, Interfaces on the hardware
bit is the android application on which the parameters are displayed and using http
protocol the data is send to a webserver which hosts the MySQL database, the data passed
will include the sensor information such as temperature .
The home operations are captured using their respective sensors and displayed on the
application values are also compared to check for consistence with what is defined as to be
within the normal range of values. Normal values are indicated with blue LED showing all
the readings are within the normal range whereas deviation from the normal will be
indicated with the blinking of a red LED that shows exception and calls for attention of the
home owner in charge. These results are periodically sent to server.
31
IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 System Design
This is a detailed description of the systems design.
Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. This chapter should
have the following sections.
7.1.1 System Architecture.
The system runs on the client-server architecture, and the components include the android
mobile application, Raspberry Pi which is the Minicomputer, Interfaces on the hardware
bit is the android application on which the parameters are displayed and using http
protocol the data is send to a webserver which hosts the MySQL database, the data passed
will include the sensor information such as temperature .
The home operations are captured using their respective sensors and displayed on the
application values are also compared to check for consistence with what is defined as to be
within the normal range of values. Normal values are indicated with blue LED showing all
the readings are within the normal range whereas deviation from the normal will be
indicated with the blinking of a red LED that shows exception and calls for attention of the
home owner in charge. These results are periodically sent to server.
31
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7.1.1.1 Figure 4 below shows the architectural diagram for the smart
Home application.
The figure 4 has Rasberry pi where different sensors are connected to it. The sensors are
used to detect /read conditions and activities. The LCD is used to display the parameter
reading. The Buzzer is used to produce sound notification .The Led is used to produce
Light alarm notification. There is ethernet which has wireless LAN and all data is store
remotely on the server. The smart Home application is used to monitor and control home
operations on the system.
32
Home application.
The figure 4 has Rasberry pi where different sensors are connected to it. The sensors are
used to detect /read conditions and activities. The LCD is used to display the parameter
reading. The Buzzer is used to produce sound notification .The Led is used to produce
Light alarm notification. There is ethernet which has wireless LAN and all data is store
remotely on the server. The smart Home application is used to monitor and control home
operations on the system.
32
7.1.1.2 Figure 5 below shows High level architecture for smart Home
system.
The smart Home Application follows procedural design and implementation approach.
This approach involves the following laid down steps to achieve the desired outcome
which in this case is the smart Home Application prototype. Its main advantage is the
generation of portable code as well as offering good level of control to the developer. The
following diagrams show how the different subsystems interact together to archive the
desired functionality.
33
system.
The smart Home Application follows procedural design and implementation approach.
This approach involves the following laid down steps to achieve the desired outcome
which in this case is the smart Home Application prototype. Its main advantage is the
generation of portable code as well as offering good level of control to the developer. The
following diagrams show how the different subsystems interact together to archive the
desired functionality.
33
7.1.1.3 Figure 6 below shows the work flow diagram of the smart home
application.
34
application.
34
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7.1.2 Design Constraints
This section describes any constraints in the system design (reference any trade-off
analyses conducted such, as resource use versus productivity, or conflicts with other
systems) and includes any assumptions made during the developing the system design.
I. Using the Http protocol implies connection to the internet at all times and that
poses a challenge especially in the connectivity, implying breakage in connections
can lead to massive loss of data this constraint the users of the system such as home
owner.
II. For this system to run, power supply has to be on at all times since the system
doesn’t store power hence power outage can result into massive data loss as well.
III. There was a trade-off between GSM technology and Http Protocol for transmitting
data due to the cost of attaining a GSM module and the statistics required to be
done on the desktop application.
Assumptions and Dependencies.
I. The users of the system have computer knowledge
II. Power will always be available in the hospital as well as internet
7.1.3 Design Methodology
Summarize the approach that was used to create and evolve the designs for this system.
Cover any processes, conventions, policies, techniques or other issues which will guide
design work. This is for deciding whether you will use structured, object-oriented or other
specific methodologies. Most people will use some object-oriented technique with UML.
35
This section describes any constraints in the system design (reference any trade-off
analyses conducted such, as resource use versus productivity, or conflicts with other
systems) and includes any assumptions made during the developing the system design.
I. Using the Http protocol implies connection to the internet at all times and that
poses a challenge especially in the connectivity, implying breakage in connections
can lead to massive loss of data this constraint the users of the system such as home
owner.
II. For this system to run, power supply has to be on at all times since the system
doesn’t store power hence power outage can result into massive data loss as well.
III. There was a trade-off between GSM technology and Http Protocol for transmitting
data due to the cost of attaining a GSM module and the statistics required to be
done on the desktop application.
Assumptions and Dependencies.
I. The users of the system have computer knowledge
II. Power will always be available in the hospital as well as internet
7.1.3 Design Methodology
Summarize the approach that was used to create and evolve the designs for this system.
Cover any processes, conventions, policies, techniques or other issues which will guide
design work. This is for deciding whether you will use structured, object-oriented or other
specific methodologies. Most people will use some object-oriented technique with UML.
35
7.1.4 High Level Design
This section describes in further detail elements discussed in the Architecture. High-level
designs are most effective if they attempt to model groups of system elements from a
number of different views. Typical viewpoints are:
1. Conceptual or Logical: This view shows the logical functional elements of the
system. Each component represents a similar grouping of functionality. For
UML, this would be a component diagram or a package diagram.
7.1.4.1 Figure 7 below shows the entity relationship diagram for the
smart system.
36
This section describes in further detail elements discussed in the Architecture. High-level
designs are most effective if they attempt to model groups of system elements from a
number of different views. Typical viewpoints are:
1. Conceptual or Logical: This view shows the logical functional elements of the
system. Each component represents a similar grouping of functionality. For
UML, this would be a component diagram or a package diagram.
7.1.4.1 Figure 7 below shows the entity relationship diagram for the
smart system.
36
Data Requirements
Home
Parameters such as house temperature, light intensity, and moving objects are obtained
using sensors.
Home user
Adds users’ details to the system, generates reports, has full administration right over the
application.
Process: this view is the runtime view of the system. The components are threads or
processes or distributed applications. In UML, this would be a process interaction diagram.
Module: this view is for project management and code organization. The components are
typically files or directories. This picture shows how the directory structure of the build
and development environment will be designed.
Security: Java as a programming language offers memory safety, and type safety thus the
API being created in Java offers an added security advantage to the system, firewalling the
server also offers protection from external attacks.
7.1.5 Low Level Design
This section provides low-level design descriptions that directly support construction of modules.
Normally this section would be split into separate documents for different areas of the design. For
each component we now need to break it down into its fundamental units or modules. For an OO
implementation in Java, our components would become packages. Then the low level design will
take each package and break it down into its classes. For smaller systems, you may have a single
UML class diagram that each module description refers to.
37
Home
Parameters such as house temperature, light intensity, and moving objects are obtained
using sensors.
Home user
Adds users’ details to the system, generates reports, has full administration right over the
application.
Process: this view is the runtime view of the system. The components are threads or
processes or distributed applications. In UML, this would be a process interaction diagram.
Module: this view is for project management and code organization. The components are
typically files or directories. This picture shows how the directory structure of the build
and development environment will be designed.
Security: Java as a programming language offers memory safety, and type safety thus the
API being created in Java offers an added security advantage to the system, firewalling the
server also offers protection from external attacks.
7.1.5 Low Level Design
This section provides low-level design descriptions that directly support construction of modules.
Normally this section would be split into separate documents for different areas of the design. For
each component we now need to break it down into its fundamental units or modules. For an OO
implementation in Java, our components would become packages. Then the low level design will
take each package and break it down into its classes. For smaller systems, you may have a single
UML class diagram that each module description refers to.
37
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7.1.6 Database Design
7.1.6.1 Table 4 below show the data dictionary of the smart Home
Dataflow name Origin Destination Description
Login details Home owner Login verification Used to transfer nurse
credentials for
verification in order to
access the system
Verified user details Login verification Register Home
owner
Used to provide access
of an authorized user to
the application system
user’s details Register user Home user
home’s registered details Register home Capture monitored
parameters
Provides monitored and
controlled values for a
home
Measured parameters Capture monitored
parameters
Babies Aids storage of readings
for a given baby
Captured parameter
ranges
Capture monitored
parameters
Analyze parameter
range
Refers readings for
evaluation to check if
critical or normal
Digital measured
parameters
Capture monitored
parameters
LCD Relays values for
display on LCD
sound alarm notification Analyze parameter
range
LED Causes the LED to blink
to indicate critical issues
sound light notification Analyze parameter
range
Buzzer Causes the buzzer to
alarm to indicate critical
issues
7.1.6.2 Table 5 below shows the data stores of the smart Home.
Data Store
Name
Description Volume Attributes
38
7.1.6.1 Table 4 below show the data dictionary of the smart Home
Dataflow name Origin Destination Description
Login details Home owner Login verification Used to transfer nurse
credentials for
verification in order to
access the system
Verified user details Login verification Register Home
owner
Used to provide access
of an authorized user to
the application system
user’s details Register user Home user
home’s registered details Register home Capture monitored
parameters
Provides monitored and
controlled values for a
home
Measured parameters Capture monitored
parameters
Babies Aids storage of readings
for a given baby
Captured parameter
ranges
Capture monitored
parameters
Analyze parameter
range
Refers readings for
evaluation to check if
critical or normal
Digital measured
parameters
Capture monitored
parameters
LCD Relays values for
display on LCD
sound alarm notification Analyze parameter
range
LED Causes the LED to blink
to indicate critical issues
sound light notification Analyze parameter
range
Buzzer Causes the buzzer to
alarm to indicate critical
issues
7.1.6.2 Table 5 below shows the data stores of the smart Home.
Data Store
Name
Description Volume Attributes
38
Home user Stores details regarding the Home
user
99999 Firstname
Lastname
Id
Username
password
Home Stores information about Home 99999 Operations
Name
Address
postcode
7.1.6.3 Table 6 below shows the process of the smart Home.
Name Description Process
Number
Inputs Outputs
Register user Inputs details of new user
into system
1 Home owner’s
Details
Register home
owners’ Details
Login Verification Used to grant or deny access
to smart home application
2 Login Details Valid login Details
Register home Inputs details of new home
into system
3 Home Details Register home
Details
Capture
Monitored
Parameters
Based on to evaluate current
status of the home
4 Environmental
and house
Temperature
Readings
Captured
Parameter
Readings
Analyze
Parameter Range
Determine whether values are
normal or critical
5 Captured
Parameter
ranges
Digital measured
parameters
Generate Reports Provide statistical overview
of all data
6 Captured
Parameters
Reports
7.1.6.4 Table 7 below show entities for the smart Home
Name Description Input Data Flows Output Data Flows
39
user
99999 Firstname
Lastname
Id
Username
password
Home Stores information about Home 99999 Operations
Name
Address
postcode
7.1.6.3 Table 6 below shows the process of the smart Home.
Name Description Process
Number
Inputs Outputs
Register user Inputs details of new user
into system
1 Home owner’s
Details
Register home
owners’ Details
Login Verification Used to grant or deny access
to smart home application
2 Login Details Valid login Details
Register home Inputs details of new home
into system
3 Home Details Register home
Details
Capture
Monitored
Parameters
Based on to evaluate current
status of the home
4 Environmental
and house
Temperature
Readings
Captured
Parameter
Readings
Analyze
Parameter Range
Determine whether values are
normal or critical
5 Captured
Parameter
ranges
Digital measured
parameters
Generate Reports Provide statistical overview
of all data
6 Captured
Parameters
Reports
7.1.6.4 Table 7 below show entities for the smart Home
Name Description Input Data Flows Output Data Flows
39
Home owner Major user of the system,
performing data entry and
management
Operations such as open
gate, switch on and off
light and operate other
devices
Login details
Home operation
Home It is where the system is
operating from
Operate home Operate home
Sensor Relays pulse environmental
and temperature readings
None Environmental, object
movement, light
intensity and
temperature readings
LCD Displays all current readings Digital Monitored
parameters
None
LED Blinks to notify nurse of
ailing baby
Red light notification None
Buzzer Sound notifies application
about the home condition
sound alarm notification None
7.2 System Implementation
Hardware tools involved in the prototyping of the smart Home system Project include the
following;
Raspberry Pi
This is an open source hardware, with the exception of the primary chip on the Raspberry
pi, the system on chip, which runs many of the main components on the board-CPU,
graphics, memory, the USB controller, etc. This minicomputer is highly recommended for
its ability to multitask and the superior speed as compared to the microcontrollers and
Microprocessor.
40
performing data entry and
management
Operations such as open
gate, switch on and off
light and operate other
devices
Login details
Home operation
Home It is where the system is
operating from
Operate home Operate home
Sensor Relays pulse environmental
and temperature readings
None Environmental, object
movement, light
intensity and
temperature readings
LCD Displays all current readings Digital Monitored
parameters
None
LED Blinks to notify nurse of
ailing baby
Red light notification None
Buzzer Sound notifies application
about the home condition
sound alarm notification None
7.2 System Implementation
Hardware tools involved in the prototyping of the smart Home system Project include the
following;
Raspberry Pi
This is an open source hardware, with the exception of the primary chip on the Raspberry
pi, the system on chip, which runs many of the main components on the board-CPU,
graphics, memory, the USB controller, etc. This minicomputer is highly recommended for
its ability to multitask and the superior speed as compared to the microcontrollers and
Microprocessor.
40
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HDMI Cable
The Raspberry Pi consists of HDMI port onto which an HDMI cable can be connected and
the other end to either a projector or screen with an HDMI port so as to display the
Operating system as Raspberry Pi doesn’t have its screen for display.
TCobler
TCobbler is used to map all the pins on the Raspberry Pi to a breadboard, this
advantageous in a way that, the TCobler maps the pins with their pin numbers on the
breadboard making it easier for programmers to easily work with the pins as opposed to
working directly from the Raspberry Pi as the pins are not numbered.
Breadboard
Breadboard is where the circuitry is all done, it consists of a mesh connection with the two
lines on either side connected in columns while the rest in the between are connected row-
wise. A circuit done on the breadboard can easily be corrected incase errors have been
made which would otherwise be connected when soldered directly on a permanent board.
Breakout Cable
Breakout cable is used to connect the Raspberry Pi to Breadboard to complete the flow of
current from the Raspberry Pi to the Breadboard.
Software tools involved in the prototyping of the smart Home system Project include the
following;
41
The Raspberry Pi consists of HDMI port onto which an HDMI cable can be connected and
the other end to either a projector or screen with an HDMI port so as to display the
Operating system as Raspberry Pi doesn’t have its screen for display.
TCobler
TCobbler is used to map all the pins on the Raspberry Pi to a breadboard, this
advantageous in a way that, the TCobler maps the pins with their pin numbers on the
breadboard making it easier for programmers to easily work with the pins as opposed to
working directly from the Raspberry Pi as the pins are not numbered.
Breadboard
Breadboard is where the circuitry is all done, it consists of a mesh connection with the two
lines on either side connected in columns while the rest in the between are connected row-
wise. A circuit done on the breadboard can easily be corrected incase errors have been
made which would otherwise be connected when soldered directly on a permanent board.
Breakout Cable
Breakout cable is used to connect the Raspberry Pi to Breadboard to complete the flow of
current from the Raspberry Pi to the Breadboard.
Software tools involved in the prototyping of the smart Home system Project include the
following;
41
Raspian Operating System
This is the recommended operating system run by the Raspberry Pi Hardware, it’s a Linux
based platform although some versions have also been developed for the Windows
platform.
IDLE Editor for writing the code
IDLE is the editor that was used to write the C code on the Raspberry Pi
C Programming Language
Xampp Server
This is for hosting the database.
Tomcat server.
Hosting mobile application
Java API for Data manipulation and Display of Information
Netbeans IDE
The APIs for accessing the data from the MySQL Database are written in java
programming language using Netbeans as the Editor
GPIOS Pins.
This is a library that activates the pins on the Raspberry Pi, after the installation of the
Operating system on the Raspberry Pi, this library is downloaded and installed on the Pi.
42
This is the recommended operating system run by the Raspberry Pi Hardware, it’s a Linux
based platform although some versions have also been developed for the Windows
platform.
IDLE Editor for writing the code
IDLE is the editor that was used to write the C code on the Raspberry Pi
C Programming Language
Xampp Server
This is for hosting the database.
Tomcat server.
Hosting mobile application
Java API for Data manipulation and Display of Information
Netbeans IDE
The APIs for accessing the data from the MySQL Database are written in java
programming language using Netbeans as the Editor
GPIOS Pins.
This is a library that activates the pins on the Raspberry Pi, after the installation of the
Operating system on the Raspberry Pi, this library is downloaded and installed on the Pi.
42
Algorithms
The normal range for the parameters i.e. house temperature, environmental temperature,
humidity and light intensity are predefined within the system and hence all the respective
sensor reading are measured against the predefined value, any deviation higher or lower
than the expected ranges triggers an alarm whose precision of the exact home from which
the readings are coming from is indicated with visual aid of a red LED blinking whereas
normal ranges are indicated with the blinking of a blue LED.
Access to the Applications is granted on the basis of privilege levels with administrator
users being able to modify, insert and delete data as well as produce reports from the
system while common users can only view from the application.
Access is granted to users using their usernames and password and the servers upon which
the database will be hosted are protected by a well maintained and updated firewall.
Database Security is guaranteed to a greater extend given that the API for the database
transactions have been built using a programming language like java that provides memory
safety and type-safety as compared to other programming languages such as PHP.
43
The normal range for the parameters i.e. house temperature, environmental temperature,
humidity and light intensity are predefined within the system and hence all the respective
sensor reading are measured against the predefined value, any deviation higher or lower
than the expected ranges triggers an alarm whose precision of the exact home from which
the readings are coming from is indicated with visual aid of a red LED blinking whereas
normal ranges are indicated with the blinking of a blue LED.
Access to the Applications is granted on the basis of privilege levels with administrator
users being able to modify, insert and delete data as well as produce reports from the
system while common users can only view from the application.
Access is granted to users using their usernames and password and the servers upon which
the database will be hosted are protected by a well maintained and updated firewall.
Database Security is guaranteed to a greater extend given that the API for the database
transactions have been built using a programming language like java that provides memory
safety and type-safety as compared to other programming languages such as PHP.
43
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Chapter 8: PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF
RESULTS
8.1 Discussion of results:
This shows Evolution of the smart home application right from the hardware stages to
when the data is relayed unto the server and accessed by the application, the uniqueness of
this project from the rest is that the rest don’t offer provision for backend database and
report generation capabilities, the sensors used such LM35 offer high levels of accuracy in
the readings obtained, however the sensor used in this project has a consistent error
margin which can be eliminated from the system to attain a certain level of desirable
accuracy, the hardware module does not store power implying any power outage causes
significant loss of data, and system works with constant internet availability implying
internet outage can as well lead to significant loss of data, the expenses and delayed
delivery of the desired specifications of the sensors involved in the prototyping of the
project has caused delays in development, the sensors like the temperature and light
intensive sensors have more recent and accurate versions that can still be adopted in the
system as opposed to the present in the system.
8.1.1 Evaluation of the System
Module Progress Strengths Weaknesses/
Limitations
Challenges
Temperature
Sensors LM35
Complete The sensor need to be
checked regularly
because heat from
electronic devices
may detach the
sensor
Conversions of
readings to normal
values
Humiture
Sensors
DHT11
Complete
LED Complete The display works
accurately as
expected
This LED is small
and may not be seen
in case of obstruction
Wiring
44
RESULTS
8.1 Discussion of results:
This shows Evolution of the smart home application right from the hardware stages to
when the data is relayed unto the server and accessed by the application, the uniqueness of
this project from the rest is that the rest don’t offer provision for backend database and
report generation capabilities, the sensors used such LM35 offer high levels of accuracy in
the readings obtained, however the sensor used in this project has a consistent error
margin which can be eliminated from the system to attain a certain level of desirable
accuracy, the hardware module does not store power implying any power outage causes
significant loss of data, and system works with constant internet availability implying
internet outage can as well lead to significant loss of data, the expenses and delayed
delivery of the desired specifications of the sensors involved in the prototyping of the
project has caused delays in development, the sensors like the temperature and light
intensive sensors have more recent and accurate versions that can still be adopted in the
system as opposed to the present in the system.
8.1.1 Evaluation of the System
Module Progress Strengths Weaknesses/
Limitations
Challenges
Temperature
Sensors LM35
Complete The sensor need to be
checked regularly
because heat from
electronic devices
may detach the
sensor
Conversions of
readings to normal
values
Humiture
Sensors
DHT11
Complete
LED Complete The display works
accurately as
expected
This LED is small
and may not be seen
in case of obstruction
Wiring
44
or proximity
Mobile
application
Complete Displays all current
readings of a given
home operation at a
given time
The display does not
glow and is not easily
readable without
externally provided
light during the night
Integrating the various
readings into one
display
Buzzer Complete It is a reliable in
identifying a home
that needs attention
The Sound may
inconvenience the
premature babies
The buzzer pins are
short and wiring up
requires and
Raspberry Pi
Connection to
Backend server
The Raspbery Pi
has a remarkable
ability to multitask
and this supports
the several
concurrent readings
and evaluation
carried out
It doesn’t have its own
display and it also
does have its own
power supply
therefore limitation the
stations of work
Backend
Framework
There is real-time
display of baby
readings
There are graphs to
display statistical
values at a glance
Integrating the design:
getting the views to
display the correct
data from the databse
in realtime
Login Screen Complete It’s quite secure. It
based on JAVA
input validation,
and authentication
It does not support
signup.
Coming up with a
suitable design
Home Screen Header
statistics are
showing
It is reliable. The
values display
accurately
There is no filter for
search results
Fetching real-time
data without the user
having to refresh
Implementing the
search feature
Add New home
Screen
Complete Values that can be
derived appear as
options for the user
to select from,
rather than entering
the data hence
reducing room for
errors
Multiple parameters
are submitted
Add New Drug Complete Does not indicate or
consider the quantity
45
Mobile
application
Complete Displays all current
readings of a given
home operation at a
given time
The display does not
glow and is not easily
readable without
externally provided
light during the night
Integrating the various
readings into one
display
Buzzer Complete It is a reliable in
identifying a home
that needs attention
The Sound may
inconvenience the
premature babies
The buzzer pins are
short and wiring up
requires and
Raspberry Pi
Connection to
Backend server
The Raspbery Pi
has a remarkable
ability to multitask
and this supports
the several
concurrent readings
and evaluation
carried out
It doesn’t have its own
display and it also
does have its own
power supply
therefore limitation the
stations of work
Backend
Framework
There is real-time
display of baby
readings
There are graphs to
display statistical
values at a glance
Integrating the design:
getting the views to
display the correct
data from the databse
in realtime
Login Screen Complete It’s quite secure. It
based on JAVA
input validation,
and authentication
It does not support
signup.
Coming up with a
suitable design
Home Screen Header
statistics are
showing
It is reliable. The
values display
accurately
There is no filter for
search results
Fetching real-time
data without the user
having to refresh
Implementing the
search feature
Add New home
Screen
Complete Values that can be
derived appear as
options for the user
to select from,
rather than entering
the data hence
reducing room for
errors
Multiple parameters
are submitted
Add New Drug Complete Does not indicate or
consider the quantity
45
of drugs present in
the facility
Reports Screen Under
construction
The graphs a
simpler version of
data than figures
could have done
Data here does not
refresh automatically
Plotting a graph using
JavaScript and JSON
Data
46
the facility
Reports Screen Under
construction
The graphs a
simpler version of
data than figures
could have done
Data here does not
refresh automatically
Plotting a graph using
JavaScript and JSON
Data
46
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Chapter 9: CONCLUSION
The greatest challenge I faced was time, because I look forward to modifying the system to
support many more features and offer even greater accuracy and reliability.
Amidst the above-mentioned challenges and limitations, the System is a reliable extension
to support the monitoring and controlling of home operation. The provision of a backend
database is feature most similar systems do not offer. The system offers the database and a
dashboard, providing great statistical value and reference for those that may require it.
According to the research about comparing different smart home system. There a lot of
platforms used in the development of the smart home systems which lead to rapid
development of the smart home application, cost effective and provide high performance
for example Arduino board, Raspberry pi and other microcontroller.
47
The greatest challenge I faced was time, because I look forward to modifying the system to
support many more features and offer even greater accuracy and reliability.
Amidst the above-mentioned challenges and limitations, the System is a reliable extension
to support the monitoring and controlling of home operation. The provision of a backend
database is feature most similar systems do not offer. The system offers the database and a
dashboard, providing great statistical value and reference for those that may require it.
According to the research about comparing different smart home system. There a lot of
platforms used in the development of the smart home systems which lead to rapid
development of the smart home application, cost effective and provide high performance
for example Arduino board, Raspberry pi and other microcontroller.
47
Chapter 10: RECOMMENDATIONS
By using this prototype circuit containing Raspberry Pi Minicomputer, sensor, and other
hardware circuit so that the data is sent to the webserver at regular intervals which is then
displayed on the application side so that the necessary precaution is taken to give to
monitor homes. Raspberry Pi consumes low power, and its ability to multitask is
remarkable to the advantage of this project and scalability. LM35 temperature sensor is
highly recommended for its high levels of accuracy. Auto alarm sound system is provided
only when the readings attained from the sensors exceed or reduce lower than the normal
range. This provides continuous monitoring of the system. Acquisition of gadgets such as
larger monitors or bigger and better LCDs would be of remarkable importance to turning
this prototype into a fully working project.
48
By using this prototype circuit containing Raspberry Pi Minicomputer, sensor, and other
hardware circuit so that the data is sent to the webserver at regular intervals which is then
displayed on the application side so that the necessary precaution is taken to give to
monitor homes. Raspberry Pi consumes low power, and its ability to multitask is
remarkable to the advantage of this project and scalability. LM35 temperature sensor is
highly recommended for its high levels of accuracy. Auto alarm sound system is provided
only when the readings attained from the sensors exceed or reduce lower than the normal
range. This provides continuous monitoring of the system. Acquisition of gadgets such as
larger monitors or bigger and better LCDs would be of remarkable importance to turning
this prototype into a fully working project.
48
Chapter 11: FUTURE WORKS
Iam aiming towards developing the system to cover a larger scope, perhaps the whole
country, such that there is a larger sample of data collected so that home owners can enjoy
the service of the system.
49
Iam aiming towards developing the system to cover a larger scope, perhaps the whole
country, such that there is a larger sample of data collected so that home owners can enjoy
the service of the system.
49
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References.
[1] Ahmed ElShafee, Karim Alaa Hamed,” Design and Implementation of a Wi-Fi Based
Home Automation System”, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation,
Control and Information Engineering Vol: 6, No: 8, 2016.
[2] Hayet Lamine and Hafedh Abid,” Remote control of a domestic equipment from an
Android application based on Raspberry pi card”, IEEE transaction 15th international
conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic control & computer engineering -
STA'2014, Hammamet, Tunisia, December 20-24, 2017.
[3] YunCui, MyoungjinKim, YiGu, Jong-jinJung, and HankuLee, “Home Appliance
Management System for Monitoring Digitized Devices Using Cloud Computing
Technology in Ubiquitous Sensor Network Environment”,Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Volume 2018, Article ID 174097
[4] Jain Sarthak,Vaibhav Anant and Goyal Lovely ,“Raspberry Pi based Interactive Home
Automation System through E-mail.”,IEEE transaction,2017 International Conference on
Reliability, Optimization and Information Technology ICROIT 2017, India, Feb 68 2017.
[5] Shih-Pang Tseng, Bo-Rong Li, Jun-Long Pan, and ChiaJu Lin,” An Application of Internet
of Things with Motion Sensing on Smart House “, 978-1-4799-62846/14 c 2018 IEEE.
[6] Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, Rouwaida Kanj, Ayman Kayssi “Low cost
Arduino/Android-based Energy-Efficient Home Automation System with Smart Task
Scheduling”, 2019 Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence,
Communication Systems and Networks.
[7] Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, Rouwaida Kanj, Ayman Kayssi,” Smart Power
Management System for Home Appliances and Wellness Based on Wireless Sensors
Network and Mobile Technology”, ,2015 XVIII AISEM Annual Conference, 978-1-4799-
8591-3/15©2015 IEEE
[8] Shiu Kumar,” UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME SYSTEM USING ANDROID
APPLICATION “, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications
(IJCNC) Vol.6, No.1, January 2017.
[9] Jan Gebhardt, Michael Massoth, Stefan Weber and Torsten Wiens , “Ubiquitous Smart
Home Controlling Raspberry Embedded System”, UBICOMM: The Eighth International
Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, 2016.
50
[1] Ahmed ElShafee, Karim Alaa Hamed,” Design and Implementation of a Wi-Fi Based
Home Automation System”, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation,
Control and Information Engineering Vol: 6, No: 8, 2016.
[2] Hayet Lamine and Hafedh Abid,” Remote control of a domestic equipment from an
Android application based on Raspberry pi card”, IEEE transaction 15th international
conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic control & computer engineering -
STA'2014, Hammamet, Tunisia, December 20-24, 2017.
[3] YunCui, MyoungjinKim, YiGu, Jong-jinJung, and HankuLee, “Home Appliance
Management System for Monitoring Digitized Devices Using Cloud Computing
Technology in Ubiquitous Sensor Network Environment”,Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Volume 2018, Article ID 174097
[4] Jain Sarthak,Vaibhav Anant and Goyal Lovely ,“Raspberry Pi based Interactive Home
Automation System through E-mail.”,IEEE transaction,2017 International Conference on
Reliability, Optimization and Information Technology ICROIT 2017, India, Feb 68 2017.
[5] Shih-Pang Tseng, Bo-Rong Li, Jun-Long Pan, and ChiaJu Lin,” An Application of Internet
of Things with Motion Sensing on Smart House “, 978-1-4799-62846/14 c 2018 IEEE.
[6] Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, Rouwaida Kanj, Ayman Kayssi “Low cost
Arduino/Android-based Energy-Efficient Home Automation System with Smart Task
Scheduling”, 2019 Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence,
Communication Systems and Networks.
[7] Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, Rouwaida Kanj, Ayman Kayssi,” Smart Power
Management System for Home Appliances and Wellness Based on Wireless Sensors
Network and Mobile Technology”, ,2015 XVIII AISEM Annual Conference, 978-1-4799-
8591-3/15©2015 IEEE
[8] Shiu Kumar,” UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME SYSTEM USING ANDROID
APPLICATION “, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications
(IJCNC) Vol.6, No.1, January 2017.
[9] Jan Gebhardt, Michael Massoth, Stefan Weber and Torsten Wiens , “Ubiquitous Smart
Home Controlling Raspberry Embedded System”, UBICOMM: The Eighth International
Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, 2016.
50
[10] Andrea Zanella, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani, Lorenzo Vangelista, and Michele
Zorzi, “Internet of Things for IJCATM : www.ijcaonline.org Smart Cities”, IEEE
INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2016.
[11] Ardam H. and Coskun I., "A remote controller for home and office appliances by
telephone", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1291-1297,
2018.
[12] Greichen, J.J., “Value based home automation or today's market,” IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp.34-38, Aug. 2018
[13] Baki Koyuncu, “PC Remote Control of Appliances by Using Telephone Lines”,
1995, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,Vol. 41(1), pp. 201-209.
[14] Rozita Teymourzadeh,Salah Addin Ahmed,Kok Wai Chan a nd Mok Vee Hoong
, “Smart GSM Based Home Automation System”, 2018, IEEE Conference on Systems,
Process & Control, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[15] ]Mahesh.N.Jivani, “GSM Based Home Automation System Using App-Inventor for
Android Mobile Phone”, 2016, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3(9), pp. 12121-12128.
[16] R. Pivare, M. Tazil,” Bluetooth Based Home Automation System Using Cell Phone”,
2011, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics Singapore, pp.192195.
[17] Bertrand Meyer, “Ethics of free Software”, Software Development, March 2016.
[18] Santhosh Patel, “Virtual Information and Intellectual Freedom” Authorspress, 2003.
[19] ED Shanahan, “ID Thieves’ new tricks”, RD- July 2007, 168-173
[20] Justine Johnstone, “Technology as empowerment: a capability approach to computer
ethics”, Ethics and Information Technology, 2007, 9:73-87
[21] Mark Boal, “Being Bill Gates, Steven Spielberg”, RD-June2017
[22] .Brindha, J & Vijayakumar, ‘Analytical comparison of waterfall model and object
oriented methodology in software engineering’, Advances In Natural And Applied
Sciences, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 7-8. V2015
[23] Chung, L, Nixon, B A., Yu, E & Mylopoulos J, Non-functional requirements in software
engineering, Springer Science + Business Media, New York.,2017
[24] Lock, D, The essentials of project management, Gower Publishing Limited, England ,
2007
[25] Shelly, G B and Rosenblatt, H J ,System analysis and design, Course Technology Cengage
Learning, New York, 2017.
51
Zorzi, “Internet of Things for IJCATM : www.ijcaonline.org Smart Cities”, IEEE
INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2016.
[11] Ardam H. and Coskun I., "A remote controller for home and office appliances by
telephone", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1291-1297,
2018.
[12] Greichen, J.J., “Value based home automation or today's market,” IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp.34-38, Aug. 2018
[13] Baki Koyuncu, “PC Remote Control of Appliances by Using Telephone Lines”,
1995, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,Vol. 41(1), pp. 201-209.
[14] Rozita Teymourzadeh,Salah Addin Ahmed,Kok Wai Chan a nd Mok Vee Hoong
, “Smart GSM Based Home Automation System”, 2018, IEEE Conference on Systems,
Process & Control, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[15] ]Mahesh.N.Jivani, “GSM Based Home Automation System Using App-Inventor for
Android Mobile Phone”, 2016, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3(9), pp. 12121-12128.
[16] R. Pivare, M. Tazil,” Bluetooth Based Home Automation System Using Cell Phone”,
2011, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics Singapore, pp.192195.
[17] Bertrand Meyer, “Ethics of free Software”, Software Development, March 2016.
[18] Santhosh Patel, “Virtual Information and Intellectual Freedom” Authorspress, 2003.
[19] ED Shanahan, “ID Thieves’ new tricks”, RD- July 2007, 168-173
[20] Justine Johnstone, “Technology as empowerment: a capability approach to computer
ethics”, Ethics and Information Technology, 2007, 9:73-87
[21] Mark Boal, “Being Bill Gates, Steven Spielberg”, RD-June2017
[22] .Brindha, J & Vijayakumar, ‘Analytical comparison of waterfall model and object
oriented methodology in software engineering’, Advances In Natural And Applied
Sciences, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 7-8. V2015
[23] Chung, L, Nixon, B A., Yu, E & Mylopoulos J, Non-functional requirements in software
engineering, Springer Science + Business Media, New York.,2017
[24] Lock, D, The essentials of project management, Gower Publishing Limited, England ,
2007
[25] Shelly, G B and Rosenblatt, H J ,System analysis and design, Course Technology Cengage
Learning, New York, 2017.
51
[26] Satzinger, W, J ,Jackson,B,R and Burd ,DSystem Analysis and Design in A changing
World ,Boston Course Technology,2016.
[27] Sommerville, Ian. Software engineering,University of St Andrews, Scotland: Pearson
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[28] Pressman, simon. (2018).Software Engineering. Practitioner’s Approach .Inc., 1221
Avenue of the Americas, New York, McGraw-Hill ,2017.
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Practical Software Development Using UML and Java . New York, McGraw-Hill,2017
[30]
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World ,Boston Course Technology,2016.
[27] Sommerville, Ian. Software engineering,University of St Andrews, Scotland: Pearson
2016.
[28] Pressman, simon. (2018).Software Engineering. Practitioner’s Approach .Inc., 1221
Avenue of the Americas, New York, McGraw-Hill ,2017.
[29] Lethbridge, Collin and Laganiere,Robin.Object-Oriented Software Engineering,
Practical Software Development Using UML and Java . New York, McGraw-Hill,2017
[30]
52
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Appendix A - Final Project Proposal to be
attached
Introduction.
Background.
The modern home has lighting, Alarm, security and electrical equipment. This home
equipment needs to be controlled at a distance using Smart phone or through internet. The
owner of the Smart home can control electrical locks to access home, house, Home
security and video surveillance system, lighting in main house and outside and air
conditioning. There is need to have smart home system which can help the home owner to
control their home automatically by getting information from the sensors. The micro-
controller obtain value for the physical condition using the sensors. The temperature values
are read using the temperature sensor. The smoke and gases are detected using the gas
sensor to prevent smoke at home or in the house. The light controlling is done by use of
Light Dependent Resistor that detects the day light intensity. The object motions are
detected using motion detector by use of Passive infrared sensor that detects any
movement at home and turns on security system. The switch relay is used to control
switching on and off of the electrical devices. The smart Home system is developed with
the one factor authentication system using username and password to access system
feature. The smart home mobile application is used as the input device in controlling home
devices and also as the output device to read values from the sensors.
Problem Statement.
Most home owner uses manually methods /techniques to control or operate home such as
switching on and off of light, switching on and off for electronic devices and opening and
closing of door are done manually. For bigger house or home this process is tiresome and
time consuming to go to every room to switch on light. The manual process is time
consuming and costly. Sometimes home owner could be away from their homes for one or
two days so it become difficult to operate their homes while away. There is need to
integrate all the home activities for switching on and off of the home devices into one
home smart application that can automatically control lights, electrical locks and
electronical devices such as Television. The smart home application is efficient and
53
attached
Introduction.
Background.
The modern home has lighting, Alarm, security and electrical equipment. This home
equipment needs to be controlled at a distance using Smart phone or through internet. The
owner of the Smart home can control electrical locks to access home, house, Home
security and video surveillance system, lighting in main house and outside and air
conditioning. There is need to have smart home system which can help the home owner to
control their home automatically by getting information from the sensors. The micro-
controller obtain value for the physical condition using the sensors. The temperature values
are read using the temperature sensor. The smoke and gases are detected using the gas
sensor to prevent smoke at home or in the house. The light controlling is done by use of
Light Dependent Resistor that detects the day light intensity. The object motions are
detected using motion detector by use of Passive infrared sensor that detects any
movement at home and turns on security system. The switch relay is used to control
switching on and off of the electrical devices. The smart Home system is developed with
the one factor authentication system using username and password to access system
feature. The smart home mobile application is used as the input device in controlling home
devices and also as the output device to read values from the sensors.
Problem Statement.
Most home owner uses manually methods /techniques to control or operate home such as
switching on and off of light, switching on and off for electronic devices and opening and
closing of door are done manually. For bigger house or home this process is tiresome and
time consuming to go to every room to switch on light. The manual process is time
consuming and costly. Sometimes home owner could be away from their homes for one or
two days so it become difficult to operate their homes while away. There is need to
integrate all the home activities for switching on and off of the home devices into one
home smart application that can automatically control lights, electrical locks and
electronical devices such as Television. The smart home application is efficient and
53
effective to use. The home owner do not need to be around home to operate the home. The
home owner can switch on light at a distance.
Main Objective.
To develop smart home application that will assist the home owner to operate their
home automatically.
Objectives.
(vi) To determine the requirements of the automated smart home system.
(vii) To design the model of the system that helps the home owners to operate their home
automatically.
(viii) To implement the Smart Home system.
(ix) To test the implemented Smart Home system.
(x) To fully deploy and demonstrate the system that enables the own owner to
operate their home automatically.
Scope (where applicable).
The SMARTHOME is a system composed of a mobile application that runs on Android
platform which enables home owner to operate their homes based on the information
provided by the embedded system (ultra-sonic sensors).
It has three main components namely:
iii. A client-side application which will run on Android phones. It will enable the Smart Home
owners to operate their home using the smart phone.
iv. A server-side application stores and responds to home owner request for example opening
doors basing on the information provided by the third component (embedded system) that
uses ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence or absence of the objects.
There is intention to sample one smart home in Sydney city of Australia to carry out research
and collect detailed data from the home.
54
home owner can switch on light at a distance.
Main Objective.
To develop smart home application that will assist the home owner to operate their
home automatically.
Objectives.
(vi) To determine the requirements of the automated smart home system.
(vii) To design the model of the system that helps the home owners to operate their home
automatically.
(viii) To implement the Smart Home system.
(ix) To test the implemented Smart Home system.
(x) To fully deploy and demonstrate the system that enables the own owner to
operate their home automatically.
Scope (where applicable).
The SMARTHOME is a system composed of a mobile application that runs on Android
platform which enables home owner to operate their homes based on the information
provided by the embedded system (ultra-sonic sensors).
It has three main components namely:
iii. A client-side application which will run on Android phones. It will enable the Smart Home
owners to operate their home using the smart phone.
iv. A server-side application stores and responds to home owner request for example opening
doors basing on the information provided by the third component (embedded system) that
uses ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence or absence of the objects.
There is intention to sample one smart home in Sydney city of Australia to carry out research
and collect detailed data from the home.
54
Significance.
So much research has been put into the area of organized smart Home most especially in
developed countries. As a result, various related projects have been done some of which
we shall discuss in the next section. Much as solutions to the Home problem have been
proposed, our research is still important because we aim to automate home and make life
for home owner easier
The system that we propose presents the following benefits:
(iv) The smart home system is to be developed to help Home owner have prior
information on the home operations, device and device status. This does not
only make home safe but also;
(v) Saves the home owner the amount of time and they would waste on operating
home such as going to every room of the house to switch on and off light.
(vi) It attracts more home owners to uses the service of the smart home system since
most people love convenient and organized services. The home owner will
enjoy to stay in their home because most operation are flexible and easy to
operate.
Because our project has a small scope, our biggest aim is to first succeed with a small
sample space by putting theory into practice. Through this, we can assess how quickly
and/or easily the environment adapts to the system before trying to make the system more
large scale.
55
So much research has been put into the area of organized smart Home most especially in
developed countries. As a result, various related projects have been done some of which
we shall discuss in the next section. Much as solutions to the Home problem have been
proposed, our research is still important because we aim to automate home and make life
for home owner easier
The system that we propose presents the following benefits:
(iv) The smart home system is to be developed to help Home owner have prior
information on the home operations, device and device status. This does not
only make home safe but also;
(v) Saves the home owner the amount of time and they would waste on operating
home such as going to every room of the house to switch on and off light.
(vi) It attracts more home owners to uses the service of the smart home system since
most people love convenient and organized services. The home owner will
enjoy to stay in their home because most operation are flexible and easy to
operate.
Because our project has a small scope, our biggest aim is to first succeed with a small
sample space by putting theory into practice. Through this, we can assess how quickly
and/or easily the environment adapts to the system before trying to make the system more
large scale.
55
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Literature Review.
This section, discusses the Smart Home System features, technologies, benefits, challenges
and the existing system.
Smart Home.
The Smart home also known as Home automation by use of modern technology to make
home operations secure, economical, convenient and comfortable [12]. The system
automates most of home operation. The operation is done remotely. The system integrates
all operations of the home one application.
Features of the Smart Home System.
The features of the smart home system are as follows:
User interface: The computer, monitor or android phone they capture data and control the
system.
Transmission mode: use of wired connections for example Ethernet or Wireless (radio
waves, infrared, Bluetooth, GSM).
Central Controller: The hardware interface that interfaces with the user interface to
control the Home.
Electronic devices: The lights, the AC, the heater what are compatible with the mode of
transmission and are connected to the system control unit.
Challenges for the smart Home system.
John J. Greichen [12] stated that the problems faced by the smart home system are as
follows; high costs of manufacturing, high costs for development, high cost of installation,
high support cost, lack of smart home standards, client not familiar with technology, user
interface which are complex and rapid advancement of technology. These factors have led
to popular use of electronic devices at home.
56
This section, discusses the Smart Home System features, technologies, benefits, challenges
and the existing system.
Smart Home.
The Smart home also known as Home automation by use of modern technology to make
home operations secure, economical, convenient and comfortable [12]. The system
automates most of home operation. The operation is done remotely. The system integrates
all operations of the home one application.
Features of the Smart Home System.
The features of the smart home system are as follows:
User interface: The computer, monitor or android phone they capture data and control the
system.
Transmission mode: use of wired connections for example Ethernet or Wireless (radio
waves, infrared, Bluetooth, GSM).
Central Controller: The hardware interface that interfaces with the user interface to
control the Home.
Electronic devices: The lights, the AC, the heater what are compatible with the mode of
transmission and are connected to the system control unit.
Challenges for the smart Home system.
John J. Greichen [12] stated that the problems faced by the smart home system are as
follows; high costs of manufacturing, high costs for development, high cost of installation,
high support cost, lack of smart home standards, client not familiar with technology, user
interface which are complex and rapid advancement of technology. These factors have led
to popular use of electronic devices at home.
56
The existing smart home systems.
The Smart Home system that is using Wi-Fi technology.
In few years ago, the wireless systems for example the Remote Control were mostly used
in the new working of homes [1]. The smart home system uses the wireless technologies
to provide several merits that were not provided by the wired network [1].
The System is made of three main components: The web server, that presents the system
core control, monitor home ,control hardware interface module, Wi-Fi shield PCB, three
input alarms PCB, and three output actuators PCB,that provide the suitable interfaces for
sensors and actuator for the smart home system.The System good for scalable and flexible
view point than the commercial available smart Home system[12]. The home owner can
login to the web based smart home system when the server is connected to be internet and
remotely access the system via the internet using the web browsers such as Mozilla
Firefox.
The following are merits of the wireless system.
Reducing Installation costs.
The wireless system does not support use of the cabling this reduces cost of installation.
The connectivity of Internet.
The devices are controlled in any part of the global by use on the mobile phone to
operates the smart Home.
Security.
it is easy to smart home security system that ensure the security of the home.
The smart Home system developed basing on the android platform.
The interface card is implemented to ensure the interaction between the home owner,
raspberry pi card, home devices and server [2]. Smart Home android application is
installed on the smart phone running android plafrom,the web server and the raspberry pi
card is used to control closing and opening of doors and windows. The smart Home
android application provides commands to the raspberry pi card. The interface card
updates the signals between the actuator sensors and the raspberry pi card.
57
The Smart Home system that is using Wi-Fi technology.
In few years ago, the wireless systems for example the Remote Control were mostly used
in the new working of homes [1]. The smart home system uses the wireless technologies
to provide several merits that were not provided by the wired network [1].
The System is made of three main components: The web server, that presents the system
core control, monitor home ,control hardware interface module, Wi-Fi shield PCB, three
input alarms PCB, and three output actuators PCB,that provide the suitable interfaces for
sensors and actuator for the smart home system.The System good for scalable and flexible
view point than the commercial available smart Home system[12]. The home owner can
login to the web based smart home system when the server is connected to be internet and
remotely access the system via the internet using the web browsers such as Mozilla
Firefox.
The following are merits of the wireless system.
Reducing Installation costs.
The wireless system does not support use of the cabling this reduces cost of installation.
The connectivity of Internet.
The devices are controlled in any part of the global by use on the mobile phone to
operates the smart Home.
Security.
it is easy to smart home security system that ensure the security of the home.
The smart Home system developed basing on the android platform.
The interface card is implemented to ensure the interaction between the home owner,
raspberry pi card, home devices and server [2]. Smart Home android application is
installed on the smart phone running android plafrom,the web server and the raspberry pi
card is used to control closing and opening of doors and windows. The smart Home
android application provides commands to the raspberry pi card. The interface card
updates the signals between the actuator sensors and the raspberry pi card.
57
Cloud-Based Smart Home system.
The system collects the metadata of the home devices and sends them to the cloud-based
data server which stores the Hadoop Distributed File System and processes the data using
the MapReduce and provides monitoring function to the home owner [3].
Smart Home system implemented using the Raspberry Pi.
The smart home system is developed using the Raspberry Pi by reading the E-mail of the
subject and algorithms. The Raspberry Pi is a powerful, economical and efficient platform
for developing the smart home system [4]. The smart home system developed using the
Raspberry pi is better than other methods of developing the smart home system[10]. For
example, the home developed using the dual tone multi-frequency [11], the call tariff is a
big challenge, that cannot be proposed as the right method. The system developed basing
on the Web server, the web server and the memory space requires the use of the already
existing web server such as google servers.
Smart Home system developed basing on the ZigBee wireless
network.
The ZigBee Wireless network is used to connect sensors and actuators [1]. The simple
smart socket is developed that remote controls ZigBee [6]. The personal computer is used
as a host that collects data and detects motions [7]. The data is then transferred to the VM
in the cloud. The monitoring and controlling are done using the personal computer or
android phone by internet to the power -saving home.
Smart home system developed using Arduino microcontroller.
The Arduino microcontroller receives commands from home user that are executed
through Ethernet shield. The home network is used together with wireless ZigBee and
Wired X10 technologies [6]. The mobile phone is wired on the central controller or by use
of the USB cable that communicate with the system wirelessly, around the home[1]. The
system developed using Arduino is composed of the web server application that
communicate via the HTTP protocol with Web-based Android application. The system is
flexible, scalable and expandable.
58
The system collects the metadata of the home devices and sends them to the cloud-based
data server which stores the Hadoop Distributed File System and processes the data using
the MapReduce and provides monitoring function to the home owner [3].
Smart Home system implemented using the Raspberry Pi.
The smart home system is developed using the Raspberry Pi by reading the E-mail of the
subject and algorithms. The Raspberry Pi is a powerful, economical and efficient platform
for developing the smart home system [4]. The smart home system developed using the
Raspberry pi is better than other methods of developing the smart home system[10]. For
example, the home developed using the dual tone multi-frequency [11], the call tariff is a
big challenge, that cannot be proposed as the right method. The system developed basing
on the Web server, the web server and the memory space requires the use of the already
existing web server such as google servers.
Smart Home system developed basing on the ZigBee wireless
network.
The ZigBee Wireless network is used to connect sensors and actuators [1]. The simple
smart socket is developed that remote controls ZigBee [6]. The personal computer is used
as a host that collects data and detects motions [7]. The data is then transferred to the VM
in the cloud. The monitoring and controlling are done using the personal computer or
android phone by internet to the power -saving home.
Smart home system developed using Arduino microcontroller.
The Arduino microcontroller receives commands from home user that are executed
through Ethernet shield. The home network is used together with wireless ZigBee and
Wired X10 technologies [6]. The mobile phone is wired on the central controller or by use
of the USB cable that communicate with the system wirelessly, around the home[1]. The
system developed using Arduino is composed of the web server application that
communicate via the HTTP protocol with Web-based Android application. The system is
flexible, scalable and expandable.
58
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Conclusions.
The traditional method for monitoring and controlling home operations are usually carried
out using manual method. This method requires dedicated manpower and sometimes it is
difficult for home owner to go in every room of each house to switch of light of big house.
Smart Home system is therefore a tool that provides monitoring and controlling home
operations. Ideally, these systems should be capable of carefully, conveniently and robustly
monitoring and controlling homes remotely without interfering significantly with their
comfort.
Methodology.
This section describes the step by step process that will be followed to achieve the project
specific objectives. This study will involve mainly qualitative methods. This is because
the research requires people’s views and opinions, and analysis of documents.
Methods for data collection (determining the Requirements)
Using interviews; during interviews with home owner who have uses manual
operation of their home such as witching on and off of lighting complained of the
wasting time going to every room to switch off and on light. Sometimes home
owner could be away from their homes for one or two days so it become difficult to
operate their homes while away.
Using observations: this is a process which involves watching an activity as it takes
place so as to collect information on that activity [17]
There was observation at the home the home owner has to wait for the security
guard to open for them the gate.
System Design.
Architectural design. This will involve a database engine to store data, a web
server, user interface and communication channel for exchanging data.
Database design: This will involve Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). ERDs
illustrate logical structures of databases
59
The traditional method for monitoring and controlling home operations are usually carried
out using manual method. This method requires dedicated manpower and sometimes it is
difficult for home owner to go in every room of each house to switch of light of big house.
Smart Home system is therefore a tool that provides monitoring and controlling home
operations. Ideally, these systems should be capable of carefully, conveniently and robustly
monitoring and controlling homes remotely without interfering significantly with their
comfort.
Methodology.
This section describes the step by step process that will be followed to achieve the project
specific objectives. This study will involve mainly qualitative methods. This is because
the research requires people’s views and opinions, and analysis of documents.
Methods for data collection (determining the Requirements)
Using interviews; during interviews with home owner who have uses manual
operation of their home such as witching on and off of lighting complained of the
wasting time going to every room to switch off and on light. Sometimes home
owner could be away from their homes for one or two days so it become difficult to
operate their homes while away.
Using observations: this is a process which involves watching an activity as it takes
place so as to collect information on that activity [17]
There was observation at the home the home owner has to wait for the security
guard to open for them the gate.
System Design.
Architectural design. This will involve a database engine to store data, a web
server, user interface and communication channel for exchanging data.
Database design: This will involve Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). ERDs
illustrate logical structures of databases
59
System Implementation.
The mobile application is to be developed using notepad+ as the programming
environment. The programming languages to be used are java, Hypertext Pre-Processor
(PHP) and JavaScript (JSON). The mobile application shall control the Arduino by passing
information to Arduino as codes.
Outcomes.
At the end of the day we hope to come up with the following;
An Android Mobile App – offers an easy interface for home owners to operate
their home.
Hardware platform – To connect the sensor information to the mobile application.
60
The mobile application is to be developed using notepad+ as the programming
environment. The programming languages to be used are java, Hypertext Pre-Processor
(PHP) and JavaScript (JSON). The mobile application shall control the Arduino by passing
information to Arduino as codes.
Outcomes.
At the end of the day we hope to come up with the following;
An Android Mobile App – offers an easy interface for home owners to operate
their home.
Hardware platform – To connect the sensor information to the mobile application.
60
Appendix B - Application for ethical approval to
be attached (if needed)
I hereby confirm that this report is my copy right and all the information used in the report
is good for academic consumption and it cannot harm anyone. All human rights are
preserved in this document, no personal information are shared to third party.
I hereby willingly give ethical approval.
Signature or left thumb print ________________Date. ____________________
61
be attached (if needed)
I hereby confirm that this report is my copy right and all the information used in the report
is good for academic consumption and it cannot harm anyone. All human rights are
preserved in this document, no personal information are shared to third party.
I hereby willingly give ethical approval.
Signature or left thumb print ________________Date. ____________________
61
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Appendix C – Client Consent Form to be
attached
Declaration by the Participant
I hereby confirm that I have heard/or read and understood well the above information
given to me concerning invitation for this study. I have been given verbal and written
explanation and opportunity to ask any questions.
I hereby willingly give consent to participate in this study.
Signature or left thumb print ________________Date.____________________
Declaration by the Principle Researcher
I declare that I have discussed the study with the research participant and I feel that he/she
has understood and capable of freely giving consent.
Name_________________ Signature ______________Date.___________
62
attached
Declaration by the Participant
I hereby confirm that I have heard/or read and understood well the above information
given to me concerning invitation for this study. I have been given verbal and written
explanation and opportunity to ask any questions.
I hereby willingly give consent to participate in this study.
Signature or left thumb print ________________Date.____________________
Declaration by the Principle Researcher
I declare that I have discussed the study with the research participant and I feel that he/she
has understood and capable of freely giving consent.
Name_________________ Signature ______________Date.___________
62
Additional Appendices (Interview questions)
1. First and foremost, on average, is your home automated?
2. Have you ever used the automated smart home system?
3. What system do you have in place to monitor, control and operate the home?
4. How do you currently operate the home?
5. Are you interested in the current operation of the home?
6. What do you want to be improved on the operation of your home?
7. What major challenges are you faced with while operating the home?
8. Is there anything you would recommend to be put into place to ensure the home operations are
better?
63
1. First and foremost, on average, is your home automated?
2. Have you ever used the automated smart home system?
3. What system do you have in place to monitor, control and operate the home?
4. How do you currently operate the home?
5. Are you interested in the current operation of the home?
6. What do you want to be improved on the operation of your home?
7. What major challenges are you faced with while operating the home?
8. Is there anything you would recommend to be put into place to ensure the home operations are
better?
63
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