SMM and NRM Suite Measurement and Approximate Estimation Method
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This assignment discusses the SMM and NRM Suite measurement methods for construction projects. It also covers the approximate estimation method and Gantt chart for Tank House Formation in Gables. The assignment is relevant to the subject of Tendering Estimating & Cost Control (EG 5115) at UEL.
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Module code EG 5115 Resit
Module title Tendering Estimating & Cost Control
Module leader Ian Lemon
Assignment tutor Ian Lemon
Assignment title Measurement of Detached Bungalow.
Assignment number 2
Weighting 50%
Hand-out date RESIT
Submission date 11th July 2018 At The ‘Hub’
Learning outcomes assessed by
this assignment 2,3,5,6,7,8,9&14
Turnitin submission requirement Yes Turnitin Grade Mark feedback
used?
No
UEL Plus Grade Book submission
used?
No UEL Plus Grade Book feedback
used?
No
Other electronic system used? No Are submissions / feedback totally
electronic?
No
Additional information
Module title Tendering Estimating & Cost Control
Module leader Ian Lemon
Assignment tutor Ian Lemon
Assignment title Measurement of Detached Bungalow.
Assignment number 2
Weighting 50%
Hand-out date RESIT
Submission date 11th July 2018 At The ‘Hub’
Learning outcomes assessed by
this assignment 2,3,5,6,7,8,9&14
Turnitin submission requirement Yes Turnitin Grade Mark feedback
used?
No
UEL Plus Grade Book submission
used?
No UEL Plus Grade Book feedback
used?
No
Other electronic system used? No Are submissions / feedback totally
electronic?
No
Additional information
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1CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
Table of Contents
1. Brief Report on SMM and NRM Suite Measurement.................................................................2
1a. Introduction............................................................................................................................2
1b. Use of SMM Period Work Measurement..............................................................................2
1c. Utilization of NRM Suite Work Measurement......................................................................3
1d. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................4
3. Discussion of Approximate Estimation Method and Gantt chart................................................4
3a. Discussion of Appropriate Estimation Method......................................................................4
3b. Gantt chart for Tank House Formation in Gables.................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8
Table of Contents
1. Brief Report on SMM and NRM Suite Measurement.................................................................2
1a. Introduction............................................................................................................................2
1b. Use of SMM Period Work Measurement..............................................................................2
1c. Utilization of NRM Suite Work Measurement......................................................................3
1d. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................4
3. Discussion of Approximate Estimation Method and Gantt chart................................................4
3a. Discussion of Appropriate Estimation Method......................................................................4
3b. Gantt chart for Tank House Formation in Gables.................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8
2CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
1. Brief Report on SMM and NRM Suite Measurement
1a. Introduction
The SMM stands for standard method of measurement and it has been defined by the
Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors for aligning with the implementation of the detailed
calculation and table analysis (Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018). An industry based analysis had
been deployed for uniform measuring analysis of the building works. The adoption of the best
practice for the analysis would be based on the avoidance of the disputes.
The NRM or new rules of measurement was also published by the Royal Institute of
Chartered Surveyors Quantity Surveying and Construction Professional Group
(Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018). Some standard set of measurement would be used for
estimating the cost and procurement plan. The adoption of the standard methodology for the
NRM would be based on the consistent facility and benchmarking that would be helpful for
dealing with the disputes.
1b. Use of SMM Period Work Measurement
The SMM stands for standard method of measurement and it has been defined by the
Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors for aligning with the implementation of the detailed
calculation and table analysis (Maurer et al. 2018). The SMM provide the detailed information
for building works and it is helpful for forming the uniform basis for facilitating the industry
wide consistency. The SMM has been typically used for the preparation of bills of quantities and
documents for providing measures of the work items. The analysis would be based on the
significant development of the work identified with the specification and drawings. The tender
1. Brief Report on SMM and NRM Suite Measurement
1a. Introduction
The SMM stands for standard method of measurement and it has been defined by the
Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors for aligning with the implementation of the detailed
calculation and table analysis (Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018). An industry based analysis had
been deployed for uniform measuring analysis of the building works. The adoption of the best
practice for the analysis would be based on the avoidance of the disputes.
The NRM or new rules of measurement was also published by the Royal Institute of
Chartered Surveyors Quantity Surveying and Construction Professional Group
(Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018). Some standard set of measurement would be used for
estimating the cost and procurement plan. The adoption of the standard methodology for the
NRM would be based on the consistent facility and benchmarking that would be helpful for
dealing with the disputes.
1b. Use of SMM Period Work Measurement
The SMM stands for standard method of measurement and it has been defined by the
Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors for aligning with the implementation of the detailed
calculation and table analysis (Maurer et al. 2018). The SMM provide the detailed information
for building works and it is helpful for forming the uniform basis for facilitating the industry
wide consistency. The SMM has been typically used for the preparation of bills of quantities and
documents for providing measures of the work items. The analysis would be based on the
significant development of the work identified with the specification and drawings. The tender
3CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
documentation is based on the formation of the adoption for the best practices. An industry based
analysis had been deployed for uniform measuring analysis of the building works. The work
section on SMM is being executed with the help of the rules and norms set by CAWS or
Common Arrangement of Work Sections. The CAWS had created a consistent agreement for the
bills of quantity and specifications of work sections (Akbar et al. 2015). It has been accompanied
by the code of measure and procedure of measurement of the building works. The adoption of
the best practice for the analysis would be based on the avoidance of the disputes.
1c. Utilization of NRM Suite Work Measurement
The SMM has been phased out with the implication of the NRM or new rules of
measurement that was also published by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Quantity
Surveying and Construction Professional Group (Packer 2016). Some standard set of
measurement would be used for estimating the cost and procurement plan. The July month of
year 2013 marked the end of using the SMM and NRM marked its beginning since the time. The
NRM has been introduced in two additional volumes,
a) NRM1 that involves the order for cost planning and estimating for the capital
building works
b) NRM2 that involves the order for cost planning and estimating for the building
works
c) NRM3 that involves the order for cost planning and estimating for the building
maintenance works
The adoption of the standard methodology for the NRM would be based on the consistent
facility and benchmarking that would be helpful for dealing with the disputes. The NRM suite
documentation is based on the formation of the adoption for the best practices. An industry based
analysis had been deployed for uniform measuring analysis of the building works. The work
section on SMM is being executed with the help of the rules and norms set by CAWS or
Common Arrangement of Work Sections. The CAWS had created a consistent agreement for the
bills of quantity and specifications of work sections (Akbar et al. 2015). It has been accompanied
by the code of measure and procedure of measurement of the building works. The adoption of
the best practice for the analysis would be based on the avoidance of the disputes.
1c. Utilization of NRM Suite Work Measurement
The SMM has been phased out with the implication of the NRM or new rules of
measurement that was also published by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Quantity
Surveying and Construction Professional Group (Packer 2016). Some standard set of
measurement would be used for estimating the cost and procurement plan. The July month of
year 2013 marked the end of using the SMM and NRM marked its beginning since the time. The
NRM has been introduced in two additional volumes,
a) NRM1 that involves the order for cost planning and estimating for the capital
building works
b) NRM2 that involves the order for cost planning and estimating for the building
works
c) NRM3 that involves the order for cost planning and estimating for the building
maintenance works
The adoption of the standard methodology for the NRM would be based on the consistent
facility and benchmarking that would be helpful for dealing with the disputes. The NRM suite
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4CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
would be helpful for providing better achievement of the client’s needs, allowance for
considering the full costs of projects, and provision for entailing better and more detailed initial
requirement listing. NRM suite also provides a detailed specific alignment for the toolkit
supporting the cost management for controlling the project cost development (Abanda, Kamsu-
Foguem and Tah 2017). The suite helps in guiding the changes for the specific development of
the operations.
1d. Conclusion
It can be concluded from the assignment that the SMM and NRM have some specific
qualities and rules for measuring the construction work requirements. The SMM has been the
predecessor of NRM suite and it had been largely used for listing the bills of quantities and later
on it helped in avoiding any conflict for the execution of the project. The NRM is a specific tool
alignment for the deployment of the cost estimating and planning for the construction projects.
The adoption of the standard methodology for the NRM was based on the consistent facility and
benchmarking that would be helpful for dealing with the disputes. NRM suite also provided a
detailed specific alignment for the toolkit supporting the cost management for controlling the
project cost development. The suite helped in guiding the changes for the specific development
of the operations.
3. Discussion of Approximate Estimation Method and Gantt chart
3a. Discussion of Appropriate Estimation Method
i. Hospital or bowling alley: The hospital or bowling alley is a new multi-storeyed
building/alley construction which would require the use of varied resources and
would be helpful for providing better achievement of the client’s needs, allowance for
considering the full costs of projects, and provision for entailing better and more detailed initial
requirement listing. NRM suite also provides a detailed specific alignment for the toolkit
supporting the cost management for controlling the project cost development (Abanda, Kamsu-
Foguem and Tah 2017). The suite helps in guiding the changes for the specific development of
the operations.
1d. Conclusion
It can be concluded from the assignment that the SMM and NRM have some specific
qualities and rules for measuring the construction work requirements. The SMM has been the
predecessor of NRM suite and it had been largely used for listing the bills of quantities and later
on it helped in avoiding any conflict for the execution of the project. The NRM is a specific tool
alignment for the deployment of the cost estimating and planning for the construction projects.
The adoption of the standard methodology for the NRM was based on the consistent facility and
benchmarking that would be helpful for dealing with the disputes. NRM suite also provided a
detailed specific alignment for the toolkit supporting the cost management for controlling the
project cost development. The suite helped in guiding the changes for the specific development
of the operations.
3. Discussion of Approximate Estimation Method and Gantt chart
3a. Discussion of Appropriate Estimation Method
i. Hospital or bowling alley: The hospital or bowling alley is a new multi-storeyed
building/alley construction which would require the use of varied resources and
5CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
functions. The method of cubical contents method can be used for measuring the
work (approximate estimation method) and it would allow the consideration of
operations and forming the implication of the specific structure cost calculation
(The Constructor 2016). The cubical content area for the approximate estimation
method is calculated by the use of the volume of the building. The volume
obtained would be calculated as length X breadth X height. The plinth offset is
excluded from the length and breadth measurement for the out to walls. The cost
of cornice, string course, and corbelling has been excluded from the approximate
estimation method. The overall estimation of the cost is based on the
multiplication of the volume of building with the rate/unit volume.
ii. A project similar to a previous job: The estimation of the cost with the help of
plinth area and plinth area rate would help in using the effective calculation of the
overall costs (Brook 2016). The necessary enquiries and careful observation
would be helpful for measuring the quality and quantity of labour and materials.
The complete estimation of the building height, roof, and work related to wood,
storeys and fixtures would be considered. The method of cubical contents method
can be used for measuring the work (approximate estimation method) and it
would allow the consideration of operations and forming the implication of the
specific structure cost calculation. The cubical content area for the approximate
estimation method is calculated by the use of the volume of the building
(Gurcanli, Bilir and Sevim 2015). The cost of cornice, string course, and
corbelling has been excluded from the approximate estimation method. The
functions. The method of cubical contents method can be used for measuring the
work (approximate estimation method) and it would allow the consideration of
operations and forming the implication of the specific structure cost calculation
(The Constructor 2016). The cubical content area for the approximate estimation
method is calculated by the use of the volume of the building. The volume
obtained would be calculated as length X breadth X height. The plinth offset is
excluded from the length and breadth measurement for the out to walls. The cost
of cornice, string course, and corbelling has been excluded from the approximate
estimation method. The overall estimation of the cost is based on the
multiplication of the volume of building with the rate/unit volume.
ii. A project similar to a previous job: The estimation of the cost with the help of
plinth area and plinth area rate would help in using the effective calculation of the
overall costs (Brook 2016). The necessary enquiries and careful observation
would be helpful for measuring the quality and quantity of labour and materials.
The complete estimation of the building height, roof, and work related to wood,
storeys and fixtures would be considered. The method of cubical contents method
can be used for measuring the work (approximate estimation method) and it
would allow the consideration of operations and forming the implication of the
specific structure cost calculation. The cubical content area for the approximate
estimation method is calculated by the use of the volume of the building
(Gurcanli, Bilir and Sevim 2015). The cost of cornice, string course, and
corbelling has been excluded from the approximate estimation method. The
6CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
overall estimation of the cost is based on the multiplication of the volume of
building with the rate/unit volume.
iii. A bungalow 10m x 6m internal floor area: The internal floor area construction
would be based on the implication of the plinth area method. The cost of the work
would be calculated by fixing the use of plinth approximate estimation method for
the multiplication of the plinth area rate. The multiplication of the length and
breadth can result in forming the area of the outer dimension of the building
(Akcay et al. 2018). The estimation of the cost with the help of plinth area and
plinth area rate would help in using the effective calculation of the overall costs.
The necessary enquiries and careful observation would be helpful for measuring
the quality and quantity of labour and materials. The complete estimation of the
building height, roof, and work related to wood, storeys and fixtures would be
considered.
overall estimation of the cost is based on the multiplication of the volume of
building with the rate/unit volume.
iii. A bungalow 10m x 6m internal floor area: The internal floor area construction
would be based on the implication of the plinth area method. The cost of the work
would be calculated by fixing the use of plinth approximate estimation method for
the multiplication of the plinth area rate. The multiplication of the length and
breadth can result in forming the area of the outer dimension of the building
(Akcay et al. 2018). The estimation of the cost with the help of plinth area and
plinth area rate would help in using the effective calculation of the overall costs.
The necessary enquiries and careful observation would be helpful for measuring
the quality and quantity of labour and materials. The complete estimation of the
building height, roof, and work related to wood, storeys and fixtures would be
considered.
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7CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
3b. Gantt chart for Tank House Formation in Gables
The Gantt chart for the project of Tank House Formation in Gables with critical path marked in red boxes of the timeline is shown below,
ID Task
Mode
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish
0 0 Tank House Formation in Gables55 days Wed 8/1/18 Tue 10/16/18
1 1 Pre-Initialization 10 days Wed 8/1/18 Tue 8/14/18
2 1.1 RFP issued 2 days Wed 8/1/18 Thu 8/2/18
3 1.2 Proposals are made 4 days Fri 8/3/18 Wed 8/8/18
4 1.3 Selection of Proposal 1 day Thu 8/9/18 Thu 8/9/18
5 1.4 Tender Documentation 3 days Fri 8/10/18 Tue 8/14/18
6 1.5 Tender Approval 0 days Tue 8/14/18 Tue 8/14/18
7 2 Initialization 8 days Fri 8/3/18 Tue 8/14/18
8 2.1 Requirement Analysis 3 days Fri 8/3/18 Tue 8/7/18
9 2.2 Developing Initialization Documents2 days Wed 8/8/18 Thu 8/9/18
10 2.3 Charter Document is made 2 days Fri 8/10/18 Mon 8/13/18
11 2.4 Submission of document 1 day Tue 8/14/18 Tue 8/14/18
12 2.5 Kick off 0 days Tue 8/14/18 Tue 8/14/18
13 3 Planning 13 days Wed 8/8/18 Fri 8/24/18
14 3.1 Activity is listed 2 days Wed 8/8/18 Thu 8/9/18
15 3.2 Scheduling the activities 3 days Fri 8/10/18 Tue 8/14/18
16 3.3 Risk Management Planning 4 days Wed 8/15/18 Mon 8/20/18
17 3.4 Communication Planning 4 days Tue 8/21/18 Fri 8/24/18
18 3.5 Plan Approval 0 days Fri 8/24/18 Fri 8/24/18
19 4 Execution 33 days Mon 8/27/18 Wed 10/10/18
20 4.1 Site Clearance 5 days Mon 8/27/18 Fri 8/31/18
21 4.2 Safety and Medical Kit installed2 days Mon 8/27/18 Tue 8/28/18
22 4.3 Ground is leveled 4 days Tue 9/11/18 Fri 9/14/18
23 4.4 Excavation 6 days Mon 9/3/18 Mon 9/10/18
24 4.5 DPC level 3 days Mon 9/10/18 Wed 9/12/18
25 4.6 Internal and External
Trench Line is made
4 days Wed 9/26/18 Mon 10/1/18
26 4.7 Top Soil of Excavation is stored2 days Tue 9/11/18 Wed 9/12/18
27 4.8 Hardcore Excavation of
bricks and stones
5 days Mon 9/3/18 Fri 9/7/18
28 4.9 Concrete wall development 7 days Mon 9/17/18 Tue 9/25/18
29 4.10 Outer Brickwork is developed6 days Thu 9/13/18 Thu 9/20/18
30 4.11 Required Cavity of tank is obtained4 days Tue 10/2/18 Fri 10/5/18
31 4.12 Damp-proofing 3 days Mon 10/8/18 Wed 10/10/18
32 4.13 Tank House developed 0 days Wed 10/10/18Wed 10/10/18
33 5 Site Inspection and Closure 11 days Tue 10/2/18 Tue 10/16/18
34 5.1 Inspecting the site for issues2 days Tue 10/2/18 Wed 10/3/18
35 5.2 Modifying the errors 4 days Thu 10/4/18 Tue 10/9/18
36 5.3 Final Report is made 3 days Thu 10/11/18 Mon 10/15/18
37 5.4 Sign off the report 1 day Tue 10/16/18 Tue 10/16/18
38 5.5 Project Closed 0 days Tue 10/16/18 Tue 10/16/18
8/14
8/14
8/24
10/10
10/16
S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S
Jul 29, '18 Aug 12, '18 Aug 26, '18 Sep 9, '18 Sep 23, '18 Oct 7, '18 Oct 21, '18
Figure 1: Gantt chart of the project
3b. Gantt chart for Tank House Formation in Gables
The Gantt chart for the project of Tank House Formation in Gables with critical path marked in red boxes of the timeline is shown below,
ID Task
Mode
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish
0 0 Tank House Formation in Gables55 days Wed 8/1/18 Tue 10/16/18
1 1 Pre-Initialization 10 days Wed 8/1/18 Tue 8/14/18
2 1.1 RFP issued 2 days Wed 8/1/18 Thu 8/2/18
3 1.2 Proposals are made 4 days Fri 8/3/18 Wed 8/8/18
4 1.3 Selection of Proposal 1 day Thu 8/9/18 Thu 8/9/18
5 1.4 Tender Documentation 3 days Fri 8/10/18 Tue 8/14/18
6 1.5 Tender Approval 0 days Tue 8/14/18 Tue 8/14/18
7 2 Initialization 8 days Fri 8/3/18 Tue 8/14/18
8 2.1 Requirement Analysis 3 days Fri 8/3/18 Tue 8/7/18
9 2.2 Developing Initialization Documents2 days Wed 8/8/18 Thu 8/9/18
10 2.3 Charter Document is made 2 days Fri 8/10/18 Mon 8/13/18
11 2.4 Submission of document 1 day Tue 8/14/18 Tue 8/14/18
12 2.5 Kick off 0 days Tue 8/14/18 Tue 8/14/18
13 3 Planning 13 days Wed 8/8/18 Fri 8/24/18
14 3.1 Activity is listed 2 days Wed 8/8/18 Thu 8/9/18
15 3.2 Scheduling the activities 3 days Fri 8/10/18 Tue 8/14/18
16 3.3 Risk Management Planning 4 days Wed 8/15/18 Mon 8/20/18
17 3.4 Communication Planning 4 days Tue 8/21/18 Fri 8/24/18
18 3.5 Plan Approval 0 days Fri 8/24/18 Fri 8/24/18
19 4 Execution 33 days Mon 8/27/18 Wed 10/10/18
20 4.1 Site Clearance 5 days Mon 8/27/18 Fri 8/31/18
21 4.2 Safety and Medical Kit installed2 days Mon 8/27/18 Tue 8/28/18
22 4.3 Ground is leveled 4 days Tue 9/11/18 Fri 9/14/18
23 4.4 Excavation 6 days Mon 9/3/18 Mon 9/10/18
24 4.5 DPC level 3 days Mon 9/10/18 Wed 9/12/18
25 4.6 Internal and External
Trench Line is made
4 days Wed 9/26/18 Mon 10/1/18
26 4.7 Top Soil of Excavation is stored2 days Tue 9/11/18 Wed 9/12/18
27 4.8 Hardcore Excavation of
bricks and stones
5 days Mon 9/3/18 Fri 9/7/18
28 4.9 Concrete wall development 7 days Mon 9/17/18 Tue 9/25/18
29 4.10 Outer Brickwork is developed6 days Thu 9/13/18 Thu 9/20/18
30 4.11 Required Cavity of tank is obtained4 days Tue 10/2/18 Fri 10/5/18
31 4.12 Damp-proofing 3 days Mon 10/8/18 Wed 10/10/18
32 4.13 Tank House developed 0 days Wed 10/10/18Wed 10/10/18
33 5 Site Inspection and Closure 11 days Tue 10/2/18 Tue 10/16/18
34 5.1 Inspecting the site for issues2 days Tue 10/2/18 Wed 10/3/18
35 5.2 Modifying the errors 4 days Thu 10/4/18 Tue 10/9/18
36 5.3 Final Report is made 3 days Thu 10/11/18 Mon 10/15/18
37 5.4 Sign off the report 1 day Tue 10/16/18 Tue 10/16/18
38 5.5 Project Closed 0 days Tue 10/16/18 Tue 10/16/18
8/14
8/14
8/24
10/10
10/16
S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S
Jul 29, '18 Aug 12, '18 Aug 26, '18 Sep 9, '18 Sep 23, '18 Oct 7, '18 Oct 21, '18
Figure 1: Gantt chart of the project
8CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
References
Abanda, F.H., Kamsu-Foguem, B. and Tah, J.H.M., 2017. BIM–New rules of measurement
ontology for construction cost estimation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International
Journal, 20(2), pp.443-459.
Akbar, A.R.N., Mohammad, M.F., Ahmad, N. and Maisyam, M., 2015. Adopting standardization
in construction environment: Standard method of measurement (smms). Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 170, pp.37-48.
Akcay, C., Aslan, S., Sayin, B. and Manisalı, E., 2018. Estimating OHS costs of building
construction projects based on mathematical methods. Safety Science, 109, pp.361-367.
Brook, M., 2016. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Routledge.
Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018. New Rules of Measurement - Designing Buildings Wiki.
[online] Available at: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/New_Rules_of_Measurement
[Accessed 7 Jul. 2018].
Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018. Standard Method of Measurement SMM7 - Designing Buildings
Wiki. [online] Available at:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Standard_Method_of_Measurement_SMM7
[Accessed 7 Jul. 2018].
Gurcanli, G.E., Bilir, S. and Sevim, M., 2015. Activity based risk assessment and safety cost
estimation for residential building construction projects. Safety science, 80, pp.1-12.
References
Abanda, F.H., Kamsu-Foguem, B. and Tah, J.H.M., 2017. BIM–New rules of measurement
ontology for construction cost estimation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International
Journal, 20(2), pp.443-459.
Akbar, A.R.N., Mohammad, M.F., Ahmad, N. and Maisyam, M., 2015. Adopting standardization
in construction environment: Standard method of measurement (smms). Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 170, pp.37-48.
Akcay, C., Aslan, S., Sayin, B. and Manisalı, E., 2018. Estimating OHS costs of building
construction projects based on mathematical methods. Safety Science, 109, pp.361-367.
Brook, M., 2016. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Routledge.
Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018. New Rules of Measurement - Designing Buildings Wiki.
[online] Available at: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/New_Rules_of_Measurement
[Accessed 7 Jul. 2018].
Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2018. Standard Method of Measurement SMM7 - Designing Buildings
Wiki. [online] Available at:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Standard_Method_of_Measurement_SMM7
[Accessed 7 Jul. 2018].
Gurcanli, G.E., Bilir, S. and Sevim, M., 2015. Activity based risk assessment and safety cost
estimation for residential building construction projects. Safety science, 80, pp.1-12.
9CONSTRUCTION PROJECT WORKS
Maurer, D.L., Bragdon, A.M., Short, B.C., Ahn, H. and Koziel, J.A., 2018. Improving
environmental odor measurements: comparison of lab-based standard method and portable odor
measurement technology. Archives of Environmental Protection.
Packer, A.D., 2016. Building Measurement: New Rules of Measurement. Routledge.
The Constructor. 2016. Methods of Approximate Construction Cost Estimation Preparation.
[online] Available at: https://theconstructor.org/construction/estimating-costing/approximate-
construction-cost-estimation/6483/ [Accessed 7 Jul. 2018].
Maurer, D.L., Bragdon, A.M., Short, B.C., Ahn, H. and Koziel, J.A., 2018. Improving
environmental odor measurements: comparison of lab-based standard method and portable odor
measurement technology. Archives of Environmental Protection.
Packer, A.D., 2016. Building Measurement: New Rules of Measurement. Routledge.
The Constructor. 2016. Methods of Approximate Construction Cost Estimation Preparation.
[online] Available at: https://theconstructor.org/construction/estimating-costing/approximate-
construction-cost-estimation/6483/ [Accessed 7 Jul. 2018].
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