Effects of Smoking on Respiratory and Cardiac Systems

This article discusses the changes in coronary artery that give rise to CHD and the effects of smoking on lungs, COPD, and lung cancer. It also explores the link between smoking and diseases, providing evidence that smoking causes HD and lung cancer. The article suggests physical therapies, smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and nutritional food therapies to control smoking. The subject is Human Respiratory and Cardiac Systems, and the course code is 6C 2.

HUMAN RESPIRATORY
AND CARDIAC SYSTEMS
6C 2

HUMAN RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC SYSTEMS 6C 2
Changes in coronary artery that gives rise to CHD and changes that can be initiated by poor diet
and smoking
Coronary heart disease is caused by build-up of fatty acids on wall of arteries around heart, which makes arteries
narrower and restrict flow of blood to heart muscle. Smoking leads to changes in coronary artery, that rises to CHD
and changes respiratory diseases further specifically. The coronary heart diseases changes CHD levels and creates
awareness, as it further hampers individual breathing. Coronary arteries smooth surface is damaged, which leads to
high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking and diabetes which are some of the major
common reasons. Improper eating and lifestyle habits, further has been found to be major concern for cardiovascular
health issues and smoking being another major health issue lowers efficiency. Blood cholesterol, blood pressure are
some of the major health complications rising due to changes in coronary arteries which are due to CHD.
 It can be analyzed that CHD is caused due to poor diet and
smoking, as it further lowers health of individual diversely. Poor
diet also leads to blood cholesterol, blood pressure issues which
also further has been identified as major aspect lowering vitality
of health.
 The changes in coronary artery gives rise to CHD levels where
smoking has been identified as major concern among people.
Smoking accounts for 33 percent of all deaths, which is major
health issue as it increases CHD levels among body and hampers
health.
 Changes in coronary artery, that gives are caused due to
increased blood clotting and fat absorption which are found to
be specifically essential. Poor diet and smoking leads to
individual health decline, CHD levels increase and changes
within arteries which further hampers physical health
significantly.
 Lung cancer by damaging cells, creates changes in lung tissues
and hampers specific breathing among people. It has been also
identified that lung cancer further has been grown due to
smoking addiction, and is major concern area among people.
Effects of smoking on lungs and reference to COPD and lung cancer
Smoking causes lung diseases and damages airways and small air sacs found in lungs, caused by smoking
which includes COPD as major concern. The effects of smoking are directly on lungs and leads to lung cancer
where smoking is leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases among people. Injured lungs have
significant trouble moving enough air in and out, due to smoking which leads to significant health concerns.
Smoking hampers lung efficiency. People who smoke are chronically facing lung disease which accounts for 73 %
of all smoking related illness. Chronic lung diseases accounts for 50 % of all smoking related conditions and it has
harmful reactions on lungs

 This leads to COPD, harmful chemicals impacts lungs when smoke leads to cellular changes that interfere
airway expansion and contraction, as it results lung stiffness which leads to shortness of breath. Smoking
damages lungs even after COPD develops worsening disease and triggering exacerbations within severe
respiratory distress. It can be life threatening for individuals, and induces abrupt elevation of chemicals within
blood as it is linked with COPD associated death.
 Smoking causes about 90 % of deaths of all lung cancer deaths, where more women die from lung cancer health
issue than breast cancer as it causes about 80% of deaths from COPD. There is loss of appetite, unexplained
weight loss and shortness of breath and feeling of tiredness and weakness within physical body.
 Smoking causes an instant and long term rise in blood pressure, and long term increase in heart rate which
reduces blood flow from heart. It reduces amount of oxygen that reaches body tissues, increase risk of blood
clots in body. Smoking hampers blood vessels and doubles risk of stroke which reduces blood flow to brain, and
also leads to depression and stress.
Evidence that smoking causes HD and lung cancer that includes link between smoking and diseases
 Worldwide over 1 million people die due to lung cancer where cigarette smoking explains almost 90 %
of lung cancer risk in men and 70 to 80% in women which evidently has multiple and epigenetic
abnormalities among people. It is known to promote cancer among people, which has been significantly
found to be crucial health concern globally. Also chronic inflammation is known to promote cancer,
which results both from smoking and genetic abnormalities among people. Lung cancer includes link
between smoking and diseases, as it is one of the major health risk widely declining health parameters
among people.
 Heart attacks are also increasing among smoking addicted people, which starts with blood clots and cuts
of the flow of blood to heart without proper oxygen and nutrients supply. It damages blood vessels,
where arteries supplying blood to arms and legs are affected which affects blood circulation among body
diversely. Cigarette smoking is linked to about 80 % to 90 % of lung cancer deaths, where tobacco
products increases risk for lung cancer. Tobacco smoke is toxic mix of more than 7000 chemicals, which
directly hampers lungs efficiency and leads to lung cancer.
 30 % of all coronary heart diseases are due to cigarette smoking, with risk being strongly dose related, It
doubles risk of ischemic strokes and lung cancer as some of the major health risks. Smokers are also at
an increased risk for peripheral vascular diseases, cancer and chronic lung diseases which are some of the
major health risks. It is single most alterable risk factor for premature morbidity and mortality, accounts
for approximate 430,000 deaths annually.
 It also has been found that physical therapies, smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and nutritional food
therapies should be given for smoking to be controlled significantly. It can be also analyzed that
cardiovascular diseases have been specifically becoming common due to rapid increase among health
issues and smoking addiction. It is also one of the leading cause for concerns among people, due to
rapid increase in lung cancer cases globally.

RFERENCES
Books and Journals
Caini, S. and et.al, 2022. Quitting smoking at or around diagnosis improves the overall survival
of lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of
Thoracic Oncology.
Hu, Y and et.al, 2022. Exposure to Tobacco Smoking Induces a subset of Activated Tumor-
resident Tregs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Translational oncology, 15(1),
p.101261.
Rizzello, E and et.al, 2022. Interaction between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and
tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. European
Journal of Cancer Prevention, 31(1), pp.1-6.
Wu, F.Z and et.al, 2022. Impact of Smoking Status on Lung Cancer Characteristics and
Mortality Rates between Screened and Non-Screened Lung Cancer Cohorts: Real-
World Knowledge Translation and Education. Journal of Personalized
Medicine, 12(1), p.26.