Social Determinants of Health and Indigenous Health Inequality
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This essay discusses the impact of social determinants of health on indigenous health inequality. It covers factors such as lack of income, poverty, education, and access to healthcare. The essay also highlights the importance of understanding social determinants of health in addressing health inequities.
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION The social determinant of the health is defined as the non-medical factor which may affect the health outcome. They also show the aspect which is related with the issue of condition which is grown and related with the work, lives and age which is act as a force and system that used to shape the situation of the daily life. Therefore, such factor and organised system may contributed include the economic policies and system that provide the aspect of development agendas, social norms and ethics, social policies and political system which is also contributed with the social determinant of health. such factor may show the contribution towards the poor health and quality of life (Carter and et. al., 2022). The lack of income, poverty and many more which is also related with factor which may affect the quality of health and life. In addition, the indigenous people used to face the issue which is related with the social determinant of health. In this, the major cause is above listed which include that have lack of income, education, unemployment, food insecurity, housing and many more which may impact their life in the various ways. In this report the major of discussion is based on the social determinant of health with the elaboration of indigenous health determinants and it also demonstrate about the context of poor indigenous health status (Cluver and et. al., 2020). MAIN BODY The social determinant of health which have the essential influence on the health inequities which is related with the unfair and usually avoid the difference in the health status seen within and between the countries. In the term of countries which is related with the all level of income, health and illness which is follow the social gradient. The lower the socioeconomic position the condition is usually become worse for the various of situation which may associated with the health of improvement towards the life. The indigenous people used to face the consistent issue which is related with the poor health and access to toward the good health because the factor of social determinant may affect the reliability and validity of health. In addition, the income and social protection, education and unemployment are the major factor which may influence the optimum health outcome and job security. Working life condition and the food insecurity which is show the impact which may affect the people lives. In the context to the indigenous people, the people used to get affect due to such factor which may restrict the people in order to take the advantage which is related with the good health advantage (Gemelas, and Davison, 2022). 1
Therefore, housing, basic amenities and the environment with the aspect of early childhood developed also show their contribution toward the factor which act as the promotor of social determinant of health. Therefore, the structural conflict may also show the aspect which is related with the social inclusion and non-discrimination also show their prevalence in the factor which may render the health and opacity of life (Islam, 2019). There are various of research and survey has been taken with the context to World Health Organisation it is more essential than the healthcare and lifestyle choice which also influence the health. For example, there are numerous of studies which is related with the social determinant of health which is account between 30-55 percent of the health outcome. Therefore, it is well estimated that the contribution of the sector which is may show the impact which is related with the outside of health to population outcome that exceed the contribution from the prominent health sector. The people from the indigenous area are usually face the various factor which may render the quality of health and turn into poor due to the lack of income and poor education (Maalouf and et. al., 2021). Improvement in the health status of indigenous are usually affected due to the social determinant of health. While taking to context of Australia, it is defined as the long lasting challenge for the government in order to show the impact which is related with the poor access of health. The gap in the health status show the relation which is related with the indigenous and non-indigenous which is relatively unacceptable at the wider range. It is also determined that the human right concern is usually raise by United Nations committee and acknowledged as such by the Australian governments. The social determinant theory recognise which show the aspect toward the population health and inequality which is well determined by the number of interconnected social factor (Mitchell and et. al., 2020). In addition, it is defined as basic tenets of the human rights which show the impact of law that is related with the interconnection and the impact which is related with the right that effect the life of others. Due to such kind of synergy, the discourse is occurring which is related with the human right violence that provide the conceptual framework for the analysis the potential which may impact the health of government policies and the program on the indigenous people. It is also showing the aspect which is related with the social determinant of health that impact the people of indigenous in the various where the loss of land and other human rights violence are used to take that create complication with the people in order to take the access of good health and improvement toward the life (Nosrati, and Marmot, 2019). 2
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The important determinant of indigenous health inequality in the term of Australia show the lack of access to the healthcare which is primary and the lower the standard of the infrastructure which is related with the indigenous communities (healthy housing, food and sanitation, etc.) with the comparison of other Australians. Good health is related with the complex set of factor such as health risk factor, access to and use of health service, environmental factor and the individual own health abilities. There are some of the difference which is related with factor which is associated with the individual and subgroup of society which is related with the socio- economic position that include the difference in the term of education, employment and the income (O'Gurek,. and Henke, 2018). Therefore, the socioeconomic difference is also called as the social determinant of health which is related with the observed difference in the health outcome. In addition to this, the social determinants which show the impact or circumstance in which people grow, live, work and age. They can be measured by the indicator which help to reflecttheindividualwiththepersonalsituationwhichincludetheincome,education, employment and level of social support and social inclusion. The external natural environment which include level of air pollution and the material which is hazardous material that they used to exposed in areas where they live. The early life experience such as housing condition, transportation and access towards the good health service are commonly show the acceptance towards the social determinants of health. Therefore, the most of the social determinants are usually provide the concept which is related with the issue of life that is based on indigenous people. For example, higher level of education usually leads to create a better employment among the population and provide higher income and that lead to create a healthier housing situation and condition (Purnell, Joshi, and Harry, 2022). For the Aboriginals and Torres Strait islander people, the social determinant of health also shows the factor which is included as the cultural identification, family, participation which may show the aspect which is related with the activities and access towards the traditional lands. Therefore, there are some of the factor which is related with the community of indigenous for the functioning which also essential for the determinant of indigenous health and wellbeing. The importance of the understanding which is related with the social determinant of health gap which is related with the indigenous and non- indigenous Australian show the aspect which is related with the difference in the health outcome within the population which is associated with the indigenous people (Tison and et. al., 2020). 3
The proper estimation is used to provide which is related with the impact of social determinant of indigenous health. AIHW measure the role of social determinants behind the average health gap which is between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians using the composite measure of the health. The analysis is used to relate the data on people which is associated with the age of 15 to 64 from the ABS 2012 to 2013 Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander Health survey that is defined as the indigenous data and comparison is used to made with the ABS 2011-2012 that is based on the Australian health survey that is non indigenouscomponent(Walls, Baker,and Parkhurst, 2020). In thesedata 28 percentof indigenous which is assessed that is good health which is based on the composite health measure that is compared with the 54 percent of non-indigenous adult which lead to create the average gap of the 26 percent points. Therefore, the result with the statistical analysed show the more than 53 percent of health gap are well analysed which show the aspect between indigenous and non-indigenous working age that provide the concept of adult which is accounted. A set of five selected social determinants which is contributed for the 34 percent of the gaps. In this, the employments and hours which is worked with the highest non-school qualification, level of schooling and housing adequacy and household income. The set of six health risk which is also contributed within the 19 percent of gap which is related with the binge drinking, high blood pressure, overweight and obesity status, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, lack of physical exercise and smoking which create negative impact on the indigenous people. The difference in the social determinant can also present the large part of difference which is related with the health status. For instance, indigenous Australians who are not employed and those with the lower level of education in the term of general which have poorer health than the employed indigenous people and those with the higher education level (Walls, Baker, and Parkhurst, 2020). CONCLUSION As per the above discussion, it is well highlighted that the indigenous people face the issue of social determinant which may affect the quality of health and improvement toward the life. The social determinant which is usually contributed in the indigenous people life which prevent to get the proper health outcome. In this, the health gap is discussed with the factor of social determinant of health such as lack of income, poverty and many more which may contribute to create poor access of health and education. 4
REFERENCES Books and Journals Carter and et. al., 2022. Assessing the Art of Social Determinant Competencies: Utilization of ClinicalVignettesasaMethodforAssessingMedicalStudentsWithinaSocial Determinants of Health Elective. Cluver and et. al., 2020. Parenting in a time of COVID-19.Lancet,395(10231). Gemelas, J. and Davison, J., 2022. Inequities in employment by race, ethnicity, and sector during COVID-19.Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities,9(1), pp.350-355. Islam, M.M., 2019. Social determinants of health and related inequalities: confusion and implications.Frontiers in public health,7, p.11. Maalouf and et. al., 2021. Neurologic complications of poverty: The associations between poverty as a social determinant of health and adverse neurologic outcomes.Current neurology and neuroscience reports,21(7), pp.1-7. Mitchell and et. al., 2020. Financial Capability as a Determinant of Health.Journal of Personal Finance,19(1). Nosrati, E. and Marmot, M., 2019. Punitive social policy: an upstream determinant of health.The Lancet,394(10196), pp.376-377. O'Gurek, D.T. and Henke, C., 2018. A practical approach to screening for social determinants of health.Family Practice Management,25(3), pp.7-12. Purnell, A., Joshi, P. and Harry, M., 2022, April. Unconference Session: Technology As a Social DeterminantofHealth.In2022HealthDatapaloozaandNationalHealthPolicy Conference. AcademyHealth. Tison and et. al., 2020. Worldwide effect of COVID-19 on physical activity: a descriptive study.Annals of internal medicine,173(9), pp.767-770. Walls, H., Baker, P. and Parkhurst, J., 2020 Addressing trade policy as a macro-structural determinant of health: The role of.Global Social Policy. 5