The Impact of Social Isolation on Mental and Physical Health

This literature review discusses the difference between loneliness and social isolation, the factors that contribute to social isolation, and the negative consequences of long-term social isolation on mental and physical health. It also provides measures to overcome social isolation, such as finding pleasurable activities, communicating with family and friends, joining a faith-based organization, and getting active in the community.

INTRODUCTION
Loneliness is a subjective sensation, but isolation is an objective situation in which the amount of
connections a person has can be counted. While the names have slight different meanings, both
can be distressing events with negative consequences for the individual. The absence of social
contact is known as social isolation, and it can lead to loneliness. It is a state of being cut off
from typical social networks caused by circumstances such as lack of mobility, unemployment,
or health problems. Staying at home for long periods of time, having no access to services or
community involvement, and having little or no communication with friends, family, and
acquaintances are all examples of isolation. There are numerous variables that contribute to
social isolation. Long-term illness, disabilities, transportation challenges, unemployment and
economic struggles, or domestic violence can all restrict someone from leaving the house and
interacting with others. Some people may be physically capable of going out and meeting new
people, but they are prevented from doing so by their fears such as Depression, social difficulty,
caring for just a valued one, or loss are all variables to consider. Any of these circumstances can
make it difficult to build and maintain social networks, resulting in feelings of loneliness and
isolation. According to research, long social isolation has been linked to mental health disorders
such as depression, anxiety, and substance addiction, as well as chronic diseases such as high
blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. It also increases the likelihood of dementia in older
people. That involves avoiding leaving the house unless absolutely necessary and limiting
interaction with loved ones who do not live with the person. This is especially crucial for persons
who are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. Physical distance involves avoiding close or
regular contact in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Quarantining was one of the
COVID-19 precautions. Separating someone accused of being exposed to disease, limiting their
travel, and monitoring their health is known as isolation. Quarantining is a method of preventing
the transmission of infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, government officials
required physical distance measures, which closed or limited attendance at places where people
meet, such as schools, churches, restaurants and bars, movie theatres, and sporting events.
Physical separation has also resulted in a significant shift in professional interactions. Many
companies implemented work-from-home arrangements, while others were forced to close due to
lower consumer activity.
MAIN BODY;-
Aims or objectives
To develop basic understanding regarding the social isolation.
Social isolation isn't always a bad thing; most individuals want alone at sometimes. Being alone
can be refreshing, calming, and meditative. Unwanted and harmful loneliness is commonly
referred to as social isolation. People who are socially isolated may lack close friends or
coworkers, and they may feel lonely or unhappy. They may have low self-esteem or to be

nervous. The symptoms of social isolation listed below are warning signals of harmful social
isolation:
• Avoiding social engagements, even if they were once pleasurable.
• Having anxiety or panic while thinking about social contacts.
• Having distress throughout periods of isolation.
• Having fear linked with social events.
• Spending a lot of time alone or with very little contact with others.
Emotional isolation, which is the unwillingness or inability to discuss one's sentiments with
others, can accompany social isolation.
The impact of Social isolation on health:-
Mental and physical healths are intimately connected. The negative health effects of social
isolation range from sleepiness to a weakened immune system. Loneliness is linked to greater
levels of anxiety, depression, and suicide. Some social isolation consequences are unique to
pandemics or other public health circumstances in which people must physically separate them.
Loneliness and depression can combine with anxiety and fear of the dangers associated with the
incident that necessitated physical separation.
Furthermore, people can feel angry and resentful of health and safety rules that they believe are
unneeded or unduly restrictive. Even those who support safety-related isolation and quarantine
can become irritated.
The measures to overcome this social isolation process:-
 A person should find a pleasurable activity, restart an old hobby, or participate in a class
to learn something new. A person may have a good time and meet people who share
similar interests.
 Make time every day to communicate with family, friends, and neighbors in person, by
email, social media, voice call, or text. A person should speak with people they trust and
with whom they can easily communicate their feelings. Suggest an activity that will help
in the development and upgrading of existing relationships. Friendships can also be
maintained through sending letters or cards. Use communication technologies such as
video chat, smart speakers, or even companion robots to helps an individual to stay
engaged and connected.
 Join a faith-based organization where an individual can enhance the level spirituality and
participate in activities and events with others.
 Look into local social assistance agencies, community and old organizations, and public
libraries for resources and programmers.
 Get active in the community by joining a cause.