Is Meaningful Public Discourse Compromised by Social Media?

Is meaningful public discourse compromised by social media?
Consider this question from the perspective of a corporate
communication practitioner or a journalist.
Public discourse has been seen as avenue for citizens across the globe to express their
agitation on issues affecting or likely to affect their affairs (Xu et al., 2018). Social media has
therefore become a platform for journalists or communication practitioner to present public
views on issues at stake. However, there have also been public outcry across some regions
precisely developing worlds of respective governmental authorities subjugating social media to
make prejudice publication on a matter of public debate (La Cour 2020; Xue et al.2020). The
proliferation of social media platforms and practice of democracy across the world has also
contribute to subjugation of some social media agents to present false public opinions on matter
through group sponsorships to distort reality. At this juncture, it is however imperative to
describe and understand public discourse and social media in solitude.
Public discourse is a dialogue from any government authority capable of changing
actions, opinions or attitudes of the general public (Xue et al.2020). It is a forum or public
medium that aid people to express their concerns and opinions in decision-making process
(Ruzaite 2018). In other word, it is a means of making sense of public affair. Kenski et al. (2019)
opined that public discourse is a key foundation for a democratic society and public policy
creation. For instance, in a pluralistic society like United States, United Kingdom, Nigeria
among others, public discourse is vital to the survival and sustenance of the societies. This is due
to the diverse cultural backgrounds of the populace with different perspectives (Plantin 2019;
Chidozie and Orji 2022). These nations’ population are made up of people from different ethnic,
spiritual and racial backgrounds which influence their opinions and beliefs. For example, free-
thinkers or young secular people will always argue in favour of same-sex marriage while
religious conservative people will vehemently against it. However, allowing people to live and
act at their free will cause chaos in the country.
Furthermore, Galston (2018) suggests that to avert nation from collapsing some social
expectations, laws and compromises are made to hold a nation together. Consequently, public

discourse becomes inevitable preventive measure. Also, one of the inherent features of public
discourse is the encouragement of public debate on any issue related to policy-making in
democratic government. Similarly, Prasser (2020) noted that people are influenced when
political office holders, legal analysts, politicians, general public and political experts debate on
policies or political issues. In a representative government, public discourse is a tool employed to
discuss, present issues and makes people’s voice being heard. Government therefore established
a compromise that meet all sides of the issue. Individual opinions can be changed or formed
through public discourse. Besides, public discourse is characterised by the creation of awareness
on issue of public interest among the entire populace. Public discourse has also been known for a
number of benefits in democratic society. For instance, in drafting a new piece of legislation to
be presented for a vote by government body. The initiator of the bill has in turn initiated a public
discourse to serve as a way of informing their constituents about the policy changes and details
embedded. In achieving this social media becomes an imperative tool (Gillespie, 2018).
Nikolopoulou et al. (2022) noted that social media is a vital medium of public discourse. As it is
a channelled through which public opinions, attitudes and expositions on decision-making
process or policies are expressed.
Social media is an interactive digital platform that enables creation and dissemination of
information, interests, ideas and other forms of expression virtually. It is a networked
communication channels that facilitate consumption, distribution and generation of all forms of
expressions associated with public opinions (Syahputra 2019). In another word, social media is a
technology-based platform that aids the distribution of information, thought and ideas through
virtual networks and communities (Sanjeev and Natrajan 2021.). It is an internet-based channel
that avail the users’ opportunity of rapid electronic communication of content like documents,
videos, photos and personal information. Social media are therefore used through a tablet,
smartphone or computer via various web-based software applications. The prevalence of social
media usage has made the term to be viewed and conceptualised as a form of applications and
websites that focus on content-sharing, collaboration, community-based input, and
communication (Sellers 2003; Kozinets 2019; Bantimaroudis 2021). Saraisky (2016) opined that
social media has becomes a useful tool to connect and foster interactions with family friends and
many communities. Furthermore, social media play a vital role in democratic or representative
societies owing to citizens’ participation (Milenkova, 2018). It has long been recognised as one

of the pillars of democracy due to its potential of not only reporting events around the world but
also establishing a public opinion about burning issues. The participation of people attributed to
democracy is facilitated by media (Jha and Kodila-Tedika 2020.).
The participation of people in democracy has now been changed owing to emergence of
social media. Contrary to traditional media, the accessibility of social media permits instant
updates and mass participation (Lindner and Aichholzer 2020). Consequently, social media has
culminated in overreliance of people on it to become aware of their surroundings and participate
in the deliberation of political, social and economic issues. This in turn strengthen or reinforce
the practice of democracy (Dahlgren 2018). With the advent of social media, political campaign
has not been limited to pasting of posters and physically rallies. Social media has become a
useful platform extensively utilised by political leaders and parties to communicate their agenda
to the general public. More importantly, the predominant of the internet usage enables various
political leaders and parties to communicate to voters across the communities or regions
simultaneously (Berenschot and Aspinall 2020). This practice has aroused the usage of social
networking sites such as WhatsApp, Twitter, and Facebook, as social media platform to organize
physical campaign, pronounce candidate running for elective post, mobilize voters, share the
party’s manifesto for election, the candidate message to the general public, recruit supporters,
seek funds and volunteers among others. For instance, former president of United State, Barack
Obama, is well known for harnessing social media as campaign strategy. Social media was used
as a platform to remind young voters who relied on Twitter while Facebook was used as an
interactive platform. Consequently, he was noted to significant lead in Twitter followers and
Facebook likes compare to his opponents.
However, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Social media is not only associated
with positive impacts on democracy but also with shortcomings. Sometimes social media
platforms go overboard for some political purposes. For instance, in the last presidential election
in US, numerous reports were posted on Facebook that Donald Trump violating pre-election
policies. Similarly, politicians sometimes use it as one-way communication tool for campaign
and inform people of new policies rather than as discussion tool with the citizens (Ekwueme and
Folarin 2018; Lewandowsky et al. 2020). Since public discourse denotes publications or
speeches made in quest for the public good. Social media and public discourse are greatly
entwined. Social media has led to the emergence of new forms of public discourse which has