Social Policy Health and Welfare

This document discusses the impact of social policy on health and welfare, specifically focusing on the issue of tobacco smoking. It explores various methods and effectiveness of health promotion strategies to reduce tobacco smoking, such as peer education, theatre in health promotion, media advocacy, community mobilization, social marketing, mass media campaigns, and setting-based approaches. The document provides insights into the importance of health promotion in reducing the prevalence of smoking-related diseases and deaths.

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Social Policy Health and Welfare
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Introduction and Background
Smoking of tobacco is considered as one of the ultimate factors that lead mortality worldwide
and responsible for over 5 million deaths every year. Over 1 million individuals worldwide are
addicted to smoking, where a number of them originate from the middle income earning states.
Nevertheless, the prevalence of smoking tends to vary massively between most states all over the
world. Other states are capable of declining tobacco smoking and tobacco-linked diseases and
deaths by introducing health preferment inventiveness and operational programs which are put in
place to deal with and eliminate the use of tobacco in their countries (Asarnow, Rozenman,
Wiblin,& Zeltzer, 2015, p. 934). On the other hand, in other states, the issue of tobacco smoking
has drastically developed over the last decades. Furthermore, considering the development of
body evidence in the challenge of tobacco usage to one’s health, most regulatory programs have
been put in place as health preferment activities. These policies consist of imposing taxes on
smoking, media advertisement campaigns by the public, implementation of teen education
programs, society enrollment, and motivational interrogation programs.
Smoking is categorized as a major communal health problem worldwide. This challenge has
presumed the aspect of a widespread which has resulted in a massive disability, health issues,
and decease. The usage of tobacco has led to over 5 million unnecessary fatalities annually all
over the world. Furthermore, the recent ratio shows that the amount of demises caused by
tobacco smoking is anticipated to have multiplied by the year 2020 Eldredge (2016). Smoking of
tobacco is not only harmful to one’s health but also leads to high and severe communal expenses
like reduction in productivity and health care affliction, increase in poverty levels among
families, and destruction of the environment Biglan et al. (2012, p. 257). Sufficient body of proof

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accessible to deduce fundamental link between smoking and muscle illnesses like coronary heart
illness, subclinical atherosclerosis, and heart attacks, respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and
lingering disruptive pulmonary illness, and lung cancer due to excessive smoking of tobacco.
Regardless of the vital health challenges incurred by tobacco smoking, a substantial number of
individuals all over the world endure smoking.
Health promotion is an essential factor in ensuring there is a reduction in developing an affliction
of chronic illness all over the world due to the smoking of tobacco. Wide-ranging and dynamic
cognizance of the public via the health promotion policies are the most important devices for
ensuring tobacco smoking and cessation are eliminated or minimized. Civic education is an
essential fragment of strives encountered when preventing the commencement of smoking use
and inspiring smoking cessation. Amplified health promotion struggles involving the harmful
health challenges encountered from tobacco smoking use may lead to higher ranks of awareness
involving the problems of smoking, and this may be seizure to increased resigned objectives and
consequent giving up amongst the smokers (Asarnow, Rozenman, Wiblin,& Zeltzer, 2015, p.
934). Through educating the tobacco smokers on smoking cessation approaches, health
practitioners can help and motivate the huge number of smokers who are ready to give up on
smoking.
Methods
Peer education
Peer education consists of distributing of facts and information in minor clusters or from one
individual to another through a peer coordinated either demographically or via dangerous

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characteristics to the objected residents or individuals. The hypothetical base of earl education
technique can predominantly be originated from an individual’s characteristic by connecting to
health, concept of participating education, Data, Incentive, Behavior abilities, and Resources
model and advancement concept (Barry, Clarke, Jenkins & Patel, 2013, p. 835).
Effectiveness
A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial (ASSIST) policy evaluated the efficiency of an earl-led
intercession which objected at preventing smoking acceptance in high schools. The research has
indicated that the ASSIST teaching policy was operative in the attainment of a constant lessening
in approval of consistent tobacco smoking among the teens for about three years after its
implementation and establishment Free et al. (2013, p. 457). Moreover, the program was well
acknowledged by both scholars and all the school employees from the teachers to the other
workers. Policies involving earl education ideal is meant to produce a drastic transformation of
about 8% in the smoking custom compared to the 2% conversion linked to other in the midst of
the South African high school scholars.
Theatre in health promotion
Instead of promoting individuals wellbeing, the theater is usually considered as an efficient
policy used in establishing alertness and broadcasts information linked to better health
conditions. The theater offers a motivating policy as the viewers who are fully involved and
promising the performer. The performer, who is essential to the intense tale, discovers the
selected subject as a connection between evidence and works of fiction (Barry, Clarke, Jenkins &
Patel, 2013, p. 835). The theater approach is based on drama concepts and societal, an

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intellectual concept that identifies the human character as an interface between the person
features, characteristic, and the background.
Effectiveness
Researchers in their survey alienated 24 primary schools into three sets, a cinema in teaching
involvement set, a learning institution-smoking rule interference set and a governing set. The
outcomes indicated that a feeble affirmative impact on the schoolboys but none of the girls in the
interference set was noticed. There was cinema produced known as 2 Smart 2 Smoke and
additional events indicated a substantial result concerning psychosocial peril aspects for smoking
amongst learners in grades 1–3 and grades 4–6. The ratio of learners who confirmed that they
quit smoking tobacco had progressed by almost 10% due to the play intercession Glanz, et al.
(2015, p. 789).
Media advocacy
Media advocacy refers to framing a challenge properly and activate that challenge by use of the
media as a policy. Data is dispersed via the media with an interpretation of altering the residents’
opinion or converse their understandings. Media advocacy requires being involved in the solid
ideologies of scheduling. Media advocacy policy used “GOTME” method: Goal, objective,
target, message, and evaluation (Hagger & Luszczynska, 2014, p. 40).
Effectiveness
Media advocacy was useful to most health promotion involvements, and it is mainly involved
with substantial changes in the environment and strategy. The program of reducing tobacco

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smoking with the help of efficient policies and working together linked with media advocacy and
the retailer was compensated with affirmative newsprint attention for amassing the teenager rules
for peddling tobacco related goods, though individuals who did not were listed and chastened.
The effect of the program was substantial on preventing tobacco smoking. Media advocacy was
used in assessing the effect of media advocacy strategies involving bulletin reports, strategy
alterations, and eradication of teenage smoking executed by the Florida Tobacco Control
Program Golden and Earp (2017, p. 368). This organization established a drastic reduction in the
amount of project-linked bulletin reports after the commencement of media advocacy
inventiveness; however the proportion of reports concerning learners striving to fight against
tobacco smoking relative to other subjects progressed.
Community mobilization
Community mobilization mostly targeted at persuading a transformation of usual cultural
customs from the usefulness of numerous complicated interferences to assist in increasing
consciousness of society members. This is implemented due to the teamwork, learning theater
and the involvement of other participants, sets and relations to assist in motivating and
transforming a change (Hagger & Luszczynska, 2014, p. 40). Community mobilization is
centered on three major theories: Social capital, empowerment, and social change.
Effectiveness
Logical research conducted by most researchers on society interference in reduction of the
pervasiveness of tobacco smoking indicates the efficiency of society-related health promotion
inventiveness. A promising product was recommended as an important adjustment involved in

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characteristic of tobacco smoking, being either inferior occurrence, condensed cigarette smoking
per capita or a rise in termination of tobacco smoking percentage (Hagger & Luszczynska, 2014,
p. 40). This organized appraisal settled that society health promotion approaches were more
operative as compared to other procedures of smoking inhibition. Community mobilization
strategies are crucial in the area of health promotion. Authorizing societies to execute
transformation in their common fields is not only more maintainable but still, is also
tremendously in effect.
Social marketing
Most researchers invented the word “social marketing” by using it in a critique assessing the
submission of viable marketing philosophies. The social marketing refers to an organized
presentation of ideologies and methods of marketing to establish, connect, and distribute
significance in order to impact the targeted individuals to gain certain social objectives, for a
better community. It is further defined as a social method which assists in creating a long-term
maintainable result upon the selections of individuals. Social marketing lures on and integrates
the importance and use of the social concept (Sallis, Owen & Fisher, 2015, p. 51).
Effectiveness
In spite of most issues, the proof involving the efficiency of social marketing interferences does
occur and is developing. The program 16 integrates social marketing technique in decreasing
both prohibited sales of tobacco and teenage tobacco smoking indicated an important result on
decreasing the smoking occurrence Khambalia et al. (2012, p. 257). The interference mainly
comprises of strategy and pretesting of new selling/detail resources and customer friendly

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cessation help and assistance. There was a substantial result of policy, and there was a 10-fold
growth in quitting smoking tobacco or coming up with a date for quitting smoking amongst
expectant females as related to neighboring primary-care beliefs which did not put on identical
social marketing method.
Mass media campaigns
Mass media campaigns are extensively put in use in exposing the residents to communications
via television, radio set, and the media. These movements have both progressive and deleterious
modifications in health-linked characteristics among the residents and are considered to be useful
methods used in identifying a problem and which offers a room for discussion Vaismoradi,
(2013, p. 402). The mass media campaign method established on the models of social impacts or
social education concepts.
Effectiveness
A claim was made suggesting that the mass media is predominantly suitable for providing
antismoking information to the teenagers as they are mostly involved in social media. In another
research, an effect linked between learning institution founded policies with mass media and
school linked interference alone, indicated a substantial result of joint intervention as linked to
learning institutions alone (Sallis, Owen & Fisher, 2015, p. 51). The consequences described in
all seven types of research inclined to be resulting information linking to a sub-sample of
members as compared on the basis of distribution to sets. Assessment of efficiency on the
foundation of information delivered by those members existing at follow-up is expected to be

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prejudiced. Mass media campaigns are supposed to be comprised as a major module of methods
used to improve the public health characteristic Durkin et al. (2012, p. 128).
Setting-based approach
The rise of the settings method has been credited to the Ottawa Charter's declaration that, “health
is established and survived by individuals who are around the settings of their day to day
lifestyle; where they study, perform their duties, play, and love.” Settings for health are referred
to as “the home for communal setting in which the individuals involved participate in their
everyday duties in which ecological structural and individual issues interrelate to have emotional
impact health and wellbeing.” A settings method is made upon the ideologies of health
promotion in a complete way, and as a procedure that permitted most people in up-surging
control over, and to advance their wellbeing situation (Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2015, p.
132).
Effectiveness
The place of work has latent as a setting via which the huge sets of individuals are able to be
reached to inspire the smoking cessation (Durlak et al, 2011). A survey carried out by
researchers’ claims that of 51 surveys covering 53 interferences, they discovered that about 38
surveys of workshop interference targeted at personal employees, covering set psychoanalysis,
personal therapy, self-assistance resources, nicotine auxiliary rehabilitation, and social help Chou
et al. (2013, p. 17). Set policies, personal counseling, and nicotine replacement psychoanalysis
augmented cessation level in relationship to no treatment or insignificant interference panels.
Self-assistance resources were said to be less operative. Here they also discovered 16 types of

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research challenging interferences which are practical in the workshop as a whole and discovered
the settings linked method to being more operative as compared to other intercessions
(Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2015, p. 132). However, the researchers lacked adequate proof
that all-inclusive projects abridged the occurrence of tobacco smoking activities. Inducement
systems amplified the efforts to eradicate smoking; however; there was less proof that they
amplified the ratio of definitely quitting smoking. They never succeeded in detecting an outcome
of comprehensive projects in decreasing the pervasiveness of smoking tobacco.
Analysis
Investigative aspect analysis with the use of major mechanisms technique and varimax
revolution was carried out on the 19 ‘boldness to inhaling tobacco’ products and distinctly on the
18 products gauging ‘attitudes to learning institutions.’ Products that cross‐loaded on more than a
few features were eradicated (Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2015, p. 132). Tobacco smoking has
widely used from grown-ups to teenagers all over the world. All countries should come together
with the World Health Organization in ensuring that they educate most individuals on the
dangers of smoking tobacco. By doing so, they are supposed to come up with social policies that
will be implemented in all countries such as peer education and mobilization of the community.
An analysis was carried out involving the challenges that may occur during the implementation
of these policies they include: assertiveness that most individuals have towards tobacco smoking
and their attitudes in the learning institutions as they are being educated about these policies.
Assertiveness involved in smoking. Two features gauging ‘professed benefits’ (10 products)
and ‘alleged losses (4 products) of tobacco smoking were approved at both pre‐ and post‐

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examination, preserving 14 of the initial 20 products. The aspects rated for a proportion of only
44% of the whole variance. Sampling competence was rated at 0.86, showing that factor analysis
was suitable Head, et al. (2013, p. 56).
Attitudes involved at learning institutions. For ‘attitudes to learning institution’ products, four
elements were approved at both pre‐ and post‐examination that involved 13 of the initial 17
products. The issues were construed as ‘healthy school’ (5 products), ‘assistance for protection
from sunlight’ (3 products), ‘leaners participation (three products) and ‘hurdles to smoking’ (2
products). They detailed about 59% of the entire variance; the Kaiser degree of test group
competence was 0.83 Mertens (2014, p. 69).
Recommendation and Conclusion
Health promotional involvements for deterrence and cessation of tobacco smoking are assumed
to contain a three-tiered method. Getting to the members of the public through social marketing
and mass media interferences, reaching the person by MI, teenage learning, at the same time as
impending the society through society deployment and altering the surrounding by media
encouragement and setting linked interference appears to be a tremendously operative approach
of persuading smoking deterrence and cessation Bonell et al. (2012, p. 2300). These approaches
include the philosophies of persuading change at a personal level, a transformation in societal
customs in the society and socio-political hard work to endorse the health of the residents in the
country. It can be further efficient to execute the interferences concentrating on communal
attitudinal and ecological variations before putting efforts on focusing on personal social change,
which is challenging to come up with (Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2015, p. 132). The basis for

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a variety of interventions can only be advanced with inventive methods to function with the
residents at various ranks. In the previous years, scholars have studied how to have the residents
involved and several investors in the advancement of operative and maintainable partnership for
health promotion. The residents’ ability to handle change and being ready are the major elements
which lead to effective health promotion exertions for preventing tobacco smoking and
cessation.
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