Analysis of Social Progress Index Data Set from 100 Countries

Business Modelling and Analysis (FIN60003)
Name:
Institution:
26th May 2018
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Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Analysis...........................................................................................................................................4
Descriptive Statistics....................................................................................................................4
Summary Statistics.......................................................................................................................4
Confidence intervals....................................................................................................................5
Water and Sanitation................................................................................................................6
Access to advanced education..................................................................................................6
Hypothesis Testing.......................................................................................................................7
Correlation and Regression........................................................................................................10
Scatter plot 1...........................................................................................................................10
Regression model...................................................................................................................11
Scatter plot 1...........................................................................................................................13
Regression model...................................................................................................................14
Conclusion and limitations............................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................17
Appendix........................................................................................................................................18
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Executive summary
The aim of this paper is to report on the analysis of data from 100 countries across the world.
Different statistical techniques were utilized to make concreate analysis of the presented data.
Results showed that the Women's average years in school is significantly higher among
American countries than African countries. Results also showed that no significant differences in
terms of traffic deaths between Asian and American countries.
Introduction
Margaret the CEO of a Human Capital Management company in Melbourne recently attended a
TED Talk in which Michael Green discussed the importance of the 2030 United Nation
Sustainable Development Goals. Michael presented challenges that countries around the world
would face to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals and elaborated on the importance of
the Social Progress Index in that process. Some of the questions tackled include; what are the
UN Sustainable Development Goals? And how we can make the world a better place by 2030?
After the seminar, Margaret decided to further study the importance of the Social Progress Index
and compare countries based on their performance at each sub category of this index. This study
therefore sought to answer the CEO’s concerns in relation to the Social Progress Index.
Data for this study refers to the 2017 Social Progress Index data set and it contains about 182
countries. The sections of the report include statistical analysis (descriptive statistics, confidence
intervals, correlation and regression) conclusion and limitations.
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Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
Most of the countries included in the study were countries in Africa (52%, n = 46). American
continent was represented by 26% (n = 23) while Asia had a 22% (n = 19) representation.
Summary Statistics
The average percent of people with access to improved sanitation facilities was found to be
58.73% with some countries having a 100% access to improved sanitation facilities and the
country with the lowest rate recording a mere 10.88% access to improved sanitation facilities. On
average, 21.99% of traffic deaths was recorded in the selected countries with some countries
recording as high as 73.4% while others recording as low as 3.60%. In terms of press freedom
index, an average index of 36.38% was recorded with the country with highest index score
scoring 83.92% and the lowest score being 11.10%.
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The selected countries emitted an average of 725.93 greenhouse emissions with some countries
emitting as high as 11031.69 while others emitting as low as 168.22.
Average corruption index stood at 36.45% with the highest index being 82% and the lowest
index being 14%. Women’s average years in school for the selected sample was found to be
8.12, however, some countries had an average of 15.68 while others had an average of 0.98.
Access to
improved
sanitation
facilities
Traffic
deaths
Press
Freedom
Index
Greenhous
e gas
emissions
Corrupti
on
Women's
average
years in
school
Mean 58.73 21.99 36.38 725.93 36.45 8.12
Standard Error 3.23 0.99 1.60 124.78 1.56 0.41
Median 61.24 23.50 31.99 523.15 34.00 8.65
Mode 100.00 24.10 57.89 #N/A 26.00 #N/A
Standard
Deviation
30.32 9.26 14.98 1170.52 14.65 3.88
Sample
Variance
919.57 85.73 224.26 1370115.07 214.69 15.05
Kurtosis -1.49 9.70 1.20 70.98 0.78 -0.93
Skewness -0.13 1.69 1.07 8.06 0.99 0.07
Range 89.12 69.80 72.82 10863.47 68.00 14.70
Minimum 10.88 3.60 11.10 168.22 14.00 0.98
Maximum 100.00 73.40 83.92 11031.69 82.00 15.68
Sum 5168.09 1935.00 3201.35 63881.82 3208.00 714.94
Count 88 88 88 88 88 88
Confidence intervals
In this section, we estimate the 95% confidence interval for the two variables (one under water
and sanitation while the other under Access to advanced education).
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Water and Sanitation
Under this we considered access to improved sanitation facilities. The 95% confidence
estimation is given as follows;
CI: x ± zα/ 2 SE
x=58.73, zα/ 2=1.96, SE=3.23
CI: x ± zα/ 2 SE →58.73 ± 1.96∗3.23
CI: 58.73 ± 6.3308
Lower bound: 58.73−6.3308=52.3992
Lower bound: 58.73+6.3308=65.0608
From the above calculations, we are 95% confident that the true mean of access to improved
sanitation facilities is between 52.3992 and 65.0608.
Access to advanced education
Under this we considered Women's average years in school. The 95% confidence estimation is
given as follows;
CI: x ± zα/ 2 SE
x=8.12, zα/ 2=1.96, SE=0.41
CI: x ± zα/ 2 SE → 8.12± 1.96∗0.41
CI: 8.12 ± 0.8036
Lower bound: 8.12−0.8036=7.3164
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