Psychological and Sociological Concepts in Patient Care

This document discusses the psychological and sociological concepts that aid in better understanding of service users in patient care. It explores concepts like feminism, functionalism, and interactionism and their impact on healthcare. The document also delves into the interrelationship between culture and concepts of disease and health. It provides insights into the interventions and approaches that can be utilized for positive behavior change.

Patient Profile
Information and history of patient:
Raj is 55 year old person, who is currently admitted into hospital in UK, due to
alcoholism. He loses his wife, lives in Kensington and working as lawyer. Raj drink alcohol
very much that is the reason which make them ill, he recently involved in car accident where
Raj lost his two children and wife. He face difficult situation in their life which affects on his
mental abilities and make him ill.
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Patient details and history:
Lucy is twenty four year women and has been currently hospitalized in hospital due
to overdosed on painkillers. She is single parent & living in deprived area in Blackpoll within
two-bedroom flat with her children one son, who is only four year old. She belongs to poor
family background and take behave unethical.
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Psychological and sociological concepts aid to develop better comprehend of service
users in both case studies with an example from work setting
Psychological and Sociological concept
Sociological concept is based three concepts such as functionalism, feminism and
interactionism.
Feminism, it is the range of political movements, social movements and ideologies
that share same goal to establish, define and gain political, personal, economic and social
equality of activity. It includes needs to establish professional and educational opportunities
for women that equal to those for men (Finke, 2018). Feminism concept is based on belief
that women and men should have the equal opportunities and rights to grow in their career
more. In accent time most of the women were close to domestic sphere and men are reserved
for public life, it will affect human behaviour the most. At this movement women are not
allowed to take part in any public activities, they need to work or perform under domestic
sphere which is one of the biggest barriers in human healthcare functions. Feminist
movement have campaigned and proceed to campaign for the rights of women's, in addition
right to vote, to work, to hold public office, to earn fair or equal wages or pay, to receive high
education, to have same rights within any relationship like marriage, to enter contracts and to
have maternity leave. Many years ago women were denied rights to study in which men still
had the rights to rule in public life. After the changes in social behaviour or culture women's
like to play their role in public life and prefer for conducting businesses without male person
(Hirsch and Keller, 2015). Feminists movement refers to the range of political campaign
which reforms on issues such as domestic violence, women's suffrage etc. they work a lot for
the rights of women's, feminists worked to assure access to have maternity leave and legal
abortions, they protect girls and women from sexual harassment, domestic violence, rape and
other activities that effect their health.
Functionalism concept refer functionalists believe that without shared beliefs and
values, collective conscience, accomplish social order is impossible. Social order is important
for well being of human and society. They trust that value accord forms basic desegregation
principles in society. Functionalism is concept of sociological according to which
communities and society consists of various but connected parts, each of that serves specific
purpose. It is the social sciences' concept based on assumption, that all aspect of society,
committee, institutions, norms etc, work together and serve services with the same purpose.
Without any interaction and collaboration individual will never grow in their lives as whole
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(Koss Hartmann, 2014). Individual or group of people in society will need to communicate
with another group of members which helps to increase their knowledge and skills. Without
any interactions' society will survive for longer term of period which negatively affect human
and well being of people. One nation or country does not have all the assets or resources to
grow or to become developing country, some extent they need support form another. With
the help of good collaboration and interaction one nation will be able to take helps form the
other ones which helps to grow more and more.
In sociological, interactionism the concept that derive social procedure from human
interaction. In is the concept of how people shape society and are shaped by it through
meaning that create in interaction. Interactionism defines the whole process of interactions
with another via symbols, voice etc (Denzin, 2016). social interaction is face to face
procedure that consist of activities, action, mutual adaption and reactions between two or
more people's. It also includes human interaction and animal interactions such as mating. The
process of interaction has been included all languages and mannerisms, the main goal of
interaction is to collaborate and communicate with another in society.
Psychological concept-
Psychological concept is used to provide the best model of understanding human
emotions, thoughts and behaviors. All the concepts has been proposed with the common
purpose to predict and explain different aspects of human behavior.
Development concept is one of the best concept, it provides appropriate frame work
for thinking about people growth, learning and human development. This concept defines
basic understanding of human development that is essential to grow. Development means
growth or improvement in human behavior in society. Development of individual person in
society is very important for well being of human (Rayton and Yalabik, 2014). It helps them
to survive in their lives and make people capable to perform well. People go through many
changes in their lives and learn something new or different which helps to grow professional
and personal development. Development concept is based on the growth and development or
improvement of human's throughout its lifespan. Individual experience many things which
make changes in their behavior, nature, emotions and intelligence. In development process
people learn things through observing another person reactions or actions. By learning and
understanding the thought or feeling of another, individual's learn unique or different
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activities in which they can use or adopt as development. For example, some people prefer to
watch the activities or actions of other person and then learn, rather than do.
Interrelationship between culture & concepts of disease and health relating to each case
study
Both patient and their families bring culture particular values and ideas that are linked
to concept of health, reporting symptoms and illness and prospect for how health service can
be delivered and beliefs concerning treatments and medication. Families with orthodox
culture beliefs that only female Doctors or health care specialist can give treatment to ladies.
It defines that culture of people is connected with the concept of health.
Diabetes is one of the disease that effect Raj live and make them ill more and more
before. On the other hand Lucy is facing Asthma disease which also impact on her live.
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Observational Record
Above concepts
used to consider
in care planning
Raj Lucy
Income By profession he is work as
lawyer and his income is
depended on his work.
She is working part-time as carer.
Social class Belongs to good family
background.
Belong to medial class family.
Education Lawyer Part time worker as care taker
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Ethnicity
Alcoholism group Alcoholism and smoker.
Gender
Male Female
Job roles
Working as lawyer Working part time as carer
Cultural
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influences Raj is drinking alcohol because
of his wife and children death.
As single parent Lucy is facing
many difficulties because society
beliefs that single parents can not
managed their lives.
Mental health
He is ill due to lost of his two
children and wife.
She is ill and disturb due to
taking care of her children as
being single-parent.
Stages of
development Drink a lot of alcohol Smoke a lot and take painkillers
more and more.
Personality
He is reluctant, refuses to take
help from family.
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Raj
Need of assessment Treatment/Who would be involved and their role
Health treatment needed
for mental & physical
health, including
medication and therapy
Physical health treatments including therapy and medication.
Nurses, medical staff and doctors involved in treatment.
Risks to own well-being
and safety & to the safety
of others
Avoid alcohol
Contribution required
when people finds
themselves in crisis
Appropriate health care treatments.
Any requirements health
care users may have as a
outcome of issues with
alcohol or drugs
(medication, treatment,
support)
They need to avoid drinking alcohol and spent time with
good social groups. Medication and staff support is one of the
best services that Raj can used.
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Carers and family related
issues included in list of
personal circumstances. Raj is upset and drink alcohol due to his wife and children's
death.
Financial
circumstances/needs He is not facing any financial circumstances.
Housing circumstances/
needs Raj need to take big flat more than before.
Employment and
education needs
Raj need to improve his knowledge and skills as lawyer.
Support services involved Provide appropriate health care treatment to him, according
to Raj disease.
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Lucy
Assessment of Need Treatment/Who would be involved and their role
Medical treatment
required for mental and
physical health, including
medication and therapy
Medical treatments is the best treatment for Lucy. Specialist
and nurse are involved in treatment.
Potential risks to own
wellbeing and safety and
to the safety of others
Avoid smoking.
Support required if
service user finds
themselves in crisis
If Lucy finds Asthma, doctors required to give her
appropriate treatment to control it.
Any needs service user
may have as a result of
problems with alcohol or
drugs (medication,
treatment, support)
Medication service is one of the facility that Lucy can used to
solve the problem.
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Personal circumstances
including family and
carers Working as single parents.
Financial
circumstances/needs As single parent Lucy is facing financial issues.
Housing circumstances/
needs
No
Employment and
education needs
She need to take any diploma which helps to make her live
easy.
Support services involved
Heath care staff provide medication services to her for better
health.
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Psychological methods and concepts that can be utilize while caring for service users to
make able positive behaviour change.
Interventions/approaches Raj - Rationale
Cognitive approach How does this encourage positive behaviour change?
It is one of the best approach that helps to change past
experience memory, this approach belied that person
behaviour is resolute by emotions and expectations. With
the help of this approach Raj Avoid alcohol and
overcome within bad memories.
How does this encourage positive behaviour change?
Cognitive approach encourage positive behaviour change,
it helps Raj to remove past experience memory and
encourage him to live health live style.
Outcomes/Review Cognitive approach helps Raj to overcome within its past
memories in which he try to live happly.
Interventions/approaches Lucy – Rationale
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Behavioural approach How does this encourage positive behaviour change?
Behavioural approach helps Lucy to overcome within
impact on Asthma, with the help of this approach she can
get the best outcomes.
How does this encourage positive behaviour change?
With the support of behavioural approach Lucy can avoid
smoking and spent time with good people because
external environment influence positive.
Outcomes/Review Behavioural approach brings positive outcomes as it helps
Lucy to make her health better than now.
Health care policy and its role
Gap closing: changes in the mental health situations
These policies play important role in deliver health care services to people, it refers
to plans, decisions and action that undertaken by health specialist to achieve specific health
well being goals within community (Paton, 2019).
Socio economic and rest are the factors that affect health care services the most.
Illness and the impact on healthcare provision
Illness is considered as disease or time of sickness that affect mind or body of person
very much. Illness impacts on health care provision, as Raj drink a lot of alcohol it affects on
health care provisions and also impact on his health and well being.
Mitigating approaches related to different sociological and psychological perspectives
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feminism is the sociological theory which can be improved in context of equality.
Psychological perspectives should improved by focusing on growth of individuals.
Evaluation of interventions/approaches
P5 ) There is significant relationship between culture and health of person. Many times
culture creates some thoughts in the mind of individual that affect their body to great extent.
For example in some culture having great diet is known as sign of healthiness. Hence people
eat so much and at last they have suffered from obesity and blood pressure kinds of medical
illness. Hence culture affects the health condition of person to great extent (Giordan, Francis
and Crea, 2018).
Enhancement on diversity of the nations brings wide range of opportunities and
challenges for health care providers and policy makers in terms to create and deliver
culturally competent services. To maintain the culture competency the organization should
work on creating great health care system and policies where individual health care be taken
care on priority.-
 To show respect towards other culture people.
 To improvise the ability to connect with target community.
 By enhancement of the involvement and participation of members of other cultural
groups.
 The cultural awareness must be granted.
Compare therapy
P7)
This Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy theory concentrates on treatments that mainly
takes hands on, practical approach over the problem solving (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy:
Proven Effectiveness, 2011). Therefore, main aim is to have changes in patterns of thinking
or behaviour that are behind the peoples difficulties. It is the most widely used therapy in
terms to have reduction for anxiety and disorders. However, research has shown that to be
effective in the treatment of panic disorders, social anxiety disorders are the condition that
can be treated effective with use of this theory.
On other hand humanistic approach explains that person needs to feel good hence
psychologists emphases more on things that can make person feel good. Whereas
behavioural approach is far different from humanistic approach because humanistic therapy
emphases on individual empowerment only.
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In order to changing the behaviour of services users, professionals have to use of theory of
planned behaviour. Hence, the key component to this model is as behavioural intent and
behaviour intention that influenced by the attitudes and the subjective evaluation of the risk
and benefits that outcome. Therefore, the theory of planned behaviour is mainly composed of
following six constructs as-
 Attitude- It defined as aspect in which person has favourable and unfavourable
behavioural of evaluation.
 Behavioural intentions- It is kind of motivational factor that influences the behaviour
of the individuals.
 Subjective norms- it defined as that whether the most of the individuals approve and
disapprove the behaviours (Holt-Lunstad, Robles and Sbarra, 2017).
 Social norms- This is term those emphases on customary codes of behaviour in the
group, people and larger cultural extent.
 Perceived power- It is the factor that may facilitates and impede the behaviour of
individual.
Hence, theory is more effective than planned behaviour theory as it aids to get overcome with
the anxiety, fear and depression. It aids to develop the behaviour of person in positive manner
(Paton, 2019).
Impact of intervention
If medical staff understand Raj beliefs and its issues they give treatment according to
it which is very beneficial for Raj health. With the help to communication health care service
provider improve health and well-being of Raj more than before.
if she takes right treatment and care via staff, she feels better and improved her health
more and more as compare to before.
P6) Example.
Raj and Lucy.
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impact of prejudice
The prejudice makes the victim feel less than fully human. Under this, people ate
undervalues by others, their self esteem suffers at high level and they stop trying improve
themselves. Hence, it can even lead to bullying and other forms of discrimination. If the
patients are being discriminated against the significant negative consequences. Therefore,
people feel undervalued by others, self esteem tends to get suffered, self esteem can be
several impacted as a result of discrimination. It is term that creates the atmosphere of fear
and can also lead the person to take their life.
Effectiveness of discrimination on different population-
Prejudice has harmful impact over society and that enables to individual treated
unfairly due to race, gender, age, ethnic group and religion. However, results in anxiety, etc..
Thus, people who have experienced intolerance and prejudice are at the increased risk of
developing negative coping strategies.
Own care planning
Medical staff provides Raj good treatment according to his illness, they need to take
plan on the bases of their medical disease and then start treating Him which is worthwhile for
Raj health.
Lucy has start to develop Asthma symptoms which affect her life and make her ill
more. It is helpful to get good treatment so that she can control Asthma disease and avoid
smoking and drinking.
psychological and sociological concepts
Feminism, , interactionism concepts is very effective because it helps to improve and
develop living standards of person. It helps to grow its professional and personal career.
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References
Giordan, G., Francis, L.J. and Crea, G., 2018. The persistence of spiritual experience among
churchgoing and non-churchgoing Italians: sociological and psychological
perspectives. Journal of Contemporary Religion. 33(3). pp.447-465.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T.F. and Sbarra, D.A., 2017. Advancing social connection as a
public health priority in the United States. American Psychologist. 72(6). pp.517.
Paton, D., 2019. Disaster risk reduction: Psychological perspectives on
preparedness. Australian journal of psychology. 71(4). pp.327-341.
Online
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Proven Effectiveness. 2011. [Online] Available
through:<https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/anxiety-files/201111/cognitive-
behavioral-therapy-proven-effectiveness>.
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