Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning and Ladder of Citizen Participation
VerifiedAI Summary
This document discusses the problems of social policy mainly the planning problems. The authors further identified that some problems cannot be solved by basic and traditional approaches. These particular problems were tagged as ‘wicked problems.’ Arnstein has created a ladder of citizen participation in order to explain the effect it holds. The ‘ladder’ demonstrates several levels and further illustrated the extent of citizen participation.