How to Write the Abstract for a Sociology Paper

Sociology

Abstract:-
Department of Energy of the United-States (U.S) has released the latest Annual
Market Report on the Wind Technology, which shows the performance, growth and
cost of the wind energy. DOE (Department of energy) found that wind energy in U.S.
is one of the most low-cost electricity generation technology. In future, the cost of
the wind energy is expected to be half of the cost of natural gas power plants. After
competing from both solar energy and natural gas, the wind industry has pushed
into the market to achieve the low price and high performance (Wagner, 2018).
Bigger turbines had developed to maximize the optimal wind speed to enhance the
output efficiency. The main aim of this research is to estimate the utility of wind
turbine to determine the payback period. Payback is used for the cost estimation of
the wind turbines. This study measures the daily average speed of wind energy by
using Weibull probability distribution function. The parameters of the Weibull
function are calculated by the graphical method. Small scale wind turbine generator
of 5KW is suitable for the speed record of the turbine. The Weibull data derive wind
energy. These benefits lead to encourage investment in wind plant.

Introduction:-
Advancement in new technology of the wind plant is based on the old technology.
First successful attempt was done in 19th centaury to generate the electricity from
the wind mill. Today wind energy is the fastest growing source of energy in the
world. Rapid expansion in the wind energy requires advancements in the wind
technology. Wind energy is one of the most economical source of energy. Electricity
generated by the wind turbines provides a sustainable energy supply. Wind plant
installation requires less time for planning and construction as compared to the
other power projects. Projects of wind energy are more flexible to meet the demand
of customer because it can easily install in windy area. In recent years, technology
development brings the more reliable wind turbines as a result electricity produced
by the wind turbine is cost effective. In many places generation of electricity from
the wind turbine is cost effective (Wagner, 2015). It has lower impact on the climate
and the environment and reduces the dependency on fossil fuels. Wind power is
produced by the conversion of wind energy into electrical or mechanical energy
with the help of wind turbines. Wind power is extracted by turbines when blowing
wind strikes the moving blades and exerts the torque on the rotor. Power
transferred by the wind turbines depends on the wind speed and the size of rotor.
Small wind turbines have direct output current, direct drive generators, and long life
bearing and vane which are pointed towards direction of the wind. Larger turbines
have alternating current output, geared power trains which are actively pointed
towards the wind. When wind blows at a lower level then it impacts the market
price and all thermal plants. Currently, the market supply of wind power reduces
cost by more than 5% (Traber & Kemfert, 2011).
1. Wind energy Benefits:-

Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that reduces carbon footprint. It just
requires the
Infrastructure and equipment in the windy sites, so that power could be delivered to
the other area.
Wind does not produce any pollutants in the air (Hirth & Müller, 2016). Wind energy
is cost-saving because it’s a free source of energy. Small scale installations with low
utility bills are required to generate electricity from the wind power. Most windmills
and wind turbines requires minimal maintenance cost (Alte, 2020).
2. The cheapest source of electricity:-
Wind energy increases with the speed of the wind. After examining the
national trends, installed wind plants are inexpensive. For Example:- The U.S.
consumer pays an average of 12 percent KWh of electricity out of 100 percent. It
includes the cost of power generation, wires that delivers the power at home from the
generators and the cost of the utility business. In reality, electricity generation cost is
2-4 percents kWh. This cost is successfully competing with other sources of energy.
According to the Market Report of the “Wind Technology”, Wind energy
reduces the market rate of electricity. For long term use, wind energy large blocks
can be purchased, called as PPA (power purchase agreement).