Sociology for Health: Sociological Perspectives, Theories, and Impact of Social Inequalities on Wellbeing

This article discusses the sociology of health and wellbeing, including sociological perspectives and key theories. It also explores the impact of social inequalities on individuals and the determinants of health and wellbeing, such as employment, environment, education, community safety, housing, and financial security.

SOCIOLOGY
FOR
HEALTH

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Discuss sociological perspectives and key theories in relation to health and wellbeing.............3
Sociology theories and related to social inequalities, health and well-being..............................4
Discuss the impact of social inequalities on individuals and impact of three determinants on
wellbeing and health....................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The sociology for health, sociology of health, illness and wellness or health sociology
examines about the interaction between health and society. As field of study which defines
about the interested in all aspects of life, including some of their contemporary as well as
historical influences, that impact over the health and well-being. Health also states about the
complete well-being, mental, emotional, physical and emphasize about the importance of
being more than disease free and healthy body that depends upon the healthy environment
and stable mind. This presentation will examine about micro, macro and meso sociology
perspective a sociology theories and how they are related with social inequalities, health and
well-being. Along with this also examine impact of three wide determinants on health and
well-being.
MAIN BODY
Discuss sociological perspectives and key theories in relation to health and wellbeing
Sociological perspectives understanding the point of influence of people's backgrounds on
quality of their health and care. It involves the investigation of the issue on macro, meso and
micro. Sociological perspective is the way of seeing at society and individual behaviours on the
matter of sociology. This is studies human behaviour in a mass context, sociology helps learners
in understanding the impact of social factor upon the health and wellness of social groups and
individuals. The key theories in relation with health and well-being is health belief model, social
cognitive theory. The main factors which influence health and well-being are personal,
economic, environments and social.
Macro
Macro is a cover wider area or it covers whole society includes political, social and economic
factors. As world say macro means big picture it covers all countries as whole it includes
sociological methods and approaches that examine wider scale trends and patterns within the
whole social system, structure and population. This study looks on growth of economy by
looking on social changes and stability (Collins, 2021). For example, an individual want to know
about the stability of economy, so they can easily analysis get to know about standard of living,
countries GDP etc. Macro help in knowing population of countries so it helps them in framing
policy so it affected by all factor.

Meso
It is the study of meso or intermediate stratification and social forces such as gender, income,
geographically, age and organization. This level fall between macro and micro level such as
population size. It includes parts of society in form of group or organization. It provides
information of groups and organization which help in macro level (Musselin, 2021). Meso
environment are based on within a certain boundary, for example it provides a report of a
particular company. They provide information about particular group or organization so it helps
public on making decision on investment. This is lies between macro and micro, it is developing
measures helps in increasing social capital scale.
Micro
It is study to individual, includes individual income, how they balance their identities and roles.
Looks the small scale relation between individual, it deals with nature of human social
interaction and human behaviour based on narrow scale study. For example, helping people in
find health services, housing and social services (Turner, 2021). Micro perspective focus on
individual, rather than structure of society, in micro level individual imagine day to day work of
social employees. This is the third level or below from meso and micro. Symbolic interactionism
is a theory which focus on interaction between society and individual. Key issue of this area are
face to face interaction, human behaviour, agency, micro community, human context and human
relations etc. For society these all are important that is macro, meso and micro. They cover
society as whole where macro focus on social, political, economical factors, meso incudes small
groups, organization whereas micro focus on individual so all are play a major role in society.
Sociology theories and related to social inequalities, health and well-being
Labelling theory is an approach in the sociology of deviance that can have the focus on
various way through which the agents of social control attach the stigmatizing with particular
group, and the ways in which the change about their behaviour once labelled. Along with this
labelling theory is being associated with the work and reaction to sociological theories which
examined about the characteristic of deviants, rather than agencies which lead them for
controlling them. The central feature of labelling theory is being self-fulfilling prophecy in which
the labelled correspond in terms with delinquent behaviour. While it had been also criticized for
ignoring the capacity of the individual to resist the assuming and labelling for having automatic
process (Vanroelen, Julià and Aerden, 2021). This is also seems that premise about the labelling

theory once, that work with individual which have been labelled as deviants, and they face new
problems stemming from their reaction to themselves and some other with deviant label.
Moreover, this also keep the stems from the symbolic interactionism which believes about
the individual sense of self is being formed by their interaction and labels for ascribed to them by
other people. Labelling theory seems to be important with sociology poverty which bring out the
important approaches to understanding deviant and criminal behaviour. Deviance are not set of
characteristic for groups or individual but the process of interaction between the deviants and
non- deviants and the context with having interpreted. For poverty sociology this could apply
labels to people and creating the different categories of deviance and reinforce the society power
structure. The theory is being linked up with social inequalities through which they can easily
come to know about how they have to deals and lower class people and those who are from
minority groups are being more likely to be involved and when from the minority groups are
between intervention and accounting for the nature of the offence. In other words, society
dominant groups create and apply deviant labels to subordinate groups. This also seems to be
important for having the effective things and ensure them for having equalities towards any class
of people. The labelling theory states that the people come to the identify as well as behave in
the ways which reflects how other people labels them. This labelling theory is commonly related
to the sociology of the crime since of labelling the individual or someone unlawfully may result
in poor conduct (Zhao and et.al., 2021). This theory has very large impacts as this theory states
that the people who are labelled as the criminals by the society are much inspired by this and are
more likely to get engaged in such criminal activities because of this type of social labelling. The
social inequality is are faced when the society does not consider the people as the same and
discriminates. This promotes the negative impact on the lives and behaviour of the people as this
has been stated by the labelling theory of sociological.
The people social inequalities are increasing among the people and are discriminated as this has
highly influenced the behaviour of the people as they are labelled for such specific things. The
people who are of lower class are labelled as low class people and this affects the behaviour of
these people negatively.
Due to poverty an individual not fulfil their basic needs so it can affect health, inequality
create negative impact on society or the social class. Labelling theory focus on different way in
which social agent control stereotype to a small group. This theory is focus on how individual

come to be recognize as deviant while other theory is focus on why individual carry out deviant
acts.
Discuss the impact of social inequalities on individuals and impact of three determinants on
wellbeing and health
Inequality affects every individual of society, in simple’s words social inequality is
imbalance of rewards and opportunities between an individual, group regarding their status or
social position within the society. Factors that affect inequality are origin, gender, class, religion,
disability, age income status, social position and many more. Inequality have great impact on
economy as it affects GDP per capita, it increases health illness, rise illiteracy and crime rates,
political instability and many more social problems. Factors or determinants of health and
wellbeing are employment, environment, education, community safety, housing, financial
security (Amis and et.al., 2018). Inequality is not good for countries it affects countries growth.
Health and wellbeing is the maintaining and achievement of mental health and physical fitness.
Mainly there are five factor of wellbeing that is physical well-being, career wellbeing,
community wellbeing, financial wellbeing and social wellbeing. Determinants of health and
wellbeing are economy stability in United states one of the ten people is live in poverty, by this
many people not afford things such as foods, housing and health care. Social exclusion many
individuals feel socially eliminated by different reasons it can be poverty, mental instability, old
age or physical disability. Low education also causes poor health, low confidence and increase
stress another determinants is physical environment that is safe air, water, good workplace,
communities, safe houses and good health. Employment play a major role in health because
employment provide confidence, financial stability, give independence and protect against
mental and physical health problems. Wellbeing is positive result that is relevant for the people
and society because it tells that people live their lives in good manner and have great living
condition that is housing and employment. Inequality have bad impact on economy, society and
even individual this is due to weaker social relation between people which result in social and
health problems (Warwick-Booth, 2022). For reducing this it required transformative change
because it seen as richer become more rich and poor become more poorest for this they have to
frame policy or increase employment or wages which helps poor people to live their life in better

manner. Equality ensure that every people treated same, give respect and take respect they
deserve and it help sociality by having good standard of living. For this education is more
important if individual is well educated then they get job which help them in better life and
afford cost of living that is they full fill their needs and wants like food, house and child
education.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it had been seems that, Besides, this likewise keep the stems from the
emblematic interactions which accepts about the singular self-appreciation is being framed
by their collaboration and names for credited to them by others. Naming hypothesis is by all
accounts significant with human science destitution which draws out the significant ways to
deal with getting degenerate and poverty conduct.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Amis, J.M., and et.al., 2018. Inequality, institutions and organizations. Organization
Studies, 39(9), pp.1131-1152.
Collins, R., 2021. Jonathan Turner’s Macro-Micro-Meso Theory. Theoretical Sociology: The
Future of a Disciplinary Foundation. pp.129-143.
Musselin, C., 2021. University Governance in Meso and Macro Perspectives. Annual Review of
Sociology. 47. pp.305-325.
Turner, J., 2021. Randall Collins on Micro-Meso-Macro Theorizing. Theoretical Sociology: The
Future of a Disciplinary Foundation. pp.144-149
Vanroelen, C., Julià, M. and Aerden, K.V., 2021. Precarious Employment: An Overlooked
Determinant of Workers’ Health and Well-Being?. In Flexible Working Practices and
Approaches (pp. 231-255). Springer, Cham.
Warwick-Booth, L., 2022. Social inequality. Sage.
Zhao, S. and et.al., 2021. Growth mindset of socioeconomic status boosts subjective well-being:
A longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences. 168. p.110301.
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