Sociology of gender and sexuality

Sociology of gender and
sexuality

Table of Contents
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
PART 2............................................................................................................................................4
Qualitative........................................................................................................................................4
Article 1: Exploration of gender identify in young people who identify as neither male nor
female. (Qualitative)...................................................................................................................4
Article 2: An Introduction to gender...........................................................................................5
Article 3: Evidence of Gender patterns in Qualitative................................................................5
Quantitative......................................................................................................................................6
Article 1: Sociology of sexualities assessing the state of the field Quantitative.........................6
Article 2: Method for analysing Gender, ethnicity and migration Quantitative.........................7
Article 3: Research in gender and equality Quantitative............................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

PART 1
Writing plays an important role in any kind of article has to be written in a formal and
technical manner. There are different styles of academic writing that can be chosen by
individuals that wish to write about certain issues or topics. Descriptive writing is known to be
the most simple method of writing and is done for the purpose of providing facts or any relevant
information about a topic (Cai, 2017). This follows a pattern of identifying, reporting, recording,
summarising and defining. It is generally used for writing introductions, summaries or
conclusions. Analytical writing is a unique form of writing that which includes descriptive
writing, but there is a need of reorganising and arranging different facts or information that has
been collected. It requires more planning and brainstorming along with creating names for
categories. Various sections and paragraphs have to be created as well. There is analysis,
comparison, contrasting, relating and examination done, so that there is an analytical approach
towards it.
Persuasive writing is more complex as compared to analytical writing and includes of its
features. There is addition of points done as well and this is generally done when essays are
written. This writing is done from the researcher's point of view and data is searched in a
systematic manner. Writers make many interpretations or assumptions, so that they are able to
find reasons along with evidences to support their writing. There is reasoning for different
claims, with valid arguments (Hyland, 2014). Critical writing is the most famous and common
method that is used by students that conduct research and create projects while they study. It uses
most of the features of persuasive writing and includes the point of providing different views of
opinions. In this, critique, debate, disagreements and evaluations are done. There is an accurate
summarisation done and evidence from different perspectives are drawn as well.
Descriptive, analytical, persuasive and critical writing are important styles of academic
writing as they help in increasing and developing capabilities of a writer or student during their
learning years. It enables them understand which type of writing would be most suitable for their
projects and how they ca create a proper structure through planning (Bailey, 2014). Sociology of
gender can be described as meanings attached towards being a male or female and their influence
over personal identities. While sociology of sexuality is known to be the sexual attraction,
practices and identity, that does not align with gender. Sociology examines various aspects of
human elements and how society impact them (Lindsey, 2015). These are social identities that

are drawn from different relationships created by people. This examines types of genders and
sexuality within an area as well as their role within societies.
PART 2
Qualitative
Article 1: Exploration of gender identify in young people who identify as neither male nor
female. (Qualitative).
According to Boddington (2016) sexuality, sex and gender are frequently conflated with
each other and are assumed to be constant, rigid and binary. However, there are some people that
are also very concerned about their families and how their perspectives can change (Lindberg
and Maddow-Zimet, 2012). Sexuality defines to an individual capacity for sexual feelings and
attraction.
Sociology of gender and sexuality is a very famous element that has been studied for
many years. Gender is known as the differences is biological sex, also known as masculine or
feminine. This has been ascertained by understanding behavioural patterns of individuals and
helps in creating dominant roles or patriarchal systems of powers. While sexuality is defined as
the gender that an individual perceives to be. Regardless of the gender, an individual is able to
choose their sexuality (Wulff, Bernstein and Taylor, 2015). This is how society determines on
how they have to treat different persons. These include main categories of homosexuality and
heterosexuality. Recently, many countries have accepted the fact that people can have a say on
what type of sexuality they prefer and they believe that they are not born in it, but rather choose
what they want to be.
There are, however, some issues with regard to gender and sexuality within the field of
sociology. These include inequality amongst individuals that choose to have a different
preference of sexuality. Women, on the other hand have been treated with less equality and are
not given the rights that are deserved by them (The Sociology of Gender, 2018.). Sociology
believes that both men and women are equal parts in a society as they contribute as a whole.
While patriarchy believes that male individuals are more dominant and they can rule over
females. With regard to sexuality, not many people are really open to accepting different types of
genders and this is one major issues that sociology has to assess.

Article 2: An Introduction to gender.
According to An Introduction to gender, (2018) population has been surrounded by
gender lore from the time when people are very small. On the other hand, Gender is integrated
which generates action, beliefs, desires which happened naturally. It has been critically evaluated
that Sociology of gender and sexuality are said to be not biologically created, but rather
constructed by different social and cultural factors. There are some researchers that believe these
factors have many variations and multiple sexualities are present within the society. Gender has
been assessed by sociologists by the process of socialisation. It includes a variety of steps that
are done even before an individual has been born. It makes society create a mindset and
influence themselves as well as others (Söderlund and Madison, 2017). There is a great impact of
gender and sexuality within society, as an individual tends to present themselves according to the
norms and standards that have been set. There are many cultures that do no accept people that
have different preferences on sexuality.
There are some theories that have been created or used by sociologists with regard to
gender. Some of them include functionalist theories, in which men were given dominant roles
while women had to work towards benefiting the society. This was almost everyone's
perspectives within the society, as they treated gender with inequality by encouraging men to
make decisions regarding their families and work (Lindberg and Maddow-Zimet, 2012). This
theory is considered to be sexist and old while examined by new sociologists. They believe that
there are new evidences drawn from scientific research that supports different genders and
sexualities in different parts of the world. It is important for society to accept individuals, so that
there is a sense of peace and acceptance among people, which will enable them to properly
contribute towards the society.
Article 3: Evidence of Gender patterns in Qualitative
It has been observed that, comparatively woman are more over represented and man are
under represented. With the help of three theory it helps to express and make the long lasting
results on this topic information processing theory, separate vs. connected way of knowing and
social identity theory. It has been critically evaluated by another theory of sociology of gender
and sexuality is symbolic interactionist theory, in which studies are done on a small scale and it
is assessed how individuals interact with one another, based on their sexuality. It analyses how

genders behave and recognise each other while interacting. Conflict theory gives weight age
towards assumptions that are made with regard to gender and how men are more empowered
than women. This shows that there have been many criticisms when it comes to differences in
genders within the society (Simon and Daneback, 2013). There are many social structures that
have been created according to the patriarchal society that has been present for a long period of
time. Males have been given rights and powers, which are enjoyed by them since the beginning
of time.
Sociology of gender and sexuality studies that there are many instances in which men are
asked to play more dominant role in the society and women have to behave passive at all times.
These differences in gender create many issues for the new generation as people have become
more open about voicing their opinions (Chapter 1: an introduction to gender, 2018).
Individuals are now aware of the fact that genders are roles that have to be performed and they
are not born with it. It has been seen that young girls follow their mother's actions, that are done
according to the standards of society and this is done by young boys as well. They are easily
influenced by people around them and behave accordingly. Sociology studies show that there are
some norms that have been created so that people can adapt to them and contribute towards the
society.
Quantitative
Article 1: Sociology of sexualities assessing the state of the field Quantitative.
Many of the researchers had study on sexuality face several misconceptions (Sociology of
sexualities assessing the state of the field. 2012). It has been includes several issues and
challenges has involved regarding society discrimination etc. it has been found out many of the
researcher that people has pressurised to change their gender. They facing challenges of
balancing attention to the vulnerabilities. In order to critically evaluated by other (Chapter 1: an
introduction to gender, 2018) that, Sociology of gender analyses different aspects of society and
according to surveys that have been collected by sociologists, it has been seen that many
individuals have changed their sexuality once reaching a certain age. This shows that there are
many variances in the society and this has been increasing throughout the years. These elements
are very complex and sociology has to face many problems while learning about it. It has been
seen that people easily get influenced by others, which makes them choose or change their

sexuality (Chapter 1: an introduction to gender, 2018). Gender has been a hot topic for
sociologists since its discovery and they have collected information which shows that many
societies are not happy about the fact that people are not satisfied with their sexuality. They
believe that individuals have been created as they are supposed to and cannot simply change
their perspectives. There is a reason why genders have been made and are accepted by people
across societies.
The increase in mass media content and mainstream entertainment has caused an increase
in opinions of individuals and they get encouraged about the fact that sexuality can be chosen.
Due to this reason, some societies have become more open to these changes. There were also
some regions within countries, that accepted different types of sexualities during ancient times.
It has been observed through surveys that after the increase in such media content, people have
become more accepting and understanding when it comes to genders and sexuality. Sociologists
too, believe that the latest changes have caused variances in opinions, helped in increasing
awareness about the types of sexualities and giving people the freedom to be whoever they want.
Article 2: Method for analysing Gender, ethnicity and migration Quantitative
Quantitative research on sociology of gender and sexuality has shown that there are many
criticisms that have been received within the society, when it comes to such topics (Quantitative
Methods for Analysing Gender, Ethnicity and Migration, 2006). Gender is said to be the factor
that differentiates between 2 individuals based on their behaviour and understanding. The recent
changes create confusion within the society and makes it difficult for people to accept such
differences. Sociologists state that people can create more genders and sexualities, if they
continue to accept such things (Simon and Daneback, 2013). There are still some individuals that
want to keep 2 genders and help males in maintaining their dominance over society, as it has
been in the past years. They find it unacceptable that women are given privileges and rights
outside their homes.
There are many group differences that sociology has found during their study on gender
and sexuality. It shows that 21 out of 60 people are biased towards genders while the remaining
behave normally towards them. This shows that there has been many improvements within
societies as they have started to accept people that choose different sexualities. The factors that
influence this have shown to be culture and environment , in which people reside (Ridgeway and
Correll, 2004). They can heavily affect the mind set of individuals and their perspective about

genders and sexuality. Sociologists are able to understand such studies through different methods
of surveys. Therefore, it can be said that regardless of gender and sexuality, every individual can
equally contribute towards the society and they must be treated with respect, just like other
people.
Article 3: Research in gender and equality Quantitative
Coordination for gender research works to strengthen sociology according to author
gender theoretical perspective investigates the connection between gender and different
institutional cultures and field of research in order to understand the topic more adequately
(Research in gender and equality, 2013). It has been argued by (Sociology of Gender, 2018), The
cultural beliefs of gender play an important role in the field of sociology as many backgrounds
believe that women possess fewer capabilities and skills when it comes to important tasks that
have to be done. While men have been given the label of being more valuable for the society,
even though they are not as nice as females. Studies of sociology have also determined that
social relations also influence gender and sexuality of an individual. Society has divided genders
on the basis of behaviours and physical appearances of people. They create a stereotype through
which individuals are judged on particular elements and do not have the freedom to choose their
sexuality. Therefore, it is important for sociologist to analyse different aspects of gender and
sexuality, so that they are able to identify how each culture reacts to them. People, regardless of
their sexual orientation, must be treated with equality and respect, so that they are able to live a
healthy and happy life.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Cai, L.J., 2017. Students’ Perceptions of Academic Writing: A Needs Analysis of EAP in
China1. Asian-Focused ELT Research and Practice: Voices from the Far Edge. p.127.
Hyland, K., 2014. Activity and evaluation: Reporting practices in academic writing.
In Academic discourse (pp. 125-140). Routledge.
Lindberg, L.D. and Maddow-Zimet, I., 2012. Consequences of sex education on teen and young
adult sexual behaviors and outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health. 51(4). pp.332-338.
Lindsey, L.L., 2015. Gender roles: A sociological perspective. Routledge.
Ridgeway, C.L. and Correll, S.J., 2004. Unpacking the gender system: A theoretical perspective
on gender beliefs and social relations. Gender & society. 18(4). pp.510-531.
Simon, L. and Daneback, K., 2013. Adolescents’ use of the internet for sex education: A
thematic and critical review of the literature. International Journal of Sexual Health.
25(4). pp.305-319.
Söderlund, T. and Madison, G., 2017. Objectivity and realms of explanation in academic journal
articles concerning sex/gender: a comparison of Gender studies and the other social
sciences. Scientometrics. 112(2). pp.1093-1109.
Wulff, S., Bernstein, M. and Taylor, V., 2015. New theoretical directions from the study of
gender and sexuality movements. In The Oxford handbook of social movements.
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