Socialization and Feral Children
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This document discusses the concepts of socialization and feral children. It explores the different types of socialization, such as primary and secondary socialization, and the impact of agents of socialization, including family, education, peers, religion, media, and workplace. The document also examines the possibility of feral children being integrated into society through the socialization process. It provides examples of feral children who have successfully undergone socialization and highlights the communication abilities of feral children with animals. Additionally, the document discusses the phenomenon of differential socialization, where individuals are treated differently based on societal values and beliefs. It explores how gender stereotypes are perpetuated in Western society and the impact of self-fulfilling prophecies. Overall, this document provides a comprehensive overview of socialization and its various aspects.
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Sociology 1
Socialization
Socialization is actually a process of conveying rules, beliefs, attitude and beliefs to
group members. Socialization is also considered as the setup which offers platform on which
human acquire the required skills in order to prove them self as function part of the society.
Socialization is mainly of two types, one is primary socialization and other is secondary
socialization. Primary socialization usually connected with the initial stage of life as a child and
teenage (Malloy et al., 2019). It is also considered as the base for child development because it
improves their future. Primary socialization is connected with child learning, attitude, actions,
and morals which connects them with the social culture. It is always under the influence of
family and friends. Secondary socialization is mainly connected with the complete life process of
the individual right from child until the individual develops a new group in the society. It is also
connected with the procedure of learning behaviour when linked with small or larger social
group (Richards, 2015). In simple words, it can be said as behavioural pattern which is being
reinforced by the agents of socialization.
Agents of socialization are family, education, peers group, religion, media and workplace
and have great influence in the learning and development of the child. Family impact on the
child in the form of displaying them a role model by educating them related to morals and values
connected with life (Lumen, 2019). They also offer them a gender identity. Education plays a
very important role in learning and development in terms of setup norms, culture and procedures
in order to develop new skill and traits. Peers are considered as one of the most influential agents
because their impact is more as an individual spent more time with them. In addition to this,
religions also set up the base for the future believes in the minds of the individual so that they
can enhance their performance in society.
Feral children
Feral children belong to those types of human community which remains isolated from
rest of the world from their earlier childhood and therefore they do not have any experience
related to language as well as health aspects (Rollo, 2018). These sections of children lack a
basic sense of skills which is essential for becoming socialized. They feel difficulty in learning
Socialization
Socialization is actually a process of conveying rules, beliefs, attitude and beliefs to
group members. Socialization is also considered as the setup which offers platform on which
human acquire the required skills in order to prove them self as function part of the society.
Socialization is mainly of two types, one is primary socialization and other is secondary
socialization. Primary socialization usually connected with the initial stage of life as a child and
teenage (Malloy et al., 2019). It is also considered as the base for child development because it
improves their future. Primary socialization is connected with child learning, attitude, actions,
and morals which connects them with the social culture. It is always under the influence of
family and friends. Secondary socialization is mainly connected with the complete life process of
the individual right from child until the individual develops a new group in the society. It is also
connected with the procedure of learning behaviour when linked with small or larger social
group (Richards, 2015). In simple words, it can be said as behavioural pattern which is being
reinforced by the agents of socialization.
Agents of socialization are family, education, peers group, religion, media and workplace
and have great influence in the learning and development of the child. Family impact on the
child in the form of displaying them a role model by educating them related to morals and values
connected with life (Lumen, 2019). They also offer them a gender identity. Education plays a
very important role in learning and development in terms of setup norms, culture and procedures
in order to develop new skill and traits. Peers are considered as one of the most influential agents
because their impact is more as an individual spent more time with them. In addition to this,
religions also set up the base for the future believes in the minds of the individual so that they
can enhance their performance in society.
Feral children
Feral children belong to those types of human community which remains isolated from
rest of the world from their earlier childhood and therefore they do not have any experience
related to language as well as health aspects (Rollo, 2018). These sections of children lack a
basic sense of skills which is essential for becoming socialized. They feel difficulty in learning
Sociology 2
common human language and use their own symbol notations. They lack all kind of common
activities which are being found in the children which belong to the civilized community.
Yes, feral children can be made fit in socialization process if they are put in the
socialization process in an earlier age. This process is considered one of the most important parts
of human because it offers learning and development abilities. In this situation, feral children
will go through the number of process which will involve activities like behaviour, language and
basic manners (Winston & Chicot, 2016). It may be possible that they will feel difficulty in
learning in language because they have spent generation in wood and their learning abilities may
be a little bit weak. There was one famous case in which feral children had transformed into
social human being and was also offered tittle of Victor of Averyron. This kid came in contact
with the civilized community after spending 9 years in wood of southern French town which is
known as Aveyron in 1798. In start, they refused to contact with any human and try to show
violent behaviour (Florida and Bronze, 2015). Several years were spent on this boy and finally
learned the basic manners of taking bath, wear clothes and express what he feels with the help of
non-verbal signals in the form of sadness but was not able to learn language till he died.Yes,
feral children are able to communicate with the animal community in their environment. One
such incident happened with Sidi Mohamed which is also known as ostrich boy. It was an
amazing story in which he was adopted by a group of Ostrich which takes care of him and taught
many how to communicate with other animals (Andrei, 2018). He learned their facial expression
and on the base of which he replies in the same pattern which formed a communication between
them. He was very effective in connecting his all ostrich family member within the wood
environment.
Yes, there have been many cases in which feral children have gone through imitation and
were being rewarded and punished on the base of their behaviour. One such incident has
happened and was famous with Oxana the “dog girl name. In this case, Oxana was ignored by
her alcoholic family and was raised by dog for five years in which she was going through
imitation and was taught by dog related to their behaviour and has faced reward and punishment
on the base of her task such as eating raw meat and sleep on floors. Yes, feral children have
experienced secondary socialization in terms of human interaction because both human and
animals express their sadness and happiness through expression. Human interaction has offered
common human language and use their own symbol notations. They lack all kind of common
activities which are being found in the children which belong to the civilized community.
Yes, feral children can be made fit in socialization process if they are put in the
socialization process in an earlier age. This process is considered one of the most important parts
of human because it offers learning and development abilities. In this situation, feral children
will go through the number of process which will involve activities like behaviour, language and
basic manners (Winston & Chicot, 2016). It may be possible that they will feel difficulty in
learning in language because they have spent generation in wood and their learning abilities may
be a little bit weak. There was one famous case in which feral children had transformed into
social human being and was also offered tittle of Victor of Averyron. This kid came in contact
with the civilized community after spending 9 years in wood of southern French town which is
known as Aveyron in 1798. In start, they refused to contact with any human and try to show
violent behaviour (Florida and Bronze, 2015). Several years were spent on this boy and finally
learned the basic manners of taking bath, wear clothes and express what he feels with the help of
non-verbal signals in the form of sadness but was not able to learn language till he died.Yes,
feral children are able to communicate with the animal community in their environment. One
such incident happened with Sidi Mohamed which is also known as ostrich boy. It was an
amazing story in which he was adopted by a group of Ostrich which takes care of him and taught
many how to communicate with other animals (Andrei, 2018). He learned their facial expression
and on the base of which he replies in the same pattern which formed a communication between
them. He was very effective in connecting his all ostrich family member within the wood
environment.
Yes, there have been many cases in which feral children have gone through imitation and
were being rewarded and punished on the base of their behaviour. One such incident has
happened and was famous with Oxana the “dog girl name. In this case, Oxana was ignored by
her alcoholic family and was raised by dog for five years in which she was going through
imitation and was taught by dog related to their behaviour and has faced reward and punishment
on the base of her task such as eating raw meat and sleep on floors. Yes, feral children have
experienced secondary socialization in terms of human interaction because both human and
animals express their sadness and happiness through expression. Human interaction has offered
Sociology 3
them a natural platform which helps them to evolve on the base of basic fundamentals. In
addition to this, they have also learned traits and abilities which are essential for the survival of
the child in a new world of socialization. This social human interaction helped them to become
part of this civilized community.
Differential socialization
Differential socialization is considered as one of the most important acts in which people
are treated differently on the base of their societal values and believes which they are holding in
their adult community. It simply indicates that every society has specific norms which act on the
bases of gender difference in order to ensure multiple social factors remain stable (Vaidyanathan,
2011). This trend is followed in the form of family, education and even pressure from the
community. Every gender has given specific role beyond which they cannot think.
Education system in 1970, girl were seen as underperformance as compared to boys and
therefore were offered different education structure in order to increase their performance.
Separate class was given to them in order to develop a balanced between boy and girl
performance (Skelton, 2010). Girls usually study a traditional subject such as arts, history and so
on while boys prefer subjects like mathematics, science and something innovative. In 1988,
education management offered an open platform policy on which girls were given equal
opportunity to enhance their capabilities. Well off families usually socialize their children in by
introducing luxury need habits such as playing soccer, basketball and take parts in after-school
programs. In addition to this, parents put more effort into teaching them basic manner related to
the community and hygiene factors. While poor families socialize their children by sending them
to spend more time at home and often rise in very bad circumstances and pay less attention to
hygiene and other basic manners. Children are not motivated to take part in after-school
program.
Home environment is considered as one of the important factors which decides the
overall development of the children. If the home environment is positive then children will learn
quickly and if home environment is full of depression and stress then their learning capability
will decrease naturally (Tandon et al., 2010). Middle-class parents spend more time with their
children as compared to working class. This helps middle-class parents to develop a strong bond
them a natural platform which helps them to evolve on the base of basic fundamentals. In
addition to this, they have also learned traits and abilities which are essential for the survival of
the child in a new world of socialization. This social human interaction helped them to become
part of this civilized community.
Differential socialization
Differential socialization is considered as one of the most important acts in which people
are treated differently on the base of their societal values and believes which they are holding in
their adult community. It simply indicates that every society has specific norms which act on the
bases of gender difference in order to ensure multiple social factors remain stable (Vaidyanathan,
2011). This trend is followed in the form of family, education and even pressure from the
community. Every gender has given specific role beyond which they cannot think.
Education system in 1970, girl were seen as underperformance as compared to boys and
therefore were offered different education structure in order to increase their performance.
Separate class was given to them in order to develop a balanced between boy and girl
performance (Skelton, 2010). Girls usually study a traditional subject such as arts, history and so
on while boys prefer subjects like mathematics, science and something innovative. In 1988,
education management offered an open platform policy on which girls were given equal
opportunity to enhance their capabilities. Well off families usually socialize their children in by
introducing luxury need habits such as playing soccer, basketball and take parts in after-school
programs. In addition to this, parents put more effort into teaching them basic manner related to
the community and hygiene factors. While poor families socialize their children by sending them
to spend more time at home and often rise in very bad circumstances and pay less attention to
hygiene and other basic manners. Children are not motivated to take part in after-school
program.
Home environment is considered as one of the important factors which decides the
overall development of the children. If the home environment is positive then children will learn
quickly and if home environment is full of depression and stress then their learning capability
will decrease naturally (Tandon et al., 2010). Middle-class parents spend more time with their
children as compared to working class. This helps middle-class parents to develop a strong bond
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Sociology 4
with the children as compared to working-class parents who are busy in their professional life.
Upper-class parent offers children an active platform on which children will learn basic manners,
and then try to identify product and its particular use. In addition to this, they try to put them in a
community environment so that they understand the importance of socialization. This will help
them to learn how to develop relation connection between people. Further, the expectation of
upper-class parents is to that their children must develop a feel of independence in them in order
to improve their future.
Latino group has more expectation for their children in terms of education because this
group believes that education has the power to change the present situation of their family. They
continuously believe that their children will work for the improvement of the social situation on
the global level (Mena, 2011). In addition to this, this group also believes in right to equality
which can be only expressed through awareness and education is one of the most important
aspects. As per the study, it has been found that the group which is connected with the racial-
ethnic background is able to perform better as compared to others because it offers them a clear
path model and a trust full environment. In addition to this, it has been that parental education
and racial-ethnic background also impact this achievement. Children who belong to those groups
which have to continuously face discrimination on racial background in community, school, and
workplace are not able to perform better and are struggling for their performance (Umaña Taylor
et al., 2014). Ethnicity is connected with the racial-ethnic situation faced by the children and
therefore it plays a very important role in setup the educational base whether children must for
higher education or not
Gender stereotype
Western society is mainly known for gender equality in their culture. Western society
mainly consists of two patterns one is hyper-femininity and other is hyper-masculinity. Hyper-
femininity is considered as the hyperbole of stereotyped attitude that reflects feminine. It may
comprise of inert, simple, sexually inexpert, elegant and tolerant (Holland & Harpin, 2015).
While hyper-masculinity is considered as hyperbole of stereotyped attitude that reflects the
masculine. In addition to this, this perceives that they are in continuous competition with other
men and are trying to dominate feminine flow with the help of violent, experienced, sexually
expert, insensitive, determined and challenging.
with the children as compared to working-class parents who are busy in their professional life.
Upper-class parent offers children an active platform on which children will learn basic manners,
and then try to identify product and its particular use. In addition to this, they try to put them in a
community environment so that they understand the importance of socialization. This will help
them to learn how to develop relation connection between people. Further, the expectation of
upper-class parents is to that their children must develop a feel of independence in them in order
to improve their future.
Latino group has more expectation for their children in terms of education because this
group believes that education has the power to change the present situation of their family. They
continuously believe that their children will work for the improvement of the social situation on
the global level (Mena, 2011). In addition to this, this group also believes in right to equality
which can be only expressed through awareness and education is one of the most important
aspects. As per the study, it has been found that the group which is connected with the racial-
ethnic background is able to perform better as compared to others because it offers them a clear
path model and a trust full environment. In addition to this, it has been that parental education
and racial-ethnic background also impact this achievement. Children who belong to those groups
which have to continuously face discrimination on racial background in community, school, and
workplace are not able to perform better and are struggling for their performance (Umaña Taylor
et al., 2014). Ethnicity is connected with the racial-ethnic situation faced by the children and
therefore it plays a very important role in setup the educational base whether children must for
higher education or not
Gender stereotype
Western society is mainly known for gender equality in their culture. Western society
mainly consists of two patterns one is hyper-femininity and other is hyper-masculinity. Hyper-
femininity is considered as the hyperbole of stereotyped attitude that reflects feminine. It may
comprise of inert, simple, sexually inexpert, elegant and tolerant (Holland & Harpin, 2015).
While hyper-masculinity is considered as hyperbole of stereotyped attitude that reflects the
masculine. In addition to this, this perceives that they are in continuous competition with other
men and are trying to dominate feminine flow with the help of violent, experienced, sexually
expert, insensitive, determined and challenging.
Sociology 5
When parents are blessed with a new bay, one of the questions which arise is whether
baby is a boy or girl. From an earlier age, parents have this stereotype that boys are aggressive
and must be treated accordingly while girls are calm in nature and must be treated according. In
addition to this, parents are tried to over encourage their perception that girl likes playing with a
doll and boys like playing football (Endendijk et al., 2017). In western culture, girls are being
connected to masculinity as compared to boys because in this culture father tend to be more strict
than mother.
Self-fulfilling tips to different gender base stereotype because it has been seen that
traditional and non-traditional men do not feel position related to growing position of female and
often connect it with feminine. But when it comes to female they are always positive with
towards the position of the men and do not connect it with masculinity. According to social
learning, a child develops a role model on the base of gender at the start of their childhood
(Dolgopol, 2012). Gender-based behaviour is being reinforced in the children as per the model
displayed like girls are appreciated when they play in calm with their doll. As per Bandura,
social learning occurs in four parts which are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
In this boys and girls are encouraged to pay attention to their respected behaviour display. It
remains a continuous process until they start self-displaying their respected culture.
Western culture may have started dominating the world but still, there are various
cultures in which female and male are not treated equally. In fact, males are considered more
superior than females and are offered with more power. Ideas of gender in Samoa and
Afghanistan are very different from the western culture because they believe that if a family is
not having a girl which can take care of women duties then that family can raise a male which
can offer family both masculine and feminine genders characters in an exclusive way. Bacha
posh is another tradition which believes that male dominance is very important in Afghan society
and therefore if a family is not having male then they have to dress up their daughter as male in
order to remain sustained in the society (Menon & Vijayalakshmi, 2018). Both these behaviour
have no place in western culture. One of the best evidence related to the social construction of
gender pattern is Fa’afafine and Bacha Posh which is encouraging cross-dressing gender.
Another, evidence related to gender construction pattern is growing of hyper-femininity in
western culture.
When parents are blessed with a new bay, one of the questions which arise is whether
baby is a boy or girl. From an earlier age, parents have this stereotype that boys are aggressive
and must be treated accordingly while girls are calm in nature and must be treated according. In
addition to this, parents are tried to over encourage their perception that girl likes playing with a
doll and boys like playing football (Endendijk et al., 2017). In western culture, girls are being
connected to masculinity as compared to boys because in this culture father tend to be more strict
than mother.
Self-fulfilling tips to different gender base stereotype because it has been seen that
traditional and non-traditional men do not feel position related to growing position of female and
often connect it with feminine. But when it comes to female they are always positive with
towards the position of the men and do not connect it with masculinity. According to social
learning, a child develops a role model on the base of gender at the start of their childhood
(Dolgopol, 2012). Gender-based behaviour is being reinforced in the children as per the model
displayed like girls are appreciated when they play in calm with their doll. As per Bandura,
social learning occurs in four parts which are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
In this boys and girls are encouraged to pay attention to their respected behaviour display. It
remains a continuous process until they start self-displaying their respected culture.
Western culture may have started dominating the world but still, there are various
cultures in which female and male are not treated equally. In fact, males are considered more
superior than females and are offered with more power. Ideas of gender in Samoa and
Afghanistan are very different from the western culture because they believe that if a family is
not having a girl which can take care of women duties then that family can raise a male which
can offer family both masculine and feminine genders characters in an exclusive way. Bacha
posh is another tradition which believes that male dominance is very important in Afghan society
and therefore if a family is not having male then they have to dress up their daughter as male in
order to remain sustained in the society (Menon & Vijayalakshmi, 2018). Both these behaviour
have no place in western culture. One of the best evidence related to the social construction of
gender pattern is Fa’afafine and Bacha Posh which is encouraging cross-dressing gender.
Another, evidence related to gender construction pattern is growing of hyper-femininity in
western culture.
Sociology 6
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Sociology 7
References
Andrei, M. (2018). Feral Children: Mind Blowing Cases of Children Raised by Animals
[online]. Retrieved from: https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/feral-children/
Dolgopol, T. (2012). A role for the Rome Statute system in gender-focused reform of
criminal laws and procedures in the Pacific Islands. Australian Journal of Human
Rights, 18(2), 109-137.
Endendijk, J. J., Groeneveld, M. G., van der Pol, L. D., van Berkel, S. R., Hallers‐Haalboom,
E. T., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Mesman, J. (2017). Gender differences in child
aggression: Relations with gender‐differentiated parenting and parents’ gender‐role
stereotypes. Child development, 88(1), 299-316.
Florida,P., and Bronze,H. (2015). Feral children [online]. Retrieved from:
https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4567
Holland, S., & Harpin, J. (2015). Who is the ‘girly’girl? Tomboys, hyper-femininity and
gender. Journal of Gender Studies, 24(3), 293-309.
Lumen. (2019). Agents of socialization [online]. Retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/agents-of-socialization/
Malloy, L. C., Mugno, A. P., Waschbusch, D. A., Pelham, W. E., & Talwar, V. (2019).
Parents’ Attitudes about and Socialization of Honesty and Dishonesty in Typically-
Developing Children and Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Journal of Abnormal
Child Psychology, 47(2), 299-312.
Mena, J. A. (2011). Latino parent home-based practices that bolster student academic
persistence. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33(4), 490-506.
Menon, J. R., & Vijayalakshmi, P. P. (2018). Identity Crisis Among Afghan Girls as a result
of Bacha Posh Practice: A Cultural Study of Nadia Hashimi’s Novels The Pearl That Broke
Its Shell and One Half from the Eas. International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics, 119(15), 1917-1923.
Richards, K. A. R. (2015). Role socialization theory: The sociopolitical realities of teaching
physical education. European Physical Education Review, 21(3), 379-393.
Rollo, T. (2018). Feral children: Settler colonialism, progress, and the figure of the
child. Settler Colonial Studies, 8(1), 60-79.
Skelton, C. (2010). Gender and achievement: are girls the “success stories” of restructured
education systems?. Educational review, 62(2), 131-142.
References
Andrei, M. (2018). Feral Children: Mind Blowing Cases of Children Raised by Animals
[online]. Retrieved from: https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/feral-children/
Dolgopol, T. (2012). A role for the Rome Statute system in gender-focused reform of
criminal laws and procedures in the Pacific Islands. Australian Journal of Human
Rights, 18(2), 109-137.
Endendijk, J. J., Groeneveld, M. G., van der Pol, L. D., van Berkel, S. R., Hallers‐Haalboom,
E. T., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Mesman, J. (2017). Gender differences in child
aggression: Relations with gender‐differentiated parenting and parents’ gender‐role
stereotypes. Child development, 88(1), 299-316.
Florida,P., and Bronze,H. (2015). Feral children [online]. Retrieved from:
https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4567
Holland, S., & Harpin, J. (2015). Who is the ‘girly’girl? Tomboys, hyper-femininity and
gender. Journal of Gender Studies, 24(3), 293-309.
Lumen. (2019). Agents of socialization [online]. Retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/agents-of-socialization/
Malloy, L. C., Mugno, A. P., Waschbusch, D. A., Pelham, W. E., & Talwar, V. (2019).
Parents’ Attitudes about and Socialization of Honesty and Dishonesty in Typically-
Developing Children and Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Journal of Abnormal
Child Psychology, 47(2), 299-312.
Mena, J. A. (2011). Latino parent home-based practices that bolster student academic
persistence. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33(4), 490-506.
Menon, J. R., & Vijayalakshmi, P. P. (2018). Identity Crisis Among Afghan Girls as a result
of Bacha Posh Practice: A Cultural Study of Nadia Hashimi’s Novels The Pearl That Broke
Its Shell and One Half from the Eas. International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics, 119(15), 1917-1923.
Richards, K. A. R. (2015). Role socialization theory: The sociopolitical realities of teaching
physical education. European Physical Education Review, 21(3), 379-393.
Rollo, T. (2018). Feral children: Settler colonialism, progress, and the figure of the
child. Settler Colonial Studies, 8(1), 60-79.
Skelton, C. (2010). Gender and achievement: are girls the “success stories” of restructured
education systems?. Educational review, 62(2), 131-142.
Sociology 8
Tandon, P. S., Zhou, C., Sallis, J. F., Cain, K. L., Frank, L. D., & Saelens, B. E. (2012).
Home environment relationships with children’s physical activity, sedentary time, and screen
time by socioeconomic status. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical
Activity, 9(1), 88.
Umaña Taylor, A. J., Quintana, S. M., Lee, R. M., Cross Jr, W. E., Rivas Drake, D.,
Schwartz, S. J., & Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group. (2014). Ethnic
and racial identity during adolescence and into young adulthood: An integrated
conceptualization. Child development, 85(1), 21-39.
Vaidyanathan, B. (2011). Religious resources or differential returns? Early religious
socialization and declining attendance in emerging adulthood. Journal for the scientific study
of religion, 50(2), 366-387.
Winston, R., & Chicot, R. (2016). The importance of early bonding on the long-term mental
health and resilience of children. London journal of primary care, 8(1), 12-14.
Tandon, P. S., Zhou, C., Sallis, J. F., Cain, K. L., Frank, L. D., & Saelens, B. E. (2012).
Home environment relationships with children’s physical activity, sedentary time, and screen
time by socioeconomic status. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical
Activity, 9(1), 88.
Umaña Taylor, A. J., Quintana, S. M., Lee, R. M., Cross Jr, W. E., Rivas Drake, D.,
Schwartz, S. J., & Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group. (2014). Ethnic
and racial identity during adolescence and into young adulthood: An integrated
conceptualization. Child development, 85(1), 21-39.
Vaidyanathan, B. (2011). Religious resources or differential returns? Early religious
socialization and declining attendance in emerging adulthood. Journal for the scientific study
of religion, 50(2), 366-387.
Winston, R., & Chicot, R. (2016). The importance of early bonding on the long-term mental
health and resilience of children. London journal of primary care, 8(1), 12-14.
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