Construction of a Solar Energy System: Project Management

This paper discusses the construction of a solar energy system, including its importance in reducing the challenges of non-renewable energy sources. It includes a resource plan, estimation plan, and risk management plan, as well as a project status report.

Running head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project: Construction of a solar energy system
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Executive Summary
The current paper of research primarily reflects on the construction of a solar energy system.
Based on the discussion, it has been found that the utilization of different non-renewable
source of energy would be able to create numerous challenges. The issues based on resolving
the raised challenges would be extremely important to be dependent on the renewable sources
of energy. The paper elaborates the key performance indicator of the project. It is identified
that the solar energy system construction will get finished within 57 days within budget of
around $66,970, which will be approved before the initiation of the project. The paper also
illustrates the risks and challenges that are associated with project with proper risk mitigation
plan for resolving the project risks. Moreover, the paper provides change management details
as well as project status report.

2
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................2
2. Business Case.........................................................................................................................2
3. Project scope and objectives..................................................................................................2
4. KPI-Project delivery...............................................................................................................3
5. Risk identification, risk categorization, analysis and management.......................................4
6. Resource plan.....................................................................................................................7
7. Estimation plan.......................................................................................................................7
8. Communication plan............................................................................................................10
9. Project schedule...................................................................................................................12
9.1 Schedule with task list, summary tasks, predecessor linking and resource allocation.. 12
9.2 WBS...............................................................................................................................14
9.3 Gantt chart......................................................................................................................15
9.4 Network diagram............................................................................................................16
10. Monitoring and controlling strategy...................................................................................16
10.1 Milestone......................................................................................................................16
10.2 Baseline........................................................................................................................17
10.3 Critical path..................................................................................................................18
10.4 Float/slack....................................................................................................................19
10.5 Changes applied on schedule and cost.........................................................................21
10.6 Slack after changes.......................................................................................................22

3
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
10.7 Redrawn baseline.........................................................................................................24
11. Project status report............................................................................................................25
11.1 Project overview...........................................................................................................25
11.2 Task Overview.............................................................................................................26
11.3 Work overview.............................................................................................................26
11.4 Resource overview.......................................................................................................27
12. Change management details...............................................................................................27
13. Critical evaluation..............................................................................................................28
14. Reflection...........................................................................................................................28
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................30
List of figures and tables
Table 1: Risk identification, risk categorization, analysis and management.............................9
Table 2: Resource plan.............................................................................................................10
Table 3: Estimation plan..........................................................................................................13
Table 4: Communication plan..................................................................................................14
Table 5: Project schedule.........................................................................................................19
Figure 1: WBS..........................................................................................................................20
Figure 2: Gantt chart................................................................................................................21
Figure 3: Network diagram......................................................................................................22
Table 6: Project milestone........................................................................................................22
Figure 4: Project baseline.........................................................................................................23
Figure 5: Critical path..............................................................................................................24

4
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Table 7: Project slack...............................................................................................................26
Figure 6: Changes applied on schedule and cost.....................................................................27
Table 8: Project milestone........................................................................................................29
Figure 7: Changes applied redrawn baseline...........................................................................29
Figure 8: Project status.............................................................................................................30
Figure 9: Task overview...........................................................................................................31
Figure 10: Work overview.......................................................................................................31
Figure 12: Resource overview.................................................................................................32

5
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. Introduction
The paper mainly reflects on the “Construction of a solar energy system”. It has been
found that solar energy is considered as the cleanest and mostly available source of renewable
energy and thus the modern technology is harnessing it in number of ways for producing
light, electricity as well as for domestic and industrial application. The primary aim of the
report is to conduct a reflection on the construction of a solar energy system such that the use
of fossil fuels based on the electricity generation could be reduced. It has been found that
utilization of solar energy system not only helps in reducing the problems that occurs due to
the utilization of non-renewable sources of energy but also helps in eliminating unsafe as well
as unclean consequences of using conventional fossil fuels.
2. Business Case
It is found that non-renewable sources of energy are mainly utilized in order to
produce electricity for heating as well as cooking. However, it is identified that the use of
non- renewable energy can cause damage to the environment. For resolving the issue, it is
very much important to construct the solar energy system. The utilization of solar energy
system not only resolves the issues and challenges that occur due to the use of non-renewable
sources of energy but also assists in performing number of applications.
3. Project scope and objectives
In scope
The project scope mainly includes:
 Construction of solar energy system
 Placement of solar heating system
 Development of water storage tank

6
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Placement of solar cells, solar modules along with storage battery
 Completion of project within the appropriate budget and time
Out-scope
The project out-scope primarily includes:
 Information related with the suppliers of the organization are not given
 The facility of training to the workers will not be provided
The objectives of the project are listed below:
 To construct the solar energy system
 To resolve the challenges and issues that occur due to non -renewable sources of
energy
 To meet the electricity needs of the people by utilizing renewable sources of
energy
4. KPI-Project delivery
The key performance Indicator (KPI) of the project deliverables are generally
elaborated below:
Completion of project on expected budget and time: If the construction of solar
energy system would be completed according to the expected budget and time, then it could
be reflected that the project is properly performed.
Achieving the project objectives: If the objectives of the project are met then it can
be quite easy to analyze that the performance of the project is up to the mark.

7
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Percentage of work completed: The percentage of work completed can be
considered as one of the substantial, which helps in measuring the key performance of the
project.
5. Risk identification, risk categorization, analysis and management
The table that is provided below reflects on the risks, process of categorization as well
as mitigation of the risks as well as challenges.
I
D
Risk
Identificatio
n
Categorizatio
n
Analysis Impact Probabilit
y
Mitigation
plan
1. Schedule
slippage
Project risk Due to
improper
schedule
slippage,
the project
manager
will face
number of
issues and
challenges
in meeting
the
deadline of
the project.
High High It is very
much
necessary to
manage the
schedule
properly in
order to avoid
slippage in the
schedule.
2. Lack of Financial risk If the High High It is quite

8
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
budget budget of
the project
is not
sufficient
then it
generally
can cause
number of
financial
issues in
finishing
the project.
necessary to
manage the
resources of
the project
properly so
that the entire
project can be
met within the
budget that is
approved.
3. Improper
utilization of
inverter for
current
conversion
Technical risk As the
team
members
lacks
technical
knowledge
then face
challenges
in utilizing
the
inverter
quite
properly.
High High It is necessary
to hire skilled
as well as
knowledgeabl
e team
members so
that the
technical
activities of
the project can
be completed
successfully
on time.

9
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
4. Unskilled
team
members
Human
resource risk
As the
team
members
are not
skilled
they can
face
challenges
in
finishing
the project
within the
expected
budget and
time.
Mediu
m
Medium It is
necessary to
provide
proper facility
of training to
the team
members so
that they can
be able to
complete the
work of the
project quite
successfully.
5. Improper
management
Management
risk
If the
work of
the project
is not
managed
properly
then it can
be quite
challengin
g to finish
Mediu
m
Medium It is quite
necessary to
manage the
project
activities
successfully
so that the
entire project
can be
finished on

10
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
the project
on time.
time.
Table 1: Risk identification, risk categorization, analysis and management
(Source: Created by Author)
6. Resource plan
The resource plan of the project is provided below:
Resource Name Type Max. Units Std. Rate
Project manager Work 100% $ 40.00/hr
Project planner Work 100% $ 35.00/hr
Human resource manager Work 100% $ 30.00/hr
Financial manager Work 100% $ 30.00/hr
Quality analyst Work 100% $ 30.00/hr
Risk manager Work 100% $ 30.00/hr
Designer Work 100% $ 37.00/hr
Supervisor Work 100% $ 36.00/hr
Contractor Work 100% $ 38.00/hr
Sub-contractor Work 100% $ 38.00/hr
Worker Work 100% $ 28.00/hr
Construction manager Work 100% $ 39.00/hr
Materials Material $ 20,000.00
Additional cost Material $ 15,000.00
Table 2: Resource plan
(Source: Created by Author)
7. Estimation plan
The estimation plan for the project reflects that the solar system construction will be
completed within budget that is around $66,912. The table that is given below showcases the
amount of money that is required for finishing each of the project activities.

11
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
WBS Task Name Duration Resource Names Cost
0
Construction of solar energy
system
57 days $ 66,912.00
1 Project initiation phase 12 days $ 4,200.00
1.1
Developing the business case
for the entire project
3 days
Project manager,
Project planner
$ 1,800.00
1.2 Cost benefit analysis 2 days Financial manager $ 480.00
1.3 Development of charter 3 days Project manager $ 960.00
1.4
Recruitment of involved team
members
4 days
Human resource
manager
$ 960.00
1.5
Milestone 1: Completion of
project initiation phase
0 days $ 0.00
2 Project planning phase 11 days $ 8,040.00
2.1
Developing plan for the entire
project
4 days
Project manager,
Project planner
$ 2,400.00
2.2
Developing the financial plan
for the project
3 days Financial manager $ 720.00
2.3
Developing the resource
management plan
3 days
Human resource
manager
$ 720.00
2.4
Development of plan for
quality management
4 days Quality analyst $ 960.00
2.5
Development of plan for risk
management
3 days Risk manager $ 720.00
2.6 Development of a plan of
procurement
3 days Human resource
manager, Project
$ 1,560.00

12
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
planner
2.7 Acceptance plan for the project 3 days Project manager $ 960.00
2.8
Milestone 2: Completion of
planning phase of the project
0 days $ 0.00
3 Project designing phase 13 days $ 6,376.00
3.1
Development of design of
project
6 days Designer $ 1,776.00
3.2 Getting approval for the design 1 day Supervisor $ 288.00
3.3 Prototype development 7 days
Construction manager,
Contractor
$ 4,312.00
3.4
Milestone 3:Completion of
project designing phase
0 days $ 0.00
4 Project construction phase 15 days $ 45,536.00
4.1 Solar heating system 4 days
Contractor, Sub
contractor, Worker
$ 3,328.00
4.2
Water storage tank
development
3 days
Construction manager,
Sub contractor,
Additional cost [1]
$ 16,848.00
4.3 Regulator 3 days Worker $ 672.00
4.4
Placing solar cells, solar
module, panel as well as storgae
battery
5 days
Construction manager,
Contractor, Materials
[1]
$ 23,080.00
4.5
Converting current with the
help of inverter
3 days
Construction manager,
Worker
$ 1,608.00

13
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
4.6
Milestone 4: Completion of
construction phase
0 days $ 0.00
5 Closure phase 7 days $ 2,760.00
5.1 Reviewing the project 4 days Project manager $ 1,280.00
5.2 Sign off from the stakeholders 3 days Project planner $ 840.00
5.3 Project documentation 2 days Project manager $ 640.00
5.4
Milestone 5: Completion of
closure phase
0 days $ 0.00
Table 3: Estimation plan
(Source: Created by Author)
8. Communication plan
The communication plan for the project “construction of solar energy system” is
provided below:
Communication
type
Audiences Message Vehicle Frequency Responsible
Kick off
meeting
Project team
members
Objectives
as well as
goals of the
project are
discussed in
the kick off
meeting
Face to face Once Project
managers
Project team
meeting
The team
members
The project
team
Face to
face/ video
Whenever
necessary
Project team
leader

14
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
members
discuss
about the
challenges
and issues
that they are
facing while
undertaking
the project.
conference
Project status
report
Project
leaders
The project
leaders
inform
about the
status of the
project
performance
Email Monthly Project
manager
Monthly
progress report
Financial
manager
The
financial
manager
discusses
about the
budget that
is used for
finishing the
project.
Email/Video
conference
Monthly Project
manager

15
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Table 4: Communication plan
(Source: Created by Author)
9. Project schedule
9.1 Schedule with task list, summary tasks, predecessor linking and resource allocation.
The construction of solar energy system will be completed successfully by 21st
November 2018. It is identified that the below table would mostly reflect on the exact time
required based on the execution of activities involved within the project. Additionally, it is
found that the table also reflects on the predecessor linkage as well as resource allocation
within the project.
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names
0
Construction of
solar energy
system
57 days
Tue
04-
09-18
Wed
21-11-
18
1
Project
initiation phase
12 days
Tue
04-
09-18
Wed
19-09-
18
1.1
Developing the
business case for
the entire project
3 days
Tue
04-
09-18
Thu
06-09-
18
Project manager, Project
planner
1.2
Cost benefit
analysis
2 days
Fri
07-
09-18
Mon
10-09-
18
2 Financial manager
1.3 Development of 3 days Tue Thu 3 Project manager

16
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
charter
11-
09-18
13-09-
18
1.4
Recruitment of
team members
4 days
Fri
14-
09-18
Wed
19-09-
18
4 Human resource manager
1.5
Milestone 1:
Completion of
phase of project
initiation
0 days
Wed
19-
09-18
Wed
19-09-
18
5
2
Project planning
phase
11 days
Thu
20-
09-18
Thu
04-10-
18
2.1
Developing plan
for the entire
project
4 days
Thu
20-
09-18
Tue
25-09-
18
5
Project manager, Project
planner
2.2
Developing the
financial plan for
the project
3 days
Wed
26-
09-18
Fri 28-
09-18
8 Financial manager
2.3
Developing the
resource
management plan
3 days
Wed
26-
09-18
Fri 28-
09-18
8 Human resource manager
2.4
Development of
plan for managing
quality
4 days
Mon
01-
10-18
Thu
04-10-
18
9 Quality analyst
2.5 Developing the 3 days Mon Wed 9 Risk manager

17
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
plan for managing
risk
01-
10-18
03-10-
18
2.6
Development of
a plan of
procurement
3 days
Mon
01-
10-18
Wed
03-10-
18
10
Human resource manager,
Project planner
2.7
Acceptance plan
for the project
3 days
Mon
01-
10-18
Wed
03-10-
18
10 Project manager
2.8
Milestone 2:
Completion of
planning phase of
the project
0 days
Wed
03-
10-18
Wed
03-10-
18
14
3
Project designing
phase
13 days
Thu
04-
10-18
Mon
22-10-
18
3.1
Development of
design of project
6 days
Thu
04-
10-18
Thu
11-10-
18
14 Designer
3.2
Getting approval
for the design
1 day
Thu
04-
10-18
Thu
04-10-
18
14 Supervisor
3.3
Prototype
development
7 days
Fri
12-
10-18
Mon
22-10-
18
17
Construction manager,
Contractor

18
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
3.4
Milestone 3:
Completion of
project designing
phase
0 days
Mon
22-
10-18
Mon
22-10-
18
19
4
Project
construction
phase
15 days
Tue
23-
10-18
Mon
12-11-
18
4.1
Solar heating
system
4 days
Tue
23-
10-18
Fri 26-
10-18
19
Contractor, Sub contractor,
Worker
4.2
Water storage
tank development
3 days
Mon
29-
10-18
Wed
31-10-
18
22
Construction manager, Sub
contractor, Additional cost
[1]
4.3 Regulator 3 days
Mon
29-
10-18
Wed
31-10-
18
22 Worker
4.4
Placing solar
cells, solar
module, panel as
well as storage
battery
5 days
Thu
01-
11-18
Wed
07-11-
18
24
Construction manager,
Contractor, Materials [1]
4.5
Converting
current with the
help of inverter
3 days
Thu
08-
11-18
Mon
12-11-
18
25
Construction manager,
Worker
4.6 Milestone 4: 0 days Mon Mon 26

19
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Completion of
construction phase
12-
11-18
12-11-
18
5 Closure phase 7 days
Tue
13-
11-18
Wed
21-11-
18
5.1
Reviewing the
project
4 days
Tue
13-
11-18
Fri 16-
11-18
26 Project manager
5.2
Sign off from
the stakeholders
3 days
Mon
19-
11-18
Wed
21-11-
18
29 Project planner
5.3
Project
documentation
2 days
Mon
19-
11-18
Tue
20-11-
18
29 Project manager
5.4
Milestone 5:
Completion of
closure phase
0 days
Wed
21-
11-18
Wed
21-11-
18
30
Table 5: Project schedule
(Source: Created by Author)

20
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
9.2 WBS
Construction of solar
energy system
Project initiation phase
Developing the
business case for
the entire project
Cost benefit analysis
Development of
charter
Recruitment of team
members
Milestone
1:Completion of
project initiation
phase
Project planning phase
Developing plan for
the entire project
Developing the
financial plan for the
project
Developing the
resource
management plan
Development of plan
for managing quality
Developing the plan
for managing risk
Development of
procurement plan
Acceptance plan for
the project
Milestone 2:
Completion of
planning phase of
the project
Project designing phase
Development of
project design
Getting approval for
the design
Prototype
development
Milestone
3:Completion of
project designing
phase
Project construction
phase
Solar heating system
Water storage tank
development
Regulator
Placing solar cells,
solar module, panel
as well as storgae
battery
Converting current
with the help of
inverter
Milestone 4:
Completion of
construction phase
Closure phase
Reviewing the
project
Sign off from the
stakeholders
Project
documentation
Milestone 5:
Completion of
closure phase
Figure 1: WBS
(Source: Created by Author)

21
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
9.3 Gantt chart
Figure 2: Gantt chart
(Source: Created by Author)

22
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
9.4 Network diagram
Figure 3: Network diagram
(Source: Created by Author)
10. Monitoring and controlling strategy
10.1 Milestone
The milestone of the project is provided in the table below:
Milestone Completion date
Milestone 1: Completion of project initiation phase Wed 19-09-18
Milestone 2: Completion of planning phase Wed 03-10-18
Milestone 3: Completion of project designing phase Mon 22-10-18
Milestone 4: Completion of construction phase Mon 12-11-18
Milestone 5: Completion of closure phase Wed 21-11-18
Table 6: Project milestone
(Source: Created by Author)

23
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
10.2 Baseline
The figure that is provided below reflects on the baseline of the project.
Figure 4: Project baseline
(Source: Created by Author

24
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
10.3 Critical path
The figure that is provided below reflects on the critical path of the project.
Figure 5: Critical path
(Source: Created by Author)

25
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
10.4 Float/slack
The slack of the project activities is shown in the table that is given below:
Task Name Total Slack
Construction of solar energy system 0 days
Project initiation phase 0 days
Developing the business case for the entire project 0 days
Cost benefit analysis 0 days
Development of charter 0 days
Recruitment of team members 0 days
Milestone 1: Completion of project initiation phase 0 days
Project planning phase 0 days
Developing plan for the entire project 0 days
Developing the financial plan for the project 0 days
Developing the resource management plan 0 days
Development of plan for managing quality 0 days
Developing the plan for managing risk 0 days
Development of procurement plan 0 days
Acceptance plan for the project 0 days
Milestone 2: Completion of planning phase of the project 0 days
Project designing phase 22 days
Development of project design 0 days
Getting approval for the design 0 days
Prototype development 0 days

26
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Milestone 3: Completion of project designing phase 22 days
Project construction phase 0 days
Solar heating system 0 days
Water storage tank development 15 days
Regulator 0 days
Placing solar cells, solar module, panel as well as storage battery 0 days
Converting current with the help of inverter 0 days
Milestone 4: Completion of construction phase 7 days
Closure phase 0 days
Reviewing the project 0 days
Sign off from the stakeholders 0 days
Project documentation 1 day
Milestone 5: Completion of closure phase 0 days
Table 7: Project slack
(Source: Created by Author)

27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
10.5 Changes applied on schedule and cost
Figure 6: Changes applied on schedule and cost
(Source: Created by Author)
10.6 Slack after changes
The changes in slack after change in project cost and time is provided in the table
below:
Task Name Total Slack
Construction of solar energy system (after change) 0 days
Project initiation phase 54 days

28
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Developing the business case for the entire project 0 days
Cost benefit analysis 0 days
Development of charter 56 days
Recruitment of team members 0 days
Milestone 1: Completion of project initiation phase 0 days
Project planning phase 0 days
Developing plan for the entire project 0 days
Developing the financial plan for the project 0 days
Developing the resource management plan 0 days
Development of plan for managing quality 0 days
Developing the plan for managing risk 0 days
Development of procurement plan 0 days
Acceptance plan for the project 0 days
Milestone 2: Completion of planning phase of the project 0 days
Project designing phase 31 days
Development of project design 4 days
Getting approval for the design 0 days
Prototype development 0 days
Milestone 3: Completion of project designing phase 31 days
Project construction phase 0 days
Solar heating system 0 days
Water storage tank development 0 days
Regulator 0 days
Placing solar cells, solar module, panel as well as storage battery 0 days

29
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Converting current with the help of inverter 0 days
Milestone 4: Completion of construction phase 7 days
Closure phase 0 days
Reviewing the project 0 days
Sign off from the stakeholders 0 days
Project documentation 1 day
Milestone 5: Completion of closure phase 0 days
Table 8: Project milestone
(Source: Created by Author)
10.7 Redrawn baseline

30
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Figure 7: Changes applied redrawn baseline
(Source: Created by Author)
11. Project status report
11.1 Project overview
Figure 8: Project status
(Source: Created by Author)

31
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
The figure that is provided above generally reflects on the status of the project. The
figure showcases that the project of “solar energy system construction” is 62% complete and
it will be successfully get completed within the expected time. Moreover, the project status
report is generally is used for ensuring that the entire project is on track and it will get
completed on time.
11.2 Task Overview
Project initiation
phase
Planning phase Project designing
phase
Construction
phase
Closure phase
$ 0.00
$ 5,000.00
$ 10,000.00
$ 15,000.00
$ 20,000.00
$ 25,000.00
$ 30,000.00
$ 35,000.00
$ 40,000.00
$ 45,000.00
$ 50,000.00
Actual Cost Remaining Cost Baseline Cost
Figure 9: Task overview
(Source: Created by Author)
The above figure which is mainly provided above reflects on the task overview of the
project. It is found that it generally showcases the actual cost, remaining cost as well as the
baseline cost in the initiation, planning, execution as well as closure phase of the project. In
addition to this, it is reflected that construction phase and closure phase of the project are not
completed and thus the budget that is related to construction and closure are remaining.

32
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
11.3 Work overview
Project manager
Project planner
Human resource manager
Financial manager
Quality analyst
Risk manager
Designer
Supervisor
Contractor
Sub contractor
Worker
Construction manager
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
% Work Complete
Figure 10: Work overview
(Source: Created by Author)
The above figure reflects on the work overview of the project. It is found that with the
help of this figure, the work percentage that is completed by each of the involved project
stakeholders are shown which further shows the amount of work that is generally performed
by each of the stakeholders for achieving the objectives as well as goals of the project.

33
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
11.4 Resource overview
Project manager
Project planner
Human resource manager
Financial manager
Quality analyst
Risk manager
Designer
Supervisor
Contractor
Sub contractor
Worker
Construction manager
0 hrs
20 hrs
40 hrs
60 hrs
80 hrs
100 hrs
120 hrs
140 hrs
160 hrs
Actual Work Remaining Work Baseline Work
Figure 11: Resource overview
(Source: Created by Author)
The above figure reflects on the resource overview of the project. It is found that with
the help of this figure actual work that is performed by the workers in order to accomplish the
objectives of the project. However, it is found that the actual work which is reflected in
orange shows that the work that is required to be completed by the stakeholders who are
generally involved with the project work.
12. Change management details
The changes which are required within the project are generally elaborated below:
Changes in the project schedule: It is found that as it is quite difficult to manage the
project activities within the time that is assigned and therefore it is very much necessary to
extend the time that is generally required for finishing the project.

34
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Changes in the cost of the project: Due to extension in the project time, the budget
that is related with the activities of the project can also get increased and therefore it is
necessary to have more budget for finishing the project.
Providing training facility to the staffs: It is necessary to provide proper facility of
training so that the workers can be able to effectively work within the project.
13. Critical evaluation
It is found that the construction of solar energy system will be successful if proper
project management practices will be utilized by the project managers. According to
Hopkinson (2017), another key part of successful project management is quite clear about
which the team members are quite responsible for the various project components for making
the project quite easier as well as accountable. Selection of correct team and system also
plays a significant role in completing the entire project quite successfully as the skills and
experience of the team members generally benefit the project. It is stated by Cagliano,
Grimaldi and Rafele (2015) that establishment of clear communication with the team
members generally helps in communicating properly about the project. Moreover, the risks
that are mainly related with the project must be properly resolved successfully so that the
problems within the project does not occur. Additionally, it is quite vital to avoid the project
scope for keeping the project on track.
14. Reflection
From the entire project, I have analyzed that the construction of solar energy system
will get completed quite successfully within the expected time and budget if the project is
tracked effectively. It is analyzed that proper management of time and budget are quite
necessary to finish the project as per the objectives. In addition to this, I have analyzed that

35
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
following the scope while undertaking the project is quite necessary for avoiding the project
scope.
It is found that after reviewing the industry guest lecture, it is found that proper
project management is generally necessary in order to complete the project successfully. It is
found that while undertaking the project of building the airport at sea was considered to be
mind boggling which is generally called for the development of a new island within the south
china sea. It is found that while the project was conducted, there are some changes that are
identified suddenly. It is identified that after the first aircraft was landed, the passengers are
very much happy but suddenly they see wreaking havoc within the terminal of the passenger
terminal as the information system of the flight goes blank and then the gate of the aircraft
assignments gets tangled and therefore the passengers are delayed across the tarmac of the air
cargo related terminal. Furthermore, it is found that there are number of issues as well as
challenges that are mainly associated with the project. Earlier in the year 1993, it is found that
the plane overshot the entire runway that generally injuries 22 by killing two of the Norma’s
problem that are related with cargo being a port and only one runway which is considered as
one of the bottlenecks. However, now after the completion of the project, it is found that the
engineers generally face problems as well as issues in finding out proper way of downtown
across the Victoria harbour for the automobile tunnels that has already been built within the
harbour decades. In order to resolve the challenges, they generally added capacity but only
for the builders the design generally arises the stakes and now they need to built largest
double decker suspension bridge. Moreover, it is found that engineers generally worry that
the entire buildings can be ripped right off its entire foundation but it generally helps in
reliving the pressure from the winner by saving the entire enclosed structure of the building
that generally survives with minimal damage.

36
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
It could thus be concluded from the entire report that the construction of solar energy
system will be completed within the estimated time and budget. The report provides proper
information about the schedule, cost and resources of the project that are needed for
completing the project. Moreover, both communications and plan for managing the risk of
the project are generally developed. Additionally, the change management within the project
is discussed.

37
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Bibliography
Alias, Z., Zawawi, E.M.A., Yusof, K. and Aris, N.M., 2014. Determining critical success
factors of project management practice: A conceptual framework. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 153, pp.61-69.
Andersen, E.S., 2016. Do project managers have different perspectives on project
management?. International Journal of Project Management, 34(1), pp.58-65.
Badewi, A., 2016. The impact of project management (PM) and benefits management (BM)
practices on project success: Towards developing a project benefits governance
framework. International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), pp.761-778.
Batselier, J. and Vanhoucke, M., 2015. Evaluation of deterministic state-of-the-art forecasting
approaches for project duration based on earned value management. International Journal of
Project Management, 33(7), pp.1588-1596.
Binder, J., 2016. Global project management: communication, collaboration and
management across borders. Routledge.
Cagliano, A.C., Grimaldi, S. and Rafele, C., 2015. Choosing project risk management
techniques. A theoretical framework. Journal of Risk Research, 18(2), pp.232-248.
Chih, Y.Y. and Zwikael, O., 2015. Project benefit management: A conceptual framework of
target benefit formulation. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.352-362
Conforto, E.C., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L., Di Felippo, A. and Kamikawachi, D.S.L., 2016.
The agility construct on project management theory. International Journal of Project
Management, 34(4), pp.660-674.

38
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Conforto, E.C., Salum, F., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L. and de Almeida, L.F.M., 2014. Can
agile project management be adopted by industries other than software
development?. Project Management Journal, 45(3), pp.21-34.
Fernandes, G., Ward, S. and Araújo, M., 2015. Improving and embedding project
management practice in organisations—A qualitative study. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(5), pp.1052-1067.
Hopkinson, M., 2017. The project risk maturity model: Measuring and improving risk
management capability. Routledge.
Ika, L.A., 2015. Opening the black box of project management: Does World Bank project
supervision influence project impact?. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5),
pp.1111-1123.
Joslin, R. and Müller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology
and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(6), pp.1377-1392.
Kerzner, H., 2017. Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to
measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley & Sons.
Khan, A.S. and Rasheed, F., 2015. Human resource management practices and project
success, a moderating role of Islamic Work Ethics in Pakistani project-based
organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.435-445.
Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics
applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), pp.169-
179.

39
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Pollack, J. and Adler, D., 2015. Emergent trends and passing fads in project management
research: A scientometric analysis of changes in the field. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(1), pp.236-248.
Sánchez, M.A., 2015. Integrating sustainability issues into project management. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 96, pp.319-330.
Sears, S.K., Sears, G.A., Clough, R.H., Rounds, J.L. and Segner, R.O., 2015. Construction
project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Špundak, M., 2014. Mixed agile/traditional project management methodology–reality or
illusion?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, pp.939-948.
Todorović, M.L., Petrović, D.Č., Mihić, M.M., Obradović, V.L. and Bushuyev, S.D., 2015.
Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project
management. International Journal of Project Management, 33(4), pp.772-783.
Zheng, X., Le, Y., Chan, A.P., Hu, Y. and Li, Y., 2016. Review of the application of social
network analysis (SNA) in construction project management research. International journal
of project management, 34(7), pp.1214-1225.