Analysis of Solid Waste Management in the Composting Industry in India

This report comprehensively analyzes solid waste management within the Indian composting industry, focusing on the entire lifecycle from waste generation to disposal. It begins with an abstract outlining the goals of minimizing environmental impact through effective waste management practices. The report details the processes involved in solid waste management, including collection, transportation, and treatment, alongside an examination of life cycle inventory, waste materials, and potential emissions. A key aspect of the study is the life cycle impact assessment, identifying major issues and problems, leading to a discussion of targeted solutions. The report explores various technologies such as waste level sensors and AI recycling robots and assesses the feasibility of these solutions. The conclusion summarizes the findings and emphasizes the importance of optimized waste management strategies in the composting industry for environmental sustainability. The report utilizes a planning model to illustrate decision-making processes in solid waste management, highlighting the importance of preparation, evaluation, and modification in achieving desired outcomes. The report also includes an introduction, goals, scope, functional units, and references.

Solid waste management in composting
industry in India
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Abstract
Solid waste management is based on the technique for collecting, gathering and treating solid
wastes. It offering the solutions through recycling items and do not belong to trash, garbage.
The objective of solid waste management is to minimise or eliminate the significant impacts
of human health condition, waste materials. It supports to handle the economic development.
In this report, it has been examined the goals, scope of project and analysing that minimise
level of solid wastes through effective procedures, solutions. Considering life-cycle
assessment process in order to identify the impacts of harmful substances on the human.
Moreover, it has been concluded that indicate the environmental impacts at the time of solid
waste management process. To find the best appropriate solutions to eliminate a specific
problems or issues. Selecting the modern technologies in the context of solid waste
management process and always maintain or control the feasibility accordingly.
.
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Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................4
2. Goals & Scope........................................................................................................................4
2.1 Aim of the study...............................................................................................................4
2.2 System Boundary.............................................................................................................5
2.3 Functional Units...............................................................................................................5
3. Solid waste Management.......................................................................................................6
3.1 Processes of Solid waste management.............................................................................6
3.1.1 Preparing processing.....................................................................................................7
4. Life Cycle Inventory in Solid waste management.................................................................8
4.1 Waste materials................................................................................................................8
4.2 Solid by products & wastes..............................................................................................9
4.3 Emission...........................................................................................................................9
5. Life cycle impact assessment of Solid waste management..................................................10
5.1 Impacts the assessment..................................................................................................10
5.2 Definition of the main issue or problems.......................................................................11
6. Targeted solutions for Solid waste management in composting industry............................12
6.1 Selected Solid waste management technology solutions...............................................12
6.1.1 Waste level sensors.....................................................................................................12
6.1.2 AI recycling robots......................................................................................................13
6.2 Feasibility of the waste management solutions..............................................................13
6.3 Solid waste management................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................15
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1. Introduction
This report explores the concept of solid waste management in the composite industry
and identify the main factors related to the ecological, economic and social impacts. The
primary aim of study is to understand the solid waste management fundamental concept and
give more priorities of environmental condition. It will be addressed the significance of solid
waste management processes in composite industry.
However, analysing the economic advantages or benefits from solid waste
management and come with considerable cost effectiveness. The process of solid waste
management will be required to the showing a significant quantities in terms of chemicals,
energy and water. Different kind of chemicals are used in the manufacturing of good’s, which
has been covered wide range from salt. It is very expensive. Additionally, the composite
industry has produced harmful substances, solid waste materials. It is containing a high level
concentrations of in-organic based salts, using heavy metals. On the other hand, it exploring
the chemical substances in terms of air, an effective solution can be dangerous for staff
members. In some cases, the harmful chemicals may cause several health issues.
In this report, it will discuss the aim, scope of project and performing a detailed
analysis through life cycle assessment. It will help to determine the cause of major risks or
threats. But it will help to overcome the problems of solid waste management, implementing
a right solution. Furthermore, it will be conducting the feasibility analysis and select the best
option in the context of technical, environmental as well as economic level. Moreover, it will
concluded that identify the best results which are going to be interpreted. At last, it will find
the best goals and improve the quality of management in the composite industry regarding
solid waste materials.
2. Goals & Scope
2.1 Aim of the study
The aim of the study is to determine the life cycle in the context of solid waste
management and prioritize the environmental impacts of the life cycle process. On the basis
of results, it focuses on the most polluting areas or place which are affected because of solid
waste materials. Therefore, it can be used the suitable solutions in the solid management
process and provide the best quality of solutions (Al-Nawaiseh and et.al., 2021). Usually, it
should be considered an effective strategies in order to support the social, environmental,
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economic efficiency by preservation of raw materials. It is also eliminating the harmful solid
materials, and minimised the quantities, toxics wastes, emissions.
2.2 System Boundary
In this study, it has been demonstrated the product’s manufacturing in the composite
industry. It has been focused on the upstream boundary for consumer’s goods in the context
of solid waste management. In the composite industry, different kind of manufacturing
processes are performed which needs to be analysed in proper manner (Bigdeloo and et.al.,
2021). Usually, it targets to follow a life cycle systems for machinery, packaging,
constructions and energy. Analysing the level of waste materials which has been emitted at
certain point. The boundary should include the management & disposal of solid waste from
the manufacturing processes.
2.3 Functional Units
The functional unit refers to the storage of collected, gathered and unsorted solid waste
materials in the composite industry. Based on the estimation, it has been examined that
average neighbourhood of 1000 inhabitants, with generation of 1.47 kilogram. The functional
units within boundary can be divided into different phases:-
 Collection and transportation
 Thermal treatment processing
 Biological treatment
 Land filling
There are large collection of raw-materials can either be mixed bags or separated into
bins. Typically, it is collecting large amount of materials within mixed bags and widely
applied in the suitable methods. However, it is separated to collect or gather pre-requisite for
managing and controlling successful raw materials (Chia and et.al., 2022). Initially, it
represent the inputs, outputs to store, collect and transport the multiple stages of Solid waste
management. On the other hand, it has been used the method of thermal processing which are
combined with different elements.
As implementing different processes and identify suitable inputs such as chemical,
energy and water. At last, it will be generating an outputs such as finished solid materials like
leather, iron, and steel. Throughout this study, it consider that focused on thermal approach
because it helps to eliminate or remove waste materials with prior treatment process. All kind
of necessary data for inventory analysis have been performed from different sources.
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3. Solid waste Management
3.1 Processes of Solid waste management
The solid waste management process refers to the complete procedure for analysing
collection of data or information. In some cases, it is also collecting, treating and disposing of
solid waste materials in the composite industry. In the context of solid waste management
process, it has been focused on the different sources and then trying to perform disposal. The
process includes collection, treatment, and transportation analysis. It requires to be tracked,
monitored the overall performance of waste management process. But in some cases, it
depends on the strict regulations and guidelines which are followed in proper manner.
Collection of solid waste- In this process, it can be gathered or collected solid raw
materials and consider as one of the most complex. Typically, it includes gathering process of
raw materials from sources and transporting them to the right place (Chiarelotto, Restrepo
and Damaceno, 2021). If in case, the container is empty. But it may arise the possibilities
when it is unable to find the sources. The solid waste collection is one of the most
complicated process. It is not easy to gather and disposed in quickly. Usually, it would
require to separate the solid waste materials, and maintain distance between collection areas,
centre of disposal.
Separation & processing, transformation of solid waste (raw materials) - This kind of
process can be performed the different tasks but it needs to separate waste materials,
processing as well as transformation. It occurs due to the MRF (material recovery facilities).
This will help to balance coordination between wastes, materials separation, facilities to
convert the waste of solid materials.
The purpose of this process is to separate the reusable solid materials and then recycled as
much as possible. If in case, it will be using a specific materials and also directly separated
solid waste such as gal drums, wooden, leather and so on. On the other hand, using the solid
waste as raw materials in the composite industry like manufacturing. It has been followed the
process of re-manufacturing such as glass, paper and cardboard.
Transformation and transportation- this type of process is helping to perform all kind of
activities which are related to the transfer the solid wastes from one place to another. In
different ways, solid wastes are not directly identified from the sources so it is important to
use transformation, transportation facilities such as vehicles, loaders and truck. One of the
main reason for using these facilities means to establish a coordination between sources and
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MRF. Different factors are helping to use modern facilities and avoid the illegal activities
because of large amount of haul distance. To focus on the existence of low density in the
residential areas or places.
3.1.1 Preparing processing
Having known enough about the problem regarding solid wastes, focuses on the
objectives which may be setup strategy for achieving desirable goals or objectives. It is
important to identify the needs to change, required for selecting appropriate solutions. So, it
should be considered the preparation or alternative options in the solid waste management.
Emerging the alternatives and make an important decisions- usually, it has been
focused on the preparation so that it would select an effective planning process which has
accomplished a suitable objectives. Therefore, it helps to resolve issue of waste management
problems in different areas. Afterward, it has made a right decisions which are subjected to
sorts of influences and considered (Gadaleta and et.al., 2022). If in case, it has been
developing the solid waste management plans. Such kind of influential factors like social,
financial, legal, political and technology. Now, the demand of technical approach supports in
the decision-making. It is also specialised inter-disciplinary staff members. It continued to
play an important role in the supplying accurate information and performing evaluation of
planning model.
Figure: 1 Planning Model in solid waste management preparation
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In figure-1, it has been represented the planning model and different phases. These are
helping to make an important decision. Once, it has been completed the procedure and
implementing suitable recommendations, priorities that form as core of plan. At some point,
plan for solid waste management was emerged and needs to be implementing appropriate
strategies. It is continued process with handling complex process and executing a planned
proposal. If in case, it has been used the original plan for purpose of re-evaluation,
modification to accommodate changing conditions or situations. The evaluation as well as
modification will provide brief idea about new information and along with showing a proper
results. This can be possible by using planning model because it provide brief idea,
assumption on the solid waste management. In future, it is expected to find the best results or
outcomes.
Evaluation of preparation planning in the solid waste management process. It is an
essential aspect to follow different steps. Solid waste management plan has become
compatible with existing plans and considering an effective needs or requirements. Generally,
it supports in the decision-making process which helps to handle complex stages.
The preparation of plan will be extended on the basis of technical analysis,
exigencies, and political as well as administrative level. Different kind of solutions are
supporting the preparation, identifying the feasibility on the basis of various consideration
(Hazarika and Khwairakpam, 2022). Manufacturing companies are conducting an effective
plan and focused on gathering relevant information or data. At early stage, it has been
formulating the plan and continue through implementation of plan.
4. Life Cycle Inventory in Solid waste management
4.1 Waste materials
A solid waste is kind of materials that are discarded by composite industry at the time of
manufacturing. The raw material termed has become abandoned which means thrown away.
If it can be disposed, burned and recycled in proper manner. Solid wastes are becoming
consider as sand and cullet which are mixed with organic matrix. It is also obtained the
organic based composite materials. For example- Resin were epoxy, as one of the solid waste
materials, and also become hardening component. In some cases, it has been identified that
resin has made by hydrophobic. So, it is an essential aspect to make a preparation and
eliminating waste composite. As it is known as identified the presence of water, will be
reducing the level of mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important aspect to control or
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manage different particles distribution, it is necessary to achieve composite without any open
pores
4.2 Solid by products & wastes
In this section, it is focused on the solid wastes which is mainly consists of dusted curing
based salts, dry trimmings, buffing. During production, it will be generated high level of solid
waste materials and examined through life cycle approach. In some cases, it is all about the
1040 kilogram biodegradable, 183 kilogram is non-biodegradable. On the other hand, 95% of
hazardous can be identified at the process of finishing (Siles-Castellano and et.al., 2021). The
importance of preparation process which will be generating 83% of total amount of solid
waste. But it produces only 17% of solid materials. These are becoming high toxic substances
so that it is an essential aspect to follow a recycling process, applied suitable conditions for
purpose of disposal, or treatment.
In manufacturing plants, It has been generated the waste of by products and releasing
large amount of materials. It can be measured different solid waste materials such as ash, de-
sulfurization, slag and sulphur. These kind of solid wastes are generating because of
construction debris, commercial-based refuse and sludge from waste treatment plants. It is all
about the way in which comes from different areas or fields. That’s why, it is important to
perform different tasks in step by step manner. This will help to decrease the level of waste
materials.
4.3 Emission
The large amount of emissions from the solid wastes, which depends on the how raw-
materials can be treated. In some cases, solid waste material is related to the landfilled, some
kind of organic materials are applied and decomposes, produce harmful gases (Hazarika and
Khwairakpam, 2022). At the time of manufacturing, it has been produced the emission to air,
originate from finishing the various operations. At some point, it relates to the volatile
organic compounds which are emitted at the time of solvent. Furthermore, it varies the
different stages and uses a chemicals, solvents in the particular phases.
In additional, Air emissions can be originated from stacks, generator. It has been
conducting a process of solid waste materials. For example- emission of hydrogen sulphide,
ammonia gases. These kind of harmful gases are emitting at the time of different stages. It
may cause serious health crisis, hazards for employees. Unhealthy employees in the
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composite industry are becoming less productive, miss a chance and potentially developing
prices, costs related mistakes.
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5. Life cycle impact assessment of Solid waste management
5.1 Impacts the assessment
The generation of solid waste is becoming consider as natural consequence of human
life. It is all about the way to increase the solid wastes because of composite industry. It has
been rapidly increasing the unwanted materials which are directly affecting environmental
condition. Solid waste management is based on the complex process and multi-disciplinary
environmental problem that should be considered from social, technical and environmental
basis.
The impact of life cycle assessment in the context of solid waste management,
identifying the composition of solid waste materials. Usually, the presence situation has
become complex because of solid waste materials, needs to be identified the most
environmental friendly options such as recycling, composting, MRF and so on. These kind of
approaches are used in the life cycle assessment and examined its significant impacts.
Life cycle assessment is based on the process that helps to evaluate the environmental
burdens and associated with solid items. But the use of assessment process supports to find
the best solutions and perform different activities. Usually, the main aim is to identify and
quantify a particular energy, solid materials used and released wastes in the environment.
Whenever it assess that impact of particular energy and using a specific materials or maintain
an environmental condition in proper manner.
Rapidly, it has been measured the growth of population in different nations and
contribute to increase high production of solid waste materials. The composite industry can
bring an unpleasant or unhealthy environment. Life-cycle assessment is majorly impacts on
the environmental condition while implementing green concepts (Bigdeloo and et.al., 2021).
That’s why, it is necessary aspect to carry out the impact of life cycle assessment. It is
helping the manufacturers which take necessary steps towards green concept. Typically, it is
assessing their items on the basis of carbon output. The positive aspect of life-cycle
assessment is to evaluate a lot of environmental burdens. It associated with items, process and
performing different activities. It also supporting to determine, quantify the level of energy,
raw-materials used and also released the solid wastes. The importance of assessment means
that understand the actual demand of current situation in composite industry.
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Preparing processes have become performed a huge role in terms of acidification,
global warning. The process of solid waste management is the biggest causes of human
toxicity and depletion of abiotic. On the other hand, the solid waste management process is
significantly impacts in the consumption of energy and releasing the large amount of toxic
gases.
5.2 Definition of the main issue or problems
By using life-cycle assessment, it is focused on the uncertain issues or problems related to
the solid wastes. Therefore, it will be considered analytical framework which helps to
evaluate different environmental impacts. It associates with manufacturing goods & services
through life cycle. It has been rapidly growing the level of research, practices or approaches
aim to use assessment and emerging modern technologies (Bigdeloo and et.al., 2021). These
kind of techniques are reducing to the environmental impact of composite industry. On the
basis of evaluation, it has been identified the different issues or problems such as:-
 A lack of sufficient and poor qualified data or information
 Issues generating in the data scale
 Difficulties in the comparability
 Uncertainties’ and a lack of communication
Based on the evidence, it has been examined the main issues in the life-cycle assessment
for solid waste management. In the composite industry, it obvious thing to focus on the
recycling activities, problems concerning the management of hazardous waste. Usually, it has
been analysed that specific problems related to the disposal of solid waste materials. Still, it
exist and increased the level of attention.
In order to improve the performance of solid waste management or service. It should
be considered the municipalities, knowing the total prices, costs of components. Most
important aspect to gain more opportunities and make an effective plan for future
management. It has become obvious thing to increase the complex situation, still exist far
from level of satisfactory.
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