Solutions for Household Level Issues in Sambo, Kratie Province

This article discusses the solutions for household level issues in Sambo, Kratie Province including contaminated river water treatment, rainwater collection optimization, vegetable production through greenhouse farming, and reduction of chemical fertilizer demand through natural fertilizers. The article provides design details, considerations, and costs for each solution. The article also mentions the need for further research and training for effective implementation of the solutions.

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A Solution to Contaminated River Water at a Household Level in
Sambo, Kratie Province
Treatment of River Water Supply from total organic carbons (TOC)
Design Area: 1. Water Supply
River water supply treatment
The project aims to address the treatment of the water supply from the river through the use of
various techniques and chemicals in the removal of the contaminants. The mechanisms are among
them coagulation, ultrafiltration as well as ultraviolet disinfection all of which offer multiple barriers
for treatment for the elimination of organic
molecules and viruses (Armstrong, 2018).
Design
The water treatment system achieves the treatment
process through the use of processes including
coagulation, ultrafiltration and ultraviolet disinfection which offer numerous treatment barriers for
the elimination of organic molecules. Chloramines will be used in the provision of disinfection
residual when the treated water will be conveyed from the treatment plant to the areas of service to
offer additional disinfection barrier (Drain, Goodyer & Shekar, 2016). The design includes the various
physical components among them main treatment building, Geographical O & M buildings, storage
for waste water, clear well, Ponds for removing sediments, Beds for drying sediments. The design
will be used by the suppliers or distributors of water from the river who are among them the
authorities from the local government. The water from the river will be passed through the main
treatment building that is composed of the various equipment through which the contaminated
water will be passed to remove organic substances or molecules.
Considerati ons:
- Some of the design materials among them those used in the construction of the buildings
are sourced locally including timber. Others like the chemicals and other equipment needed
for the running of the operation are sourced externally from various suppliers
- The chemicals used in the process will need to be replaced periodically as they are
exhausted with time and continued use beyond the recommended time would yield
insignificant results (Goncher & Devitt, 2017).
- The total amount of the chemicals that would be suffice to treat all the water in the river
was not provided since the volume of the full river was not estimated
- More research should be conducted on the amount of total organic carbon (TOC) that is
present in the water so as to be able to determine the amount of chemicals that can be used
for the entire process.
Cost
- Materials: $100000
- Labour: $30000.
- Total Cost: $130000
Materials:
- 1000m3 of concrete
- 5000 ft. of steel

A solution to Optimization of Rainwater
Collection Systems - Supply, at a Household
Level in Sambo, Kratie Province
An Optimal Rainwater Collection System: Supply
Design Area: 1. Water Supply
Proposal
The aim of this project is to maximize the supply of water that is collected through rainwater
harvesting. Enhanced collection systems would be adopted that would see the quality of the supply
increased to close to maximum potential.
Design
The design begins with a research program that is
geared towards identifying the existing rainwater
collection systems, identifying their weaknesses,
strengths and making the most viable and relevant
recommendations on the modalities of maximizing
the collection (Gudenkauf et al., 2015). Larger
capacity water collection a storage tanks are installed
in every household depending on the number of
occupants of the dwelling unit. For the households
that have significantly large capacity tanks buts still do not optimize the collection process,
investigations are made into the existing systems including the positioning as well as the location of
the gutters, their size and length. Longer and larger/ wider gutters ensure maximum water
collection. The storage tanks are checked for any possible leakages that may lead to loss of the
already collected water (Hill, 2016).
Optimization of the supply of the collection of rainwater comes with numerous benefits including;
A reduction in the demand of the conventional supply of water systems through supplementing
rainwater for the demands which do not call for water of high quality
Lowers or reduces the depletion of the water that is available in
the ground through a recharge of the surface run-off harvesting as
well as its preservation at greater levels and quality, reducing the
stress on water during droughts and improving the importance of
all the life forms
Lowers the energy consumption of the energy as well as losses if
water during the treatment process and distribution of the
reticulated water (Inchbold & Goldsmith, 2017)
Minimizes invasion of conflict of the village sources of water to
meet the demands of the urban areas through attaining the
demands proximate to the point of harvesting
Enhanced security of domestic water through lowering unproductive labor, risks and time that are
mainly experienced by women as well as children in fetching water from long distances and

enhanced access to safer water for most of the marginalized areas (Moalosi, Molokwane &
Mothibedi, 2017)
Considerations
- The cost of conducting the research on the state
of the rainwater collection systems is not
incorporated.
- Quality time is required for the installation of the larger capacity tanks, or conduct repairs on any
damaged parts of the rainwater collection systems.
- The gutters will need to checked and replaced over time as they were out owing to the
extremities in the weather condition. Still, the gutter should frequently be cleaned especially
those that are open to ensure removal of possible litter that may block the flow of the harvested
water or even pollute it making it unfit for consumption (Schmidt, Wray, Miller, Scott & Pope,
2017).
Cost
Materials: $5000
Labor: $1000
Total: $6000
A Solution to Low Production of Vegetables at a Household Level in
Sambo, Kratie Province
Improving the production of vegetables through greenhouse farming
Design Area: 4. Agricultural Systems
Producti on of Vegetable through Greenhouse
This project aims at enhancing the production of food, more specifically vegetables among
households to aid in meeting the food demands and
supplements the already existing demand through
the use of the technology of greenhouse farming.
Greenhouse farming offers the required conditions
which facilitate the high quality and quantity of farm
produce (Shekar & Drain, 2016).
Design
The initial stage of this project would involve offering education to the farmers on the farm
management practices that they would adopt in ensuring maximum yield. This awareness program
would see the famers endowed with the required skills and knowledge that would in turn make
them ready for implementing the design (Shekar & Tunnicliffe, 2017). The site for the erection of the
greenhouse is selected and the orientation made using the various guidelines on location of a
greenhouse site. The large diameter poles of wood are coated using bitumen and then wrapped
Materials:
- 5 plastic storage tanks (5000 litres
each)
- Gutters (15 meters long)

using the LDPE film with the aid of polypropylene sutli in a bid to prevent attack by termites.
Bamboo sticks are used in covering the surface area of the truss structure made by mans of
recommended Casuarina poles of various sizes. Trenches measuring 0.2 m by 0.2 m is dug along the
length of the trenches in which the soil is carefully thrown to the outside to enable it be used for the
purposes of burying the corners of the UV stabilized LDPE film. The LDPE film is wrapped around all
the poles that may come into contact with the UV stabilized LDPE film so as to establish the
exposure of any protruding points to the UV stabilized LDPE film which has the potential of causing
damage besides eliminating degradation of the film owing to resin migration from the poles of
wood. The film roll is wrapped on every joints of the pole that may come into close contact with the
UV stabilized LDPE film. The UV stabilized LDPE film is cladded over the greenhouse length (Siller,
Cook & Johnson, 2016.). A metal hook is fabricated and
two hooks are fixed on their entrance to be used in
resting the LDPE sheets that have been rolled.
Considerati ons:
- Some of the design materials among them those
used in the construction of the buildings are
sourced locally including timber. Others like the joining nails and other equipment needed
for the running of the operation are sourced externally from various suppliers
- The joints even though effectively protected will require constant checking and maintenance
to ensure that they remain stable and strong enough to support the greenhouse.
- Different sizes of wood poles are required at different places hence this must be taken into
consideration during harvesting of the poles to ensure not just one size is brought
- The cost of training the farmers and instilling in them the working of the technology is to
incorporate in the cost estimation (Siller, Cook &
Johnson, 2016.).
Cost
- Materials: $150000
- Labour: $45000.
- Total Cost: $195000
A Solution to Reduction of the Demand for Chemical Fertilizer at a
Household Level in Sambo, Kratie Province
Treatment of River Water Supply from total organic carbons (TOC)
Materials:
- 110 wooden poles
- 2 kg GI wire
- 3kg Long wire nails
- UV stabilized LDE film
- Bitumen
- LDPE Film Roll
- Plastic rope
- Bamboo sticks
- Tag Nails

Design Area: 4. Agricultural Systems
River water supply treatment
The aim of the project is to reduce the relainace on chemical fertilziers by farmers, a trend that leads
to an increae the cost of running the farms besies contiubting to an unhelathy living environment.
The aim of yhe project is achieved though the exploration and provsion of yhe alternaibve ways of
making and aodpting natural frtilziers that have been made from the resoruces that are locally
available and coming up with ways ofhelping the farmer ascertain the right quantity (Snyder et al.,
2018).
Design
The initial stage in achieving this design involves informing the
farmers to collect chicken poop from their farms for a period of
two weeks and keep them for use in this process. The carbon to
nitrogen ratio is obtained by combining 30 parts if carbon to a
single part of nitrogen which offers a convenient surrounding for
the microorganisms to break into smaller particles the organic
material to generate compost host composted recipe is used in
the combination of the accurate ratio of manure and bedding at a single moment resulting in a pile
which is about a cubic yard, thereafter moisture is added to generate a hot pile (Snyder et al., 2018).
The process of heating is repeated as soon as the compost gets to the recommended temperature
for 72 hours and thus begins to cool. The compost is left to cure where the pile is closely monitored
and as soon as a satisfaction is achieved that the whole contents have been effectively heated the
cure is allowed to proceed for 20 months before the compost is used (Wilson-Lopez, Gregory &
Larsen, 2016). The compost is added to the garden through spreading it over the surface.
Considerati ons:
- All the design materials are acquired locally, chicken poop from the farms of the farmers
- The amount of chicken poop needed to make enough compost manure for a specified farm
is not provided.
- The time spent training the farmers on how to make and use compost manure is not
estimated and taken into consideration.
- More refines study may need to be carried out on the other available nutrients in chicken
poop and the level of their availability to exploit on all the available options of application of
the made compost manure (Wilson-Lopez, Gregory &
Larsen, 2016).
Cost
- Materials: $100
- Labour: $100.
- Total Cost: $200
References
Armstrong, R., 2018. Between Optimism and Despair:
Engineering, Anthropology, and Development in the Twenty-First Century. In Philosophy of
Engineering, East and West (pp. 217-228). Springer, Cham
Materials:
- 800g of Chicken poop

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