Speed Bump Energy Harvesting Technology

This assignment delves into the innovative concept of harnessing kinetic energy from passing vehicles to generate electricity using speed bumps. It examines various mechanical systems employed in this technology, such as pinions, racks, rollers, and hydraulic mechanisms. The document also discusses the advantages and limitations of speed bump power generation, including its susceptibility to rain damage and the need for regular maintenance. Finally, it explores potential applications like powering streetlights and future developments incorporating voltage protection and flywheel speed control.

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literature review

Abstract
Electricity is the main necessary to develop the modern world and its demand increased
drastically as the time passed. Earlier, for generating electricity the sources of energy used was
coal. Nowadays, the electricity is generated by fossil fuels. The literature review attempts to
show how electricity is generated by the speed breakers present on the road. On the other hand,
the generated power can be used to power up the street lights too. The purpose of this method is
to use the wasted energy for power consumption.
1. Introduction
Electricity distribution is one of the major concern in India, where people encounter
various problems due to lack of electricity. Thus, the idea to produce the electricity is initiated by
using the roads, which has speed breakers. The potential energy that is produced by vehicle when
it passes over the speed breaker is transferred to kinetic energy. This system is innovative, ideal
and useful to generate more electricity in India. However, earlier electricity was not available
instead of electricity people used kerosene lamps. After 1800’s two current sources were used,
DC (Direct current) and AC (Alternative current). AC current electricity was used in arc lamps.
But, according to "Reciprocating bump", electricity can also be produced when the rotor crosses
the speed breaker.
2. Literature Review
According to (Prabu and G, 2017), the author states that the efforts for generating
multiple-year planning tool is used for determining the solution, for the renewable energy. It is
feasible both in terms of technical and economic considerations. Because, it should be made for
the operating structures according to present situation, then based on the pricing system of
electricity, alternatives of project funding and subvention frameworks, where renewable energy
is deployed in the remote places. The reason for the renewable energy is feasible, under the
funding alternatives and under the current operating situation. For the assessment of renewable
energy configuration, a detailed model in dynamics had been proposed which is based on the
downtime of the equipment and the available energy that results in feasible solution, in technical
methods. But, economically they are not necessary. To consider the tradeoffs in the economic
evaluation, additional deterministic model had been used between the cost and reliability along
with the multi objective Inter Linear Programming (ILP) proposal, for assessing the risk at
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different levels of configurations. Hourly load time series and yearly electricity demand growth
rate are considered as the least requirements of data. Due to extensive load level range for the
whole year, the periodical growth rates are preferred. Renewable energy model is accessible for
the large customers whose consumption of electricity is high. The capabilities of the model
proposed is given in twelve scenarios and the benefits for evaluating many projects across a
planning horizon was highlighted. This kind of project policy supports the renewable energy
which also provides an advantage for the government, than the other social benefits. It was noted
that, further integration of renewable energy in the remote communities is essential for the
potential benefits, which must be taken into account.
As per (Arriaga, Canizares and Kazerani, 2016), the author found how to make use of the
energy that is wasted while a vehicle passes over a speed breaker. Energy is produced in a
greater quantity, when a vehicle passes over it. The energy that is produced can be trapped and
power can be produced by using the speed breaker, as a power generating unit. The moving
vehicles produce kinetic energy which can be transformed to mechanical energy of the shaft,
with the help of rack pinion mechanism. The mechanical energy that is transformed is further
converted into electrical energy that can be stored in the battery, with the help of a generator.
The vehicle travelling at the high speed is being stroked by wind. Conversion of potential energy
to the electrical energy is the principle that is involved. While the vehicle moves over it, it gains
increased potential power that is wasted in the conventional rumble strip and when it comes
down, the ratchet-wheel type mechanism is attached with a crank lever that rotates the shaft and
is coupled to dynamo. Thus, it results in electricity i.e., produced from the kinetic energy.
It is stated in (Srivastava and Asthana, 2017) that, the steady flow of the electricity is
produced by controlling the speed of the rotor. In this case, the electricity is produced in
windings. These windings are connected to the electricity network. Normally, a vehicle’s weight
is 1000kg with a height of 10cm and the rumble strip produces approximately 0.98KW. So, 1KW
electricity was produced where hundred vehicles were passed on the speed breaker. There are
some Equipment in this research like ball bearings, springs, dynamo, speed breakers, rack and
pinion gears. Rack is the flat, and the pinion is the gear. The rack and pinion method is used to
convert rotary to linear motion and linear to rotor. Spring is used to store a mechanical energy
and it is a flexible elastic object, which is made out of hardened steel. A dynamo is otherwise
called as stator, because it consists of stationary structure and it provides a stable magnetic field.
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Speed breakers are used to slow down the speed of vehicle. A lot of electricity is produced by
using this method and enough electricity was stored for the near future. This proposal is used to
developed the country and utilize the sources in a useful manner.
According to (Ekawati and Mardiah, 2017) the Speed Pump is one of the most important
tool, which is used to decrease the speed of the oncoming vehicles. It is also used in the
residential area and in the highways. The speed bump’s nature of being frequently run over by
the oncoming vehicles, have a great potential for harvesting the respective mechanical energy
that can be converted into electrical energy, by using the electrical energy converter circuit. The
authors examine the speed pump with the help of the spring component and cantilever with
piezoelectric component. Two main approaches are used includes, utilization of bidirectional
resonance frequency tenability and the electromagnetic pick up. These approaches are used to
produce the equipment mobility. To overcome the disadvantages of the primary prototype,
certain modifications are made to it. Therefore, the drivers trend to expressively slow down the
vehicle and thus they slowly ride over the speed bump. The car deposits the mechanical pressure
on the speed bump, which is in the form of wide-and-shallow signals. These signals cover only
less amount of energy that quickly dissolve along with the mechanical energy transmitter and
conversion system. This mechanical model is mainly implemented to analyze the overall
relationship between the physical variables. By this, the user can identify the effects of the
variations in the module. Second prototype contains, three core module like speed up with the
help of spring module. This module is responsible to transfer the mechanical energy to the
second module, by using the knocker. The second module contains two stacks of cantilevers with
piezoelectric plates. The third module collects the produced voltages, rectifies and converts them
into DC, and then gathers the equivalent electrical energy, into the capacitor. The mechanical
communication between these modules are demonstrated. The authors evaluate the approaches
based on the lab tests and vehicle tests. The lab test is used to identify the effect of cantilever
energy. Vehicle test is equivalent to 180 repetitive hits on the lab test i.e., the motorcycle test can
produce 1.5 Volt output. The energy stored in the capacitor was 12.57%. This occurred because,
the system was configured for motorcar as the load, not motorcycle. This can specify that the
system achieves better results if it is utilized by the motorcars as a design. Multiple tests are
applied to the system to select the optimal parts that are used to build the system. The overall
output is, 76.92% of the energy, produced by the test.
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As per (Prakash, Rao and Srinuvas, 2014) the authors state that, energy is important for
describing the physical system and generates power, when the vehicles move on the road. Which
can be proceed by announcing the powered bearing that rotates the shaft in a single direction.
The return or upcoming stroke is accessed by the suspension system. They use the mechanism
called RPGS, with the help of this method, the vehicles move over 3 joints and 4 plates. The
(RPGS) road power generation system is a type of design, which is used to capture the kinetic
and waste energy from all the vehicles. This method converts the kinetic energy to electric
energy. The road power generation system covers the method called driving one flywheel into
another. RPG flywheel has implemented to reach the greater amount of inertia movement in
comparatively small space. The converted electricity can be utilized by various purpose such as
streetlights on road and lightings of signal. There are different types of components used like,
frame, plates, connecting rod, sprocket wheels, chains, dynamo, bearings and light. It is
determined that, the vehicular traffic could be used for proper generation which introduces a new
technique or method called Power Hump. It cannot use external source. The author approaches
the devices with voltage protection in future and device with control of flywheel speed.
According to (Khan and Khan, 2017) the authors states that, the vehicles are passing
through ramps energy by harnessing method. The energy is wasted if it is not harvested. This
paper, sheds light on the new idea for rotational conversion with the help of gear mechanism and
flywheel, which is used under the road. The system assumed a vehicle passing by, through time
interval that can produce the energy outcome, and the vehicle’s power is considered as input in a
specified time interval. The authors describe the concept of harvesting system of the hump
energy. The flywheel is setup with 85 kilo gram material of cast iron with 355 diameter. The
author approaches for future platform, for energy harvesting with naturally sustainability. It can
be recovered by vehicular traffic on the highways, centers with logistics, pedestrian of school
crossing and junctions, with a concept of smart city layouts.
This paper (K.Ravivarma, 2013), tells about some new techniques to preserve the
environment and also increases the optimal utilization of energy. The advanced technologies are
used for getting efficient power from the vehicle. Only the movement of car is the reason for this
kind of energy generation. Speed bump is an essential part of mechanical equipment, which the
proposed method focused on getting the efficient power from the vehicle, whenever there is a
movement. Hydraulic mechanism is used for the generation of electrical power from the
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mechanical energy by the movement of vehicle. Speed bumper is the important part of car, in
which translational vertical movement is converted into rotational movement. Crank shift
systems are used for this energy conversion mechanism. The load selection is very important for
this energy conversion and cooling mechanism. Grip is created between speed breaker and some
join by the speed bumper. Crank shaft mechanism is required to solve the balancing problems
like bearing damage.
It is stated that (Wang et al., 2016), the conversion from mechanical energy into electrical
energy is done by the mechanical motion rectifier. Impulses like upward and downward is
harvested with this technique. The design and development of mechanical system is focused on
meeting the energy saving requirements. Peak electrical power (1270W) is harvested by using
this mechanism. The energy conversion of MMR and the link between vehicle and SBH is
created. For large amount of energy harvesting, mechanical motion rectifier mechanism is used.
SBH is the proposed method for increasing the capability of energy harvesting. This paper deals
with the harvesting modelling and design of the mechanical parts, like up-down conversion of
electrical energy. To avoid the external water, entering into vehicles has been avoided by
constructing speed bump. By the conversion mechanism electrical energy is generated by the
rotation of shaft. The direction independent process takes place for generating continuous power,
by the movement of vehicle. SBH method is used to generate electrical energy during the
mechanical movement of the vehicle. Conversions from mechanical energy into electrical energy
is done, by the rotational movement of the car. This paper deal with some important technique
known as MMR which is the most important technique i.e., used for power saving methodology.
As per (Ramadan, Khaled and Hage, 2015), power is produced by the moving vehicles,
on the road. Power generation by speed bumps is an effective technology in power system
applications. Mechanical system involved in vehicle, converts the kinetic energy into electrical
energy. In this paper, SBPG with different types is explained. To decrease the fossil fuel
utilization, renewable energy sources are taken as the most powerful strategy. Most of the
research focuses on the commonly used renewable energy sources. For electrical energy
harvesting, electrical energy generated by speed bump method has also been used. The electrical,
mechanical and linking parts are involved in this type of power generation. When the car moves,
some pressure is created by the mechanical parts of the vehicle and this mechanism is controlled
by the shaft rotation. Crack-shaft, roller and speed pumps are commonly used mechanisms,
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which prove to be helpful. The main aim is focused on converting kinetic energy into electrical
energy. Pinion and rack are the two main mechanisms used for the construction of prototype.
Diameter and length plays a major role for the creation of right structure, which has been taken
as 38cm and 3.5 cm. A rack consists of pinion and spring i.e., hold by the bumps. Speed bump
power generators are used for obtaining car's kinetic energy into electrical energy. Depending on
the prototype used by the manufacturer, this energy system also varies. When the 84kg and 73kg
masses are given, electrical energy was generated.
3. Evaluation
The limitations for the electricity generation by road pumps includes, attaining proper
balance of the torque and speed is challenging for generating electricity by road pumps. Due to
the rain water, the generation of electricity might get damaged. In a short period of time,
checking the mechanism from time-to-time is the other limitation for generating electricity, using
speed bumps. Appropriate mechanisms are required to improve the efficiency of the electricity
generation for implementing the road bumps technology.
4. Conclusion
The conversion of kinetic energy of the car which passes on to the speed bump into the
electric energy is detailed, to generate electricity. The effective mechanism which is used in the
speed bumps like roller, crack-shaft, pinion and hydraulic mechanisms are explained. The
implementation of Road Power Generation fly wheel to reach the great amount of inertia
movement is mentioned. It is determined that rain water can harm electricity generation. The
converted electricity is also been used for the street lights. The proposed method of the SBH to
increase the capability of energy harvesting is discussed. The approach of the device with
voltage protection and flywheel speed control for the future need is discussed.
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References
Arriaga, M., Canizares, C. and Kazerani, M. (2016). Long-Term Renewable Energy Planning
Model for Remote Communities. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 7(1), pp.221-231.
Ekawati, E. and Mardiah, R. (2017). Speed Bump with Piezoelectric Cantilever System as
Electrical Energy Harvester.
K, R. and B, D. (2017). Power Generation Using Hydraulic Mechanism at Speed bumper.
Khan, u. and Khan, s. (2017). Energy harvesting for backup power supply using speed humps.
Prabu, G. and G, E. (2017). Electricity Generation by Speed Breaker.
Prakash, C., Rao, A. and Srinuvas, P. (2014). Road Power Generation by Speed
Breaker. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 11(2), pp.75-78.
Ramadan, M., Khaled, M. and Hage, H. (2015). Using Speed Bump for Power Generation –
Experimental Study. Energy Procedia, 75, pp.867-872.
Srivastava, S. and Asthana, A. (2017). PRODUCE ELECTRICITY BY THE USE OF SPEED
BREAKERS.
Wang, L., Todaria, P., Pandey, A., O'Connor, J., Chernow, B. and Zuo, L. (2016). An
Electromagnetic Speed Bump Energy Harvester and Its Interactions with Vehicles. IEEE/ASME
Transactions on Mechatronics, 21(4), pp.1985-1994.
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