South Pacific Island Water Security Assignment 2022

Running head: SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS WATER SECURITY
South Pacific Islands Water Security
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Notes:

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Table of Contents
Key Words.................................................................................................................................2
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................2
Australian South Pacific Islands............................................................................................3
Global Warming.....................................................................................................................4
Environmental sustainability..................................................................................................6
Research Gaps............................................................................................................................9
Research Intent.........................................................................................................................10
Research Questions..................................................................................................................10
Research Methodology.............................................................................................................11
Resources required...................................................................................................................13
Risk Assessment...................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................15

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Key Words
Following are the Keywords that have been used in in the current Project research paper;
i. Sustainability
ii. Water
iii. Ice-caps
iv. Climate
v. Security
vi. Global
vii. Islands
viii. Environment
ix. Warming
x. Sea-level
Literature Review
Climate change has taken the world by storm. Change in the general proceeding from
the part of man has developed various nature of relationships with the abiotic factors that
constitute the environment (Melillo, Richmond and Yohe 2014). It must be realised that it is
the health of the nature is vital for sustainability and wellbeing of the human race. The
activities such as deforestation, depletion of fuel and burning of the same, thus releasing
smoke and harmful gasses in the air depletes the quality of the environment as a whole and
hence contributes to climate change. The climate change that is taking place is leading to
increase of temperature within the atmosphere of the earth (Wordsworth and Pierrehumbert
2013). The latter is an activity that is known as global warming. The incidence of the latter
contributes to melting of the polar ice caps which in turn contributes to the rise of the global
sea level. While this condition poses threats to the sustainability of areas that are in the

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coastal areas, there are higher threats posed to smaller islands especially in the South Pacific
Regions near Australia. The aim of the following section is to cater to the development of
inferences regarding the scope of topics that are related to the study.
Australian South Pacific Islands
Apart from the main island or the continent as a whole, the country of Australia is
surrounded by numerous small-scale islands. The islands that specially fall in the South East
region are deemed to be in a geographical position that is vulnerable in nature. Furthermore,
these islands are similar in nature to the islands find in the ring of fire. Three adverse climatic
conditions pose threats to the sustainability of these islands. While many islands are
uninhibited, numerous islands are occupied by people. Due to the scenic beauty of the area
including the vivid oceans, corals and surfing these areas are highly popular. However, the
unfavourably harsh climatic conditions pose serious threats to the sustainability of these
islands and the people associated to it. There has been various Floods in various islands that
has resulted in great losses (Widlansky et al. 2013). These losses not only involve lots of
capital or assets, but on a diverse variety of aspects. In the recent past, it had been found that
several islands are now completely at the level of the sea. They harsh impact of the weather
has taken a toll on the economy. The governing bodies had to incur high expenses in terms of
rehabilitation of the people living in such areas. Even if there has been endless super from the
part of numerous international and domestic NGOs, the losses that have been experienced are
unsurmountable (Pratt and Harrison 2015). The has been losses in terms of people's houses,
cars and various personal property being slowly submerged under sea water. According to an
interviewee it was found that they incidents such as the same change the flow of things in
their life. The locals and small businesses in the areas have been the biggest sufferers. The
country has suggested a lot however the proportion of loss is nowhere near the loss that has
been suffered by the locals of the area and the small businesses. Insurance companies did not

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support as it is evident that incident such add the same do not fall under the scope of items or
assets that can be claimed through insurance. Furthermore, the latter being a natural calamity
falls under the category of clauses that are not reimbursed by the tourist companies. Thus,
these are losses that affect the people even more.
It has been found out that coupled with the same is stress on the mental state of the
people of these people who have been part of such an incident. The mental stress or traumas
in is an aspect that people have to cope with and has been a catastrophic implication of the
mental state of people apart from evident effects on the financial condition of the people who
are in the receiving ended of the problems. Thus, it is evident that there are various issues that
are associated to climate changes and the impact of the same on South Pacific Islands
especially the ones that are located next to Australia (Oliver and Holbrook 2014). It can be
opined that there needs to be measures that are developed that helps in terms of development
of measures through which people and organisations can collectively develop measures
through which the solutions can be formulated to tackle the problem collectively. Intensive
research and development in the same topic can help. Hence, the government of the country
as a whole to invest in research and development apart from collaboration from various
charitable organisations.
Global Warming
The high levels of demands from the part of human beings have resumed in high
amounts of time that has been invested in terms of time in R&D and similar activities. High
demands in terms of goods and commodities has resulted in response from the part of
companies in which they have introduced high production systems with the help of which
companies can produce desired items in bulk. The industrial revolution introduced systems
and mechanism through which industrial manufactured could develop desired items bulk. As
a result of the same there has been development of various forms of technology and that too

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on rates that are considered to be faster than before. The completed of various organisations
in production of the desired items are fast rates led to rapid development of the economy of
countries. However, it has been found that creation of items in bulk have various implications
on the environment from the past of the industrial units. There are various types of fuel used
in processing in the industrial units. There are various harmful gases that are released into the
atmosphere of as industrial outputs. Gases such as Sulphur Monoxide, Methane components
and carbon are bong constantly released into the environment that is accumulating in the
stratosphere this depleting the nature state of the latter (Lee et al. 2017). Furthermore, high
population that is coupled with high rates of economic development has resulted in demand
for personal vehicles. As a result of the increase in number of vehicles in roads, the outputs
that are released by the vehicles are polluting the air. The gases that are released to the
atmosphere by vehicle outputs are similar to what is released in the industrial belt. Thus, this
is resulting in an atmosphere that is getting heater up day by day. The effects are similar to
that of a greenhouse and hence the effect of pollutants in the changing temperature conditions
within the globe is known as the Green House effect (Leconte et al. 2013). The atmosphere at
the earth has it’s of similar nature as that of the greenhouse glass. The mechanism of a
greenhouse is such that insulators or the glass of the greenhouse does allow sunlight in,
however the nature of the glass and mechanism of the credit does not allow the sunlight to
leave the green house. The latter is carried out to enhance fast growth of plants and
vegetation that are used for commercial purposes. The release of oxides of carbon, Sulphur
and methane are acting as catalysts in the atmosphere of the earth, running the same into an
insulator. Hence, raisins from the sun enters the atmosphere of the earth and is unable to exist
the atmosphere as a result of the greenhouse effect. This has given rise to a phenomenon
called global Warming which is responsible for the increase in the overall temperature of the
earth. Thus, it can be opined that it leads to the increase in the overall temperature of inside

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the atmosphere. Thus, increase in temperature within the atmosphere is contributing to the
depletion of the polar ice caps. The ice capped glaciers are most vulnerable in this scenario.
There increased overall temperature leads is contributing to get melting of ice which in turn
ads to the present water level. It is an issue that has been training bit only the coastal regions
but also affecting the fauna of these regions who are dependent on the same for normal
livelihood. Even though this poses minimum threat to currently, the rate of melting of ice is
increasing at an alarming rate. If the current scenario is sustained, the earth with soon be
under water. Companies worldwide have taken initiatives that help in reducing the disastrous
effects that the atmosphere of Earth is subject to. Hence, it can be opined that this is an issue
that should not be ignored.
Environmental sustainability
Sustainability refers to the sum total of two words, sustain and ability. Therefore, it
can be implied that sustainability refers to the ability of sustaining oneself (Alhaddi 2015).
With adverse effects from the part of individuals and organisations worldwide, the quality of
the environment is degrading gradually. The aim of sustainable motives is such that it
contributes to the favourable environmental outcomes. Environmental sustainability of
characterised by responsible actions that help in acting respectfully and intelligently for the
long-term betterment of the environment (Baland, Bardhan and Bowles 2018). Thus, it is
through sustainable motives that one can preserve the abiotic factors and ensure that the
quality of it is intact.
There are various grounds on which a sustainable mind set should be incorporated.
When it comes to operation of an organisation there are various aspects into which one must
incorporate sustainable notions. There are activities carried out by organisations that pose
threats to environment degradation. Activities such as dumping and releasing wastes into the
environment contributes to environment degradation. Depending on the scale of operations of

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companies, the size and nature of waste is determined. The wastes are likely to be in plenty of
the scale of operations of the company is big and it is reverse in case the scale of operations is
small. Thus, there might be disastrous and unrecoverable implications of the matter is not
looked into carefully.
As a result of the overall impact of operational activities on the abiotic components,
various companies have adopted initiatives that cater to the said need. Companies such as
Toyota have taken initiatives that cater to the needs of the environment as a whole. The
business model that has been adopted by the company is characterised by a high degree of
sustainable notions and motives. The business model of the company is characterised by a
rationale known as Lean operations (Piercy and Rich 2015). The latter is a mechanism that
helps the company in avoiding the unnecessary use of resources. When it comes to the
operations of an automotive company, there are various compounds that contribute to the
depletion of the overall quality of the environment. Manufacturing of vehicle components
requires fuel and natural resources that contribute to environment pollution. Thus, the
company aims to reduce the negative effects that are suffered by the environment by ensuring
all activities have sustainable development instated into the core operations. Furthermore, the
company has taken steps that are characterised by sustainable mobility. With the help of
extensive investment in innovation. Research and development, the company has been able to
develop technology that used considerably lesser amount of fuel. This helps in reducing the
rancid releases in the environment. Moreover, one of the most effective innovations has been
incorporated into the operations of the company. The latter has developed a mechanism that
helps in running the vehicles by using only electricity. Though it is an innovation that is
considered expensive but serves its purpose and helps in nullifying the disastrous outputs.
Hence, it can be said the aim of the company is to carry out operations in an effective manner

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that helps them in gaining sustainability in operations and catering to the sustainable
development of the environment.
Toyota isn't the only who have excelled in the same, various companies have carried
out the same and have developed business models that help in contributing to three
sustainability of the environment. There are companies such as Toyota who have
incorporated sustainability into their operation even if they are for profit organisations. There
are also companies who operate in the market as NGOs developed some towards
environmental sustainability (Piercy and Rich 2015). There are certain aspects that companies
might want to cater to if they aim to gain sustainability with the help of their general nature of
operations.
The first activity that must be incorporated into operations is an environment audit.
The audit helps in identifying the activities of the company in different environmental
grounds. Whether the company is performing efficiently in terms of transition, freight,
whether they are carrying waste management effectively, whether there is effective disposal
of waste and whether there is management of corporate operations in a sustainable manner.
Thus, it can be said that maintaining carrying out environment audits are the methods through
which organisations can identify the areas that they are excelling in terms of environmental
sustainability and the areas that they are laughing behind. Thus, an environment audit is a
tool that helps companies in gaining sustainability in operations (Plambeck and Taylor 2015).
Companies should carry out the same if they want to ensure sustained nature of operations.
Apart from environmental audits, the other activities that can be carried out in order to ensure
sustainability in daily activities of through three inclusion of impact assessment. Impact
assembly is an activity that helps in identifying the overall impact that each activity has on
regular activities of organisations.

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Organisations must realise that the nature of activities that are carried out by
themselves. It can be said that companies must stay up to date with the activities that are
carried out by organisations that operate in international statures and that carry out operations
that are sustainable in nature. Large-scale organisations such as MNCs should incorporate
leadership while carrying out operations that are sustainable in nature. Companies that are
considered small-scale can follow the footsteps of the global organisations and get influenced
by the same. The latter are able to motivate communities to participate in the same and thus
contribute to the sustainable development of the environment. Sustainable contributions from
the part of the organisations not only help in spreading a word about the company, it also
helps in terms of communicating the distribute motives to the consumer community (Bouma
2014). It can be said that the companies should aim to gain sustainability in operations
through effective customer relationship management and public relations. Thus,
incorporation of the same into the regular nature of communication from the part of the
company helps in communicating the values position of the company and increased changed
of sustainable contributions for the overall betterment of the environment.
Research Gaps
Even through the subject is heavily discussed in various forums, it has been found that
there are various gaps that are associated within the topic. Following are the Gaps in the
Research that have been identified;
i. Various organisation are carrying out sustainable practices in order to cope with the said
problem, however not all.
ii. Even after carrying out sustainable activities in an extensive manner, there level of the sea
is deemed to be constantly increasing.

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iii. There are various sights were unfavourable practices are being carried out. Thus, it is
contributing to the degradation of quality of air.
iv. Not only man made practices but also practices that are natural are contributing to
degradation of the quality of air. Natural activities such as acid rains and forest or bush
fires are leading to degradation of the quality of the air and contributing to global
warming.
Research Intent
The research is based on the belief that there are measures that can be taken to
eliminate or decrease the intensity or the rate at which the South Pacific Islands are being
threatened by security from water. As a result of the stature of the water bodies surrounding
the South Pacific islands the aim of the research is to identify the possible practices through
which the rate of melting of the ice caps can be reduce the rate at which the ice caps are
melting. There are various issues that have been identified that are contributing to the said
problems. The research aims to identify the scope of the problems, identify gaps in the
methods that are currently being applied to solve the problems. Furthermore, then research
aims to justify the actual methods that can be applied in order to satiate the gaps in the
research that have been identified. The rationale of the research is sustainable in nature and
thus, the latter aims to identify the measures that can help in terms of justification of measure
that can be adopted in order to justify the aim of the research that is concerned with the
development of measures to cope with issues that have been identified.
Research Questions
The topic that is being discussed in the aforementioned sections has highlighted the
fact that the issues that is being dealt with currently are of extensive rarity. Thus, it can be
said that the aim of the research paper is to identify the outcomes through which

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organisations across the world can help in terms of contribution towards the development of
resolutions that would help in coping with the issues that have been highlighted in the
aforementioned sections.
The gaps that have been identified, state that there are issues that such as lack of
affiliation towards activities from the part of organisations that are sustainable in nature.
Furthermore, it has been found out that even if there are various activities being carried out
that are sustainable in nature however, they are failing in terms of development of resolutions
for the issue that have been highlighted. As a result of the same, it has been the following
research questions have been identified;
i. What are the measures that can be taken to communicate the need for affiliation to
sustainable motives from the part organisations?
ii. What are the practices that can ensure innovation in terms of reduction of the adverse
effects that the environment is subject to?
iii. What are the effective measures that can be taken in order to avoid natural calamities that
contribute to the degradation of the quality of the environment?
Research Methodology
The research that has been carried out that is being carried out has been carried out
has been conducted in order to gain effectiveness of identification of information through
which the issue can be coped with. It has been understood that the issues that is being
discussed in the current paper has been based on a topic that is being preached popularly.
Thus, it has been understood that there would be high levels of aspects associated with the
development regarding the same topic.
The issue or the problem that is being researched in the paper is based on the
development of issues associated with the development of the topic that is being extensively

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communicated. There are two sources of information that could have been adopted in order to
gain a deeper level of understanding regarding that are to be identified with the help of the
current research. Primary sources of information are deemed to be more trust worthy
regardless of the nature of the research (Munday 2014). The primary sources of information
that are usually applied in order to satiate needs associated with a research are, interviews,
focus groups, primary surveys and various other sources. The information thus obtained can
be compiled into data sheets or into figures such as pie charts, bar charts, histograms, spider
diagrams or perceptual maps. Hence, this helps in extensive identification of information and
analysis of the same. However, in terms of the current research, there are various aspects of
the aforementioned activities that could not be conducted as a result of the lack of time,
capital and workforce. Thus, it has been opined that the sources of data that will be used for
identification of the information and data in order to satiate the needs of the research are
secondary sources of data. Even though secondary sources or data are deemed to be less
reliable than primary sources of data, it is the medium that will be used to analyse and
develop understanding regarding the particular research. The secondary sources of data are
perceived to be out dated or not very current. Furthermore, it is perceived that the primary
sources of data are more relevant as they have been obtained from sources that have been
obtained directly. In the form of a contradictory opinion it can be said that secondary sources
of data can be just as reliable as primary sources of data if selected from trusted sources.
Furthermore, it can be said that secondary sources of data are more feasible as there are
various costs that can be avoided, furthermore, it is consumes less time as a result of which
inferences can be obtained faster.
The secondary sources of data that will be used for the purpose of the research are
sources such scholarly articles, peer reviewed journals, official websites of organisations and
official government websites and publishing on business magazines. The latter are deemed to

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be sources of data that are favourable in nature in terms of the reliability and the relevance of
information that are present in the same. The data have been used for the purpose of
development of the current paper and the future research paper that will be conducted. The
data that has been obtained with the help of the secondary sources of data have been analysed
using the theory of positivism (Khan 2014). The theory of interpretivism is an approach of
data analysis philosophy that helps in interpreting the data that has been obtained with the
help of personal interpretations (Chowdhury 2014). The factor that is evident in terms of
development of inferences or interpretation regarding a certain study depends on the
perception of individuals. It might vary from one individual to the other. Hence, it can be said
that the main rationale or the opinions passed in the current paper might not develop similar
opinions regarding the same. However, abiding by the theory of positivism, it can be opined
that that the nature of issues that is being discussed in the said section is of such a stature that
similar inferences regarding the same are bound to develop.
Resources required
In order to satiate the need of the research, there are various resources that would be
needed. Since, the scope of the current research is based in primary sources of data, following
are the resources that would be needed;
i. Computer with internet connectivity
ii. Access of scholarly sources of information
iii. Analysis tools such as calculators
iv. Microsoft Word
v. Microsoft Excel

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Risk Assessment
There are various risks that are associated with research projects. There could be
issues associated with sourcing the data. There are various copyright related issues that one
can encounter while carrying out research. The sources of data that will be used in order to
satiate the need of the research that are protected by copyrights. Thus, adequate credits must
be provided to the sources in the references section. Furthermore, loss of internet connectivity
is an issue that can affect the flow of the research that is being conducted. Apart from the
latter, lack of information in order to satiate the need of the research has been identified as a
risk to the smooth flow of the research. If the said risks can be eliminated, it is expected that
the aim of the research will be satiated.

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REFERENCES
Alhaddi, H., 2015. Triple bottom line and sustainability: A literature review. Business and
Management Studies, 1(2), pp.6-10.
Baland, J.M., Bardhan, P. and Bowles, S. eds., 2018. Inequality, cooperation, and
environmental sustainability. Princeton University Press.
Bouma, J., 2014. Soil science contributions towards sustainable development goals and their
implementation: linking soil functions with ecosystem services. Journal of plant nutrition
and soil science, 177(2), pp.111-120.
Chowdhury, M.F., 2014. Interpretivism in aiding our understanding of the contemporary
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Khan, S.N., 2014. Qualitative research method: Grounded theory. International Journal of
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Leconte, J., Forget, F., Charnay, B., Wordsworth, R. and Pottier, A., 2013. Increased
insolation threshold for runaway greenhouse processes on Earth-like
planets. Nature, 504(7479), p.268.
Lee, C.T., Hashim, H., Ho, C.S., Van Fan, Y. and Klemeš, J.J., 2017. Sustaining the low-
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Oliver, E.C.J. and Holbrook, N.J., 2014. Extending our understanding of South Pacific gyre
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Widlansky, M.J., Timmermann, A., Stein, K., McGregor, S., Schneider, N., England, M.H.,
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