Southern Cross Tower: A Research Paper on High Rise Steel Framed Building

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SOUTHERN CROSS TOWER
A Research Paper on High Rise Steel Framed Building By
Student’s Name
Name of the Professor
Institutional Affiliation
City/State
Year/Month/Day

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EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
This research project analyses the high rise Southern Cross tower building where the steel frame
is used or where there is an important application of the structural steel networks. The southern
cross tower which is also referred to as 121 Exhibition Street is a 530 feet (one hundred and
sixty-one-metre skyscraper in Melbourne, Australia. the tower was constructed in the year 2004
and consisted of thirty-nine 39 levels of the accommodations offices. The building is about
seventy-five per cent possessed by the multiplex trust property. The analysis of the displacement
responses and the internal force with rare earthquakes have been carried out through the static
elastic-plastic pushover analysis, and the common earthquakes have been carried out by the use
of the method of static elastic time-history (Stern, 2014). This section also reviews the elastic-
plastic and elastic structural process and methods

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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY.................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................4
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE...................................................................................................................4
DESIGN DOCUMENTATION..........................................................................................................................5
SITE VISIT DOCUMENTATION......................................................................................................................6
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM..................................................................................................................................7
Foundation material building bearing strength and the site classification..............................................7
Footing system used................................................................................................................................8
Steel beams for roofs and floor system...................................................................................................9
Steel columns........................................................................................................................................11
Bracing members...................................................................................................................................12
Secondary structures.............................................................................................................................12
Design of truss chord.............................................................................................................................13
Composites materials............................................................................................................................14
LOADING ON THE STRUCTURE AND THE STRENGTH CALCULATION..........................................................15
Vertical Loads........................................................................................................................................15
Live loads...............................................................................................................................................17
Wind loads.............................................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................19
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................................20

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INTRODUCTION
The steel frame is a building system with the skeleton edge of the vertical pillars of steels and
horizontal beam built in the rectangular grid to maintain the floor, roofs and walls of the house
all devoted to the frame. The expansion of this type of technique made the building of the
skyscraper promising. Prefabricated steel structure has some of the obvious advantages that are
quick construction, environmental protection and production in the industry. Even though the
prefabricated structure has been used in many countries in the world. In various occasions, these
structures are for the high and low rise buildings. This research project analyses the high rise
Southern Cross tower building where the steel frame is used or where there is an important
application of the structural steel networks.
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE
The southern cross tower which is also referred to as 121 Exhibition Street is a 530 feet (one
hundred and sixty-one-metre skyscraper in Melbourne, Australia. the tower was constructed in
the year 2004 and consisted of thirty-nine 39 levels of the accommodations offices. The building
is about seventy-five per cent possessed by the multiplex trust property and twenty-five per cent
is possessed by the multiplex prime acumen fund. The current value of the building is the A $one
hundred and thirty million and its main tenants are the state of Victorian Government (Acton,
n.d.).
Construction of the basement part up to the ground floor level adopted in-situ slabs and the band
beam. This gave more duration to in the program for the chosen steel parts procurement,
fabrication and delivery of the structural steel. The designers having the demonstrable experience
with the construction of steel had a good learning forwards the medium from the inception. At

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times the prices of formworks increases and the climate of industries in the Melbourne favoured
the fabrication of site. The design exhibits the simplicity, typified by the regular grid, fifteen
meter clear spans on a sixteen by nine meters grid with the Gondek deck floor, allowing free
construction with the cycle of 8days per floor (Association, 2013).
The beam sizes were standardized using the 610UBs and 530.the slabs were normally one
hundred and twenty, thickened when important for the isolated weightier loadings. The
connection of the primary beams to the columns were the secondary beams and end bearings to
the core where the connection of web. The services were accommodated in the one-meter zone,
floor to floor height is four meters, applying the notches in some of the beams at the core
junction walls and some penetration of the web which were stiffened. The columns were
fabricated from the custom made four hundred and sixty section grades imported from Germany.
The enquiries from the design phase show that it was less expensive to import these sections,
there being more lead time. Splices were the full contract, situated one meter above the floor
with the three columns of storey lifts (Brannigan, 2012).
The engineering of fore was undertaken by Scott Lincoln adopted the spray of fire on the
columns up to the underside of primary beams for the passive protection. There were some of the
sprayings of fire of isolated beams trimmer. The system of curtain wall was fixed to the
structural steel by the welding using the sections of channels along the perimeter (Buckman,
2014).
DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
Before the growth of the Southern Cross, the government of Victoria was concerned since is the
main department were dispersed amongst more than fifteen offices through the Melbourne CBD.
It decided to combine monetarily and permit the bureaucracy access closer to the spring street,

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providing it access to the treasury and parliament (Trabucco, 2010). A consortium of the private
bodies, comprising Babcock, multiplex and the Brown, recommended a skyscraper in the site of
the derelict and old south hotel. The main condition of the involvement of the government of
Victoria in the project was the mandate that the structure is a state of art, environmentally
maintainable growth (Buildings, 2015).
The major priority in the construction and design of the high-rise structures is to ensure their
inflexibility, steadiness and strength by taking into deliberations the effect of significant forces in
the wind overpowering the uneven shortening of vertical constructions from columns and walls
concrete reinforcement under the impact of the load. In Southern Cross Tower, the materials like
concrete and steel are majorly applied. The rigidity of the building skeleton assist in flexibility
and supporting the wind loads so as resist fluctuations is the seismic activities. In the facades of
the current skyscrapers, majorly polymers, aluminium, light curtain panels of darkened and
transparent glass, and steel profiles (Chung, 2013).
SITE VISIT DOCUMENTATION
We visited the site on 5th October 2018. The management received us and walked with us
around the site. Pomeroy pacific manages all the projects to ensure that the aims are delivered on
time, high quality and budget. They assign the calibre seniors to every project and give the
methodical and hand on the delivery approach which results in the reduced cost of the building,
quicker duration of the building, mitigated the project risks and successful completion of the
projects. We were showed the number of floors of the building, materials that were used to
construct the building. The field trip introduces us to the structural systems used in the Southern
Cross building and we were given the explanation how they support themselves as well as the
loads imposed on the building by the environment (Council, 2010).