Nebulisers or spacers for the Administration

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NEBULIZERS VS
SPACERS
JANUARY 7, 2020

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Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................... 2
Nebulizers VS spacers............................................................................................... 3
Conclusion................................................................................................................ 5
References................................................................................................................ 6

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Introduction
Asthma is a long-lasting inflammatory pulmonary disorder impacting nearly 25 million
American individuals (Forno et al., 2015). The acute type of asthma exacerbation, also
termed an episode or attack accounts for nearly 1.7 million emergency cases and more than
3000 deaths annually (Pijnenburg et al., 2015). Asthma is a multifaceted disorder that can
entail the chronic inflammation, respiratory pathways remodeling, bronchial smooth muscle
hypertrophy, long-lasting increased mucus production, and epithelial cell injury. Numerous
cells related to the immune system have a key role, involving histamine comprising mast
cells macrophages and eosinophil. Exposure leads to an augmented inflammatory reaction
those results in edema formation enhanced mucus production, swelling of tissues and
constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle (Mims, 2015). The enhanced production of
mucous results in the production of mucus plugs and following bronchial plugging. Due to
the partition and narrowing of the bronchial tree, the smooth muscle amount obtainable to
constrict upsurges; this triggers an increased resistance to airflow in the narrower airways.
The lungs of an asthmatic person have changed elastic recoil and, probably more collapsible
breathing pathways than non-asthmatics. The Structural alterations seen in asthmatic patients
do not only happen in the lungs however also stretch in the direction of peripheral areas
outside of the contact of inhaled drugs (King, James, Harkness, and Wark, 2018). Air
trapping, and the hyperinflation of the patient's thoracic cavity, can happen as the airway
blockage from bronchoconstriction, breathing pathway remodeling and the mucus plugging.
Besides hyperinflation, this also results in the longer inspiratory phase than the expiratory
phase sometimes seen in these patients. Air trapping and hyperinflation are more common in
a severe asthma exacerbation than mild or moderate one (Looijmans-Van den Akker, van
Luijn and Verheij, 2016). The patient in the case study admitted to a hospital’s emergency
department and diagnosed with the increasing of asthma secondary to bronchitis. The