MPM 732: A Critical Analysis of Speech and Company Report

This essay presents a critical analysis comparing a speech by gay rights activist Urvashi Vaid with Apple Inc.'s annual report concerning diversity and inclusion. The analysis employs critical discourse analysis, Grice's Maxims, and Dilts Logical Levels to evaluate the effectiveness and underlying messages of each communication. Vaid's speech is examined for its assertive tone and call for equality, while Apple's report is assessed for its statistical representation of diversity efforts. The comparison highlights the shared goal of promoting equality while noting differences in approach, with the speech relying on strong rhetoric and the report focusing on quantifiable data. The essay concludes that both communications underscore the need for continued efforts to achieve true equality and representation for marginalized groups.

Running head: ANALYSIS OF SPEECH AND ANNUAL REPORT
ANALYSIS OF SPEECH AND ANNUAL REPORT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note:

1ANALYSIS OF SPEECH AND ANNUAL REPORT
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Speech Analysis...............................................................................................................................3
Annual Report Analysis...................................................................................................................5
Comparison......................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
Reference:........................................................................................................................................9

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Introduction
Critical Analysis of any literature is the process of describing and analyzing what are the
strong and weak aspects of it and how successfully it fulfills the responsibilities it is intended to
(Foss 2017). The reason for composing a study is to assess some individual's work keeping in
mind the end goal to build its reader's comprehension. A basic examination is subjective written
work since it communicates the essayist's supposition or assessment of a content. Investigation
intends to separate and concentrate the parts. Composing a basic paper requires two stages: basic
perusing and basic composition. The characteristic features which make a critical writing proper
is that it should have a clear outline of points it is a articulating apart from that it should not
accept or refuse any point made in that particular article on literature. It should rather think about
all the sides and comprehend what is actually valid in that particular article (Foss 2017). The
representation has to be balanced and the conclusion that is taken out from analyzing the whole
literature has to be a balanced aspect between negative or accepting the point made in that
literature in a descriptive writing that is no arguments made there is no refuting or accepting any
claims only a description is given, but in the case of critical review there is arguments made for
and against this particular aspect.
The effectiveness of a speech in an article has been articulated by Paul Grice.
Communication must have effectiveness in order to persuade the person to whom the
communication is made (Grice 1989). Grice had established some maxims with which he
decided that a particular speech article literature can be judged of its effectiveness. The first
Maxim is the Maxim of quantity a person gives information in order to persuade and that
information in itself the impact of population. The Maxim of quality is not providing information
but being truthful and dedicated in order to establish the facts and not just provide information

3ANALYSIS OF SPEECH AND ANNUAL REPORT
without any emotion. The effectiveness of a speech on an article has been articulated by Paul
Grice. Communication must have effectiveness in order to persuade the person to whom the
communication is made. Grice had established some maxims with which he decided that a
particular speech article literature can be judged of its effectiveness. The first Maxim is the
Maxim of quantity a person gives information in order to persuade and that information in itself
the impact of population. The Maxim of quality is not providing information but being truthful
and dedicated in order to establish the facts and not just provide information without any
emotion. The maxim of relation is where one person tries to be relevant to the topic of
discussion, provides logical arguments. On the other hand Maxim of manner in which a person is
very brief clear to the point and orderly
In the following paragraph the speech by Urvashi Vaid who is a gay right activist will be
analyzed, the report of Apple Inc which talks about diversity analysed as well in a critical
manner. The different tools that will be used in the process are Dilts Logical Levels and Grice’s
Maxims.
Speech Analysis
The speech which is taken for analysis is delivered by Urvashi Vaid a gay rights activist
in USA 1993. She starts by addressing the lesbian and gay Americans and the use of the term '
proud" is very important in this context, it is usually seen people who belong to the gay lesbian
transgender community they are not of their sexual orientation this is because the social table
that has been associated with this community from ages so she started her speech by the words
that she is proud to stand as a lesbian today (Nava and Dawidoff 2014). She asserts that time has
come honor and equality to be taken back by the community which they have lost because
pictures of social Taboo. She talks about building a bridge, a bridge which will take people to a

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land where there is no suffering or prejudice towards any community gender sexual orientation
color or Creed. it must be said here that the way she speaks is strong and assertive, she is not just
making her points but she is demanding justice equality which the community deserves to get.
“We have come to challenge the cowardly Congress to end its paralysis and exercise moral
leadership. We have come to defend our honor and win our equality” (Vaid, 1993). This is that
the people of LGBT community are not wondering anymore wilderness. The days of being afraid
is gone this time to act in a way that change is brought to the society and the discriminating
behavior of men is uprooted. Now the person speaking makes a point that the organizers have
requested her to speak on the far right. Sister by saying that right which seek Supremacy are
wrong morally, spiritually politically. Critically analyzing this section of the speech it must be
said that if a change is to be brought in the society political class with the left the center and the
right has to be brought on the same platform and they have to be convinced about this
movement. Making any one of this political class estranged will be harmful movement to thrive
among all. Speaker believes that the far right has been trying to destroy the bridge which can
reconcile the LGBT community with the normal USA American way of life. She has gone into
saying that the Christian supremacists are wrong spiritually when the demon eyes us. But it
should be known widely that today there are many Christians who support gay rights and they
take part in many activities which are for the rights of the gays and lesbians (Hirshman 2012).
Using the word Christian Supremacy is not correct in this context the speaker could have been
only saying that religious fanatics on religious bigots who are opposing the gay rights instead of
uttering the name of one particular religion. However she very expertly puts forward her point of
reclaiming the gay rights and establishing equality in America.

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According to Grice maxims the speech is in the mode of Maxim of quality and Maxim of
relation. the Maxim of quality is where one in the world to be truthful and honest and there are
no information that can be designated as false, however it is not just give information it is like
being truthful and giving one's viewpoint. In the Maxim of relation there are relevant discussion
happening so there is no information that is out of context or that is not needed (Vogel et al
2013).
Annual Report Analysis
The annual report is of Apple Inc. “We depend on the contributions from our outstanding
women leaders. Twenty-nine percent of our leaders are women”, “Diverse teams make
innovation possible. Our female representation is steadily increasing, and we’re proud of the
progress we’re making”, all these statements in the annual report reflect the importance Apple
Inc is giving towards women empowerment and participation. All over the world all important
companies are increasing their efforts to empower the women in all possible ways, by increasing
participation and introducing them to leadership. Apple in its annual report has included
empowerment of various other underrepresented communities of America. “50% of new hires
are from historically underrepresented groups in tech”, “ From July 2016 to July 2017, half of
our new hires in the United States were from historically underrepresented groups in tech —
women, Black, Hispanic, Native American, and Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander.”
(Apple.com. 2018) Analyzing the annual report of Apple Inc it is quite evident that the company
is thinking more about humanitarian project humanitarian activities that will be inclusive and
that will not be what causes discrimination or distinction between different genders, Creed,
religion, class, or colors. It must be said that the way Apple puts all these into perspective is
somewhat naive, it is evident that a company must include women representatives and that

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should be more than 50% in the ideal situation, Apple only has about 30% of that number
(Rhode 2016). They must increase the women participation so that there is a balance and equality
in the gender gap.
The 'consistent levels', first proposed by Robert Dilts, are regularly utilized as a part of
Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), yet give a supportive structure to taking a gaze at what's
going on in any individual, gathering or association. They characterize six levels of reasoning or
circumstance: condition, conduct, capacity or ability, convictions, personality and deep sense of
being, and are normally envisioned as a chain of command (Wiseman et al. 2012). Apple Inc. is
having an employee base of more than 130000 people, and the changes they are brining at small
levels are bringing change to the lives of thousands of people. “Condition, conduct, capacity or
ability, convictions” all these characteristics are weighed in the most effective way by Apple in
the Annual report.
Comparison
The speech by Urvashi Vaid is very strong in its efforts to establish the argument that it is
high time that gay rights are recognized. She has used before means of metaphors examples and
strong statements explore various ways in which the LGBT Americans can have established their
rights. no she has not provided much data on Statistics in favor of her speech to show that what
she is saying is material issue on ground but she uses a large number of examples metaphors and
strong statements to say that the extreme right radicals who are not willing to give the gays their
right must be eliminated in order to establish the rights and equality of all.
However she could have used more real cases statistics and numbers which would
establish that what she is saying is very true materially on the ground in the United States of

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America. That can be considered as one of the weak points in her speech. however it is true that
historically some right wingers who are fanatics have tried to establish their own Supremacy
over any other kinds of people with other preferences.
Apple on the other hand is actually using statistics numbers to show that how the
company is trying to remove any kind of discrimination from the company recruitment policy
and includes the diversity of all kinds and women empowerment (Holton and Dent 2012). Apple
is not making any high claims they are not making any strong statements against anyone, they
are just doing the job on ground and recruiting people from all historically low represented
background on Women in the maximum number they can. This is very strongly establishing a
tradition of empowering all the people who are not yet properly represented everywhere.
However, one of the similar points in both of these two literature, the speech of the gay
rights activist, and secondly the annual report of Apple, is that in the present situation the right
given to the minorities are not enough and there has to be more efforts in order to bring equality
in the society. That is one aspect that reflects from both of these literature if compared because if
there had been properly given to everyone then there would be no need of protest or any kind of
mention of recruitment of people from various categories.
The annual report of Apple is according to Grice Maxim of quantity and the maxim of
manner. In Maxim of quantity maximum information is provided to the listener or the reader or
the viewer, and in the Maxim of manner information is provided briefly and only the relevant
things are spoken.

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Conclusion
Thus it can be concluded that by critical analyzing the two pieces of literature given in
this paper found that the common ground is to establish rights and equality for the people who
are underrepresented and who does not have much voice to speak in the political scenario. Both
the activist and the company are trying in their ways to empower people who are not yet
empowered and are cornered by extreme right wing supremacist.
The critical analysis has helped in finding out the flaws and gaps in both these literature
and also in establishing what are the strong points in them. A better understanding of both the
speech and the annual report is gained.

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Reference:
Apple.com., 2018. Inclusion & Diversity. [online] Apple. Available at:
https://www.apple.com/diversity/ [Accessed 15 Apr. 2018].
Benton, M.A., 2016. Gricean quality. Noûs, 50(4), pp.689-703.
Foss, S.K., 2017. Rhetorical criticism: Exploration and practice. Waveland Press.
Grice, H.P., 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press.
Hirshman, L., 2012. Victory: The triumphant gay revolution. Harper Collins.
Holton, V. and Dent, F.E., 2012. Women and Leadership. In Women in Business (pp. 78-94).
Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Nava, M. and Dawidoff, R., 2014. Created equal: Why gay rights matter to America. St. Martin's
Griffin.
Rhode, D.L., 2016. Women and leadership. Oxford University Press.
Vaid, U., 1993. Gifts of Speech - Urvashi Vaid. [online] Gos.sbc.edu. Available at:
http://gos.sbc.edu/w/vaid.html [Accessed 15 Apr. 2018].
Vogel, A., Bodoia, M., Potts, C. and Jurafsky, D., 2013. Emergence of Gricean maxims from
multi-agent decision theory. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American
Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (pp.
1072-1081).

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Wiseman, R., Watt, C., Ten Brinke, L., Porter, S., Couper, S.L. and Rankin, C., 2012. The eyes
don’t have it: lie detection and neuro-linguistic programming. PloS one, 7(7), p.e40259.